成骨不全4个家系基因突变检测及表型与基因型的关系

目的对国内4个成骨不全(OI)家系进行临床调查分析和基因突变检测,探讨中国人群OI基因型与表型的关系。方法分别对4例来自不同家系的OI先证者进行体格检查及家系调查,收集临床资料及血液标本,绘制家系图谱,确定各家系成员患病个体的临床诊断分型。提取其血液标本基因组DNA,应用PCR扩增及DNA直接测序法对4例先证者Ⅰ型胶原基因进行基因突变检测,并应用生物信息学软件对测序结果与Genbank标准序列进行对比;根据先证者检测结果,分别对各家系成员进行COL1A1/COL1A2基因突变检测和分析。结果在先证者1及家系患病个体中检测到COL1A1基因第36外显子c.2473位点G>A突变,在先证者2COL1A1基因上第26内含子剪切位点处c.1821+1G>A突变,在先证者4及家系患病个体中检测到COL1A1基因第9内含子剪切位点处c.697-2A>T突变,先证者3及4个家系非患病成员均未检测到COL1A1/COL1A2基因突变。结论COL1A1基因突变是引起中国人群OI的原因之一,但还可能有其他的基因突变存在,临床表型不仅与基因型有关,还可能受遗传背景、环境及其他因素的影响。     

儿童戈谢病14例临床表型与基因型特征分析

目的分析儿童戈谢病的临床表型与基因型特征及其相关性。方法回顾性分析南京医科大学附属儿童医院2016年8月至2021年10月诊断的14例儿童戈谢病患儿的一般情况、临床表现、实验室检查、基因检测等临床资料, 对临床表型和基因型进行总结。结果 14例戈谢病患儿中男9例, 女5例, 诊断年龄0.7～15.8岁;其中Ⅰ型10例、Ⅱ型2例、Ⅲ型2例。患儿临床表现以脾大(14例)、血小板减少(14例)、肝肿大(8例)和贫血(8例)多见, 其中有6例患儿存在生长迟缓, 5例患儿身高在同龄儿处于中下水平。Ⅰ型患儿中7例磁共振成像检查均有影像学骨骼异常, 仅有1例有骨痛, Ⅱ和Ⅲ型可同时伴有抽搐、眼球震颤、听力下降。12例患儿骨髓形态学可查见戈谢细胞。除1例Ⅰ型葡萄糖脑苷脂酶基因含L483P纯合变异外, 其余13例均为杂合变异, 常见致病变异为L483P(33%, 10/30), 其余依次为V414L、D448H、R159W。2例有严重神经系统表现戈谢病患儿的变异等位基因为L483P、L422R和F252I、L483P。检出了1个新生变异c.22A>G。结论儿童戈谢病以脾肿大和血小板减少为常见临床表...     

7个血友病A家系基因型与临床表型分析

目的 确定各家系凝血因子Ⅷ(F Ⅷ)基因突变类型,了解基因突变与临床表型的关系。方法 对7 个家系患者进行活化部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)及凝血因子Ⅷ凝结活性(F Ⅷ :C)检测,再采用PCR 方法对7 个血友病A家系患者进行内含子22、内含子1 倒位检测,对检测结果阴性患者采用直接测序法确定基因突变类型,并对家系相关成员进行相应位点的扩增与测序。结果 8 例血友病A患者APTT 为91.6~131 s,F Ⅷ :C 为0.8%~2%,基因检测结果显示8 例患者中未检出内含子22 倒位,仅检出1 例内含子1 倒位。余7 例血友病A 患者中,共检出5 种基因型,其中6例位于外显子14,1例位于外显子23,均为单碱基突变;有1 例检出基因型为p.His1202LeufsX16(c.3666delA),经检索为新突变。结论 F Ⅷ突变热点区域位于外显子14,新突变p.His1202LeufsX16 的发现丰富了F Ⅷ基因突变数据库。     

癫痫患儿5例基因型表型分析及临床研究

目的　分析5例癫痫患儿的临床资料,探究SCN9A基因突变相关性脑病的临床特点。方法　选取2017年9月至2018 年12月中国医科大学附属盛京医院小儿神经内科就诊的80例癫痫患儿,完善二代测序检测存在SCN9A基因突变且SCN9A基因考虑为致病相关基因,对测序结果进行致病性分析,观察并记录患儿临床表现。结果　5例患儿均存在SCN9A基因突变,且均为错义突变,患儿存在局灶性发作,全面强直阵挛发作及肌阵挛发作,部分患儿存在智力或运动发育落后。结论　SCN9A基因突变多为杂合突变,本研究中发作形式为局灶性发作较多,可与发热相关,临床表型多样。     

癫痫患儿5例基因型表型分析及临床研究

目的　分析5例癫痫患儿的临床资料,探究SCN9A基因突变相关性脑病的临床特点。方法　选取2017年9月至2018 年12月中国医科大学附属盛京医院小儿神经内科就诊的80例癫痫患儿,完善二代测序检测存在SCN9A基因突变且SCN9A基因考虑为致病相关基因,对测序结果进行致病性分析,观察并记录患儿临床表现。结果　5例患儿均存在SCN9A基因突变,且均为错义突变,患儿存在局灶性发作,全面强直阵挛发作及肌阵挛发作,部分患儿存在智力或运动发育落后。结论　SCN9A基因突变多为杂合突变,本研究中发作形式为局灶性发作较多,可与发热相关,临床表型多样。     

纯合型家族性高胆固醇血症家系基因型与表型分析

目的对1个纯合型家族性高胆固醇血症(HoFH)家系进行遗传学分析.方法前瞻性研究.选择西安市儿童医院心内科2018年10月确诊的1个HoFH家系先证者及家系成员共20人为研究对象,收集临床资料,提取基因组DNA,对先证者进行全外显子靶向捕获二代测序,并在家系内进行Sanger测序验证.对家系成员杂合突变携带者和未携带者的基因型与表型进行分析.结果先证者为7岁10月龄男性患儿,生后尾骨处皮肤可见圆形绿豆大小黄色皮肤突起,3~4岁起双侧肘关节、膝关节及跟腱处皮肤逐渐出现直径0.5~1.5 cm的黄色瘤样结节,患儿身高、体重、智力发育与同龄儿相同.家族其他成员无类似皮肤黄瘤.患儿总胆固醇(TC)18.16~21.24 mmol/L,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)14.08~15.51 mmol/L,颈部超声提示双侧颈动脉及椎动脉弥漫性硬化斑块,心脏彩超提示主动脉瓣增厚、钙化.基因检测确定了先证者LDLR基因携带c.418G>A(p.E140K)纯合突变,分别遗传自患儿父母,二人为近亲结婚,均携带LDLR-E140K基因杂合突变.家系中携带LDLR-E140K基因杂合突变成员TC、LDL-C和载脂蛋白B分别为(8.40±0.13)、(6.79±0.01)、(1.95±0.05)mmol/L,明显高于未携带者[(4.59±0.28)、(3.35±0.39)、(0.86±0.10)mmol/L,t=7.269、4.595、6.311,P均<0.05].结论LDLR-E140K基因纯合突变致儿童HoFH,携带纯合突变的先证者临床表型最严重,携带杂合突变的家系成员均有高胆固醇血症表型,LDLR-E 140K是家族性高胆固醇血症的致病性变异.     

新疆维吾尔族儿童21-羟化酶缺乏症基因型与表型的研究

目的 探讨新疆维吾尔族儿童21-羟化酶缺乏症(21-OHD)基因突变规律及基因型和临床表型的关系。方法 选取2013年10月至2014年10月就诊的20例维吾尔族21-OHD患儿为研究对象,联合应用全长直接测序法和多重连接依赖探针扩增技术检测21-羟化酶编码基因CYP21A2的突变类型,并按照基因突变类型将21-OHD患者分成不同的组别,比较预期的临床表型和实际临床表型的一致性。结果 20例患儿共发现9种突变,其中8种为已确定的致病突变,分别为Del、conv、I2g、I172N、Cluster E6、8-bp del、V281L、R356W,另1种突变为内含子5上的新发突变(c.648+37A>G),目前尚未有相关文献报道,暂不明确是否具有病理性意义。大部分根据基因突变类型预测的临床表型与实际的临床表型符合率较高(67%以上),根据P30L、V281L突变预测的临床表型与实际临床表型符合率较低(33%)。结论 21-OHD的基因型与表型有较好的相关性,通过检测患者的基因型可以预测疾病的临床表型;新发突变(c.648+37A>G)可能与21-OHD的发病有一定的关系。     

X-连锁无丙种球蛋白血症患儿临床表型和基因诊断分析

目的分析3例X-连锁无丙种球蛋白血症(X-linked agammaglobulinemia,XLA)的临床表型特点及Bruton’s酪氨酸激酶(BTK)基因变异情况,以提高临床医师对XLA的认识。方法收集本组3例XLA患儿外周静脉血,测定其血清Ig水平和淋巴细胞亚群表达情况,采用RT-PCR和测序的方法分析患儿及母亲BTK基因变异情况,并总结其临床特征。结果在临床特征方面3例均为男性患儿,诊断XLA时的年龄分别为4岁、12岁6个月和2岁2个月,平均诊断年龄6岁3个月。3例患儿临床均表现为反复感染,如患中耳炎、鼻窦炎、反复全身脓疱疹、脓胸、细菌性关节炎、细菌性脑膜炎等,3例诊断时均表现为营养、生长发育较差,周围淋巴组织发育不良,扁桃体和淋巴结很小或难以查及;实验室检查血清Ig和循环B淋巴细胞明显降低;在基因诊断方面3例均发现存在BTK基因突变,例1为外显子9的949位G缺失,例2为外显子17的错义突变,例3为外显子15的错义突变,对例2、例3患儿母亲进行BTK基因分析,发现均为携带者,存在相同的基因突变。结论本组3例中国贵州籍XLA患儿诊断时年龄较大,临床主要表现为不同部位的反复化脓性细菌感染,在临床表现基础上通过BTK基因分析有助于XLA患儿的进一步明确诊断,并且有利于发现携带者和进行遗传咨询。     

Becker/Duchenne肌营养不良患儿临床表型与基因关联性预测分析

目的 探讨Becker/Duchenne肌营养不良（BMD/DMD）患儿的临床表型与基因型的关联性，为疾病的管理、基因治疗及产前诊断提供理论依据。方法 回顾性分析52例患儿的临床资料及基因检测结果，对52例患儿均采用多重连接探针扩增（MLPA）的方法检测DMD基因，对MLPA检测未发现基因异常的患儿采用外显子芯片捕获结合高通量测序技术（NGS）进行筛查；并对20例先证者的母亲进行了测序验证。结果 结合MLPA和NGS测序技术检测到50例患儿携带BMD/DMD致病基因，检出率为96%。其中，基因缺失36例（69%）、重复7例（13%）、微小突变7例（13%）。在43例存在基因缺失/重复的患儿中，DMD 32例，BMD 11例；37例（86%）符合阅读框架原则，其中DMD 27例（96%），BMD 10例（67%）。7例微小突变均为DMD。结论 阅读框架原则对DMD有极高预测价值，对BMD预测有限。     

1097例0~7岁β地中海贫血患儿不同基因型及表型关联分析

目的探讨1097例南宁地区0~7岁儿童β地中海贫血不同基因型和表型血液学特征。方法于2010—2012年于广西壮族自治区妇幼保健院就诊的不同程度贫血的0~7岁患儿,采用RDB-PCR技术检测β-地中海贫血和GAP-PCR技术检测α-地中海贫血基因类型,因经常规基因检测未能确诊的未知突变或缺失,采用直接DNA测序或是MLPA法。结果发现892例常见β地中海贫血突变和155例合并不同类型α地中海贫血的β地中海贫血。共检出11种常见β基因型,以CD41-42(-CTTT)和CD17(A-T)为主。β+基因型合并其他α地中海贫血基因的缺失与合并αα/αα血液学参数表现出没有多大区别。单纯β0与β0/α+和β+/α0基因型比较各指标差别有显著性差异(P0.05),单纯β+与β+/α+和β+/α0基因型比较各指标差别均无显著性差异(P0.05)结论 1097例南宁地区0-7岁儿童的β0或β+合并不同形式的α基因的发病率高,并且血液学特点与单纯的β地中海贫血临床表型相似,无法通过血液学指标鉴别复合型与单纯性的个体,需要依赖分子基因诊断技术,更好完善地中海贫血基因诊断流程和为临床遗传咨询提供参考。     

Hearing loss in children with osteogenesis imperfecta

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder of connective tissue. Progressive hearing loss is one of the principal symptoms of OI, affecting about 50% of adult patients. Hearing loss may also occur in childhood and results in additional disability in education and psychosocial adaptation and aggravates the physical handicap. This can be avoided by appropriate otological and audiological treatment. In a nationwide search, 254 Finnish patients with OI were identified indicating a prevalence of 4.9/100 000. Of the 60 children, 45 aged between 4 and 16 years accepting to participate the study on hearing, were evaluated by a questionnaire and clinical audiometry. Hearing loss was defined as pure tone average (PTA_{0.5–2 kHz}) more than 20 dB hearing level (HL). A clinical geneticist determined the type of OI among the 45 patients. Two sporadic OI cases with conductive hearing loss were ascertained (4.4%): An 11-year-old girl with type IV OI with a PTA_{0.5–2 kHz} of 35/40 dB HL and a 15-year-old boy with type IV OI with a PTA_{0.5–2 kHz} of 27/18 dB HL. In addition, a 6-year-old girl with familial OI type I had either a congenital sensorineural deafness or early progressive deafness with PTA_{0.5–2 kHz} of 97/103 dB HL, probably of unrelated aetiology. Conclusion Hearing loss in children with osteogenesis imperfecta is less frequent than generally suspected. Nevertheless, it is recommended that audiometry is performed in children with osteogenesis imperfecta even without symptoms of hearing loss at the age of 10 years, and repeated every 3 years thereafter. Received: 13 October 1999 and in revised forms: 20 December 1999, 13 January 2000 and 24 January 2000 / Accepted: 25 January 2000     

Osteosarcoma arising in osteogenesis imperfecta

We report a case of osteosarcoma arising in osteogenesis imperfecta. The characteristic radiographic and pathological findings are discussed and emphasized to warrant a biopsy.     

Effect of intravenous pamidronate therapy on everyday activities in children with osteogenesis imperfecta

AIM: To evaluate the effect of intravenous pamidronate therapy on everyday activities, well-being, skeletal pain and bone density in children with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). METHODS: In a prospective observational study, monthly intravenous pamidronate infusions were given to 43 children (aged 4 months-16 years) with different severity and form of OI. Outcome measures included the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI), a score of well-being, registration of days with pain and bone density measured by using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Data were collected before and after the first year of treatment. RESULTS: Self-care and mobility measured by PEDI increased significantly in both the Functional Skill scale and in the Caregiver Assistance scale. The youngest children improved more than the older ones according to the PEDI. The days with skeletal pain were reduced and both well-being and bone density increased. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous treatment with bisphosphonates influenced health status, according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). This group of 43 children experienced beneficial effects on everyday activities, skeletal pain, well-being and bone density.     

Fracture and non-fracture pain in children with osteogenesis imperfecta

AIM: To describe and compare the characteristics of acute fracture and chronic non-fracture pain in children with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). METHODS: A questionnaire about fracture-related pain and prospective 7-d diary about non-fracture-related pain was completed by a random sample of 35 children aged 5-18 from a UK national OI service. Main outcome measures included pain intensity, location, frequency, quality, coping strategies and analgesia use. RESULTS: Most children reported moderate to severe pain associated with fractures and less intense non-fracture pain (p<0.001). Pain intensity was significantly higher in the children who used analgesics (p<0.001). The quality of fracture and non-fracture pain differed only for affective words, which were less frequently used to describe non-fracture pain (p=0.002). More activities of daily living (ADLs) were affected by fracture pain than by non-fracture pain (p<0.001). Children reported more frequent use of approach coping strategies with fracture pain and more frequent use of distraction for non-fracture pain (p<0.01). There were no differences in non-fracture pain intensity, duration, quality, effect on ADLs or coping between children who did or did not take bisphosphonates. CONCLUSIONS: Pain is a common occurrence for children with OI and is both acute and chronic in nature, interfering with children's daily living activities. OI pain may not be optimally treated because many children experienced moderate to severe pain despite use of analgesics and/or coping strategies.     

Osteogenic sarcoma complicating osteogenesis imperfecta tarda

We describe the case history of a 13 years old boy who developed osteogenic sarcoma of the left thigh, six years after diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta tarda with a positive family history. Only four other patients with this disease combination are reported in the literature.Preoperative treatment with high-dose Methotrexate caused marked tumor regression, as shown at examination of amputation material. The inter-relationships between the two disorders are discussed and the literature is briefly reviewed.     

成骨不全股骨畸形的截骨矫形

目的 探讨多段截骨矫形治疗成骨不全儿童股骨畸形的手术特点和临床效果.方法 2004年1月至2007年1月,采用多段截骨矫形+Rush钉内固定,治疗成骨不全股骨畸形10例(共14根股骨).其中男7例,女3例,年龄5～16岁,平均年龄10.3岁.术后进行临床评价(活动方式、股骨长度和感染)和放射学评价(Rush钉的位置、移位、弯曲、断裂和再骨折).结果 随访3～5年,平均3.5年,所有病例均骨性愈合,愈合时间6～9周,平均7周;首次手术的平均年龄为6.1岁,4例需要二次手术更换Rush钉;首次与第二次手术的时间间隔为1.5～4年,平均2.7年.所有病例未发生骨折、血管神经损伤、感染、骨不连等并发症;股骨畸形和下肢功能获得明显改善(P<0.01).其中1例未及时更换Rush钉.其远端自骨干穿出,局部成角畸形,给予截骨矫形、更换Rush钉后治愈.结论 术前个性化设计,采取多段截骨矫形治疗成骨不全儿童的股骨畸形,可以加速骨愈合,减少再骨折;最大可能的矫正畸形,改善下肢功能,提高生活质量.     

Treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta with the bisphosphonate olpadronate (dimethylaminohydroxypropylidene bisphosphonate)

Osteoporosis is an important feature of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). So far, no effective medical treatment is available. We treated three boys with severe OI type III and vertebral deformities for 5–7 years with continuous oral administration of the bisphosphonate, olpadronate. Treatment resulted in a decreased number of bone fractures, an increased calcification of the long bones and an amelioration of vertebral shape. No side-effects were encountered. Conclusion These preliminary but long-term obser- vations suggest that the bisphosphonate olpadronate may be a useful treatment for patients with OI and vertebral fractures. Bisphosphonates may be promi- sing drugs for children with OI. Received: 20 November 1996 / Accepted: 25 February 1997     

Muscle weakness as presenting symptom of osteogenesis imperfecta

A young boy presented with severe muscle weakness of his legs at the age of 2 years. Muscle morphology and computer tomography imaging findings were compatible with a metabolic myopathy. Additional investigation showed an osteopenic skeleton and signs of healing fractures. A skin biopsy showed an abnormal electrophoresis pattern of collagen, consistent with a variant of osteogenesis imperfecta. The patient improved with intravenous treatment with pamidronate.     

Postural balance,handgrip strength and mobility in Brazilian children and adolescents with osteogenesis imperfecta

ObjectiveTo describe postural balance, handgrip strength and mobility in children and adolescents with different types of osteogenesis imperfecta.MethodsCross-sectional study. Fifty selected subjects diagnosed with types I (n = 11), III (n = 21), and IV (n = 18), followed up at Brazilian reference center for osteogenesis imperfecta in the Midwest region, aged 2–21 years (9.2 ± 5.0), were enrolled in this study. Children and adolescents were evaluated for postural balance in the upright position with eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions, handgrip strength and the mobility domain (Pediatric Dysfunction Assessment Inventory). Data normality and difference between groups was verified.ResultsHandgrip strength was significantly lower in people with type III of osteogenesis imperfecta when compared to the osteogenesis imperfecta types I and IV, and to the age-specific reference data. Center of pressure length and mean velocity in the condition with eyes closed were worse compared to the open-eyes condition for children and adolescents with type I of osteogenesis imperfecta. There were worse results in the mobility domain for the participants classified with the most severe type of osteogenesis imperfecta.ConclusionsIt was observed that the severity of the osteogenesis imperfecta disease affected handgrip strength and locomotor function assessed by the mobility domain. Comparing osteogenesis imperfecta types, the higher the severity of osteogenesis imperfecta, the lower the handgrip strength. These results can contribute to new strategies of treatment focused on improving functional capacity and quality of life in people with osteogenesis imperfecta.