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??Abstracts?? Objective To study the relationship between procalcitonin ??PCT?? and the pathogenesis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis ??JIA??. Methods We tested the values of PCT and CRP of 150 JIA cases. To find the diagnostic value of PCT and CRP in JIA with bacterial infection??we compared the clinical value of PCT and that of CRP?? including sensitivity?? specificity??positive predictive value and negative predictive value. Besides?? we tested the level of PCT in various patterns of JIA. Results PCT value in cases of JIA with bacterial infection was ??3.56±0.84???? which was markedly higher than that in JIA cases with virus infection??0.05±0.01????P??0.05??and that in JIA disease activited without infection group??0.19±0.01????P??0.05??and that in control group .However?? there wasn’t significant difference between JIA cases with virus infection and control group. If we considered diagnostic positive threshold of JIA cases without virus infection as PCT≥0.5 μg/L??then its sensitivity?? specificity?? positive predictive value??negative predictive value ?? positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio were 76.2%??87.6%??50.0%??95.8%??6.14 and 0.27?? respectively. In 98.99% of the JIA activity without infection group PCT value was??0.5 μg/L??the median was 0.2 μg/L. In 66.7% of the JIA activity without infection group??PCT??0.1 μg/L. Conclusion Testing PCT value has significant role in diagnosing JIA with bacterial infection ?? and the prediction value is superior to CRP infection. It can be considered to recommend PCT??0.5 μg/L as the diagnosis of JIA infection in patients with critical value.     

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??Objective??To evaluate the chronotropic competence in children with vasovagal syncope ??VVS??. Methods??Thirty-nine patients??17 males??22 females??age ranging from 8-16 years?? with syncope were included in the study??and 28 were diagnosed with VVS??including 15 cases of vasodepressor type??9 cases of mixed type??and 4 cases of cardioinhibitory type??11 were with unexplained cause of syncope. A treadmill test was performed and heart-rate response during exercise was evaluated by the chronotropic reserve. Demographic data and change of heart rate??blood pressure during test and CRI were compared between the 2 groups and different types of VVS. Furthermore??based on CRI??patients with VVS were divided into the normal chrontropic group??n??10?? and CI group??n??17??. By following the recurrence of syncope of 2 groups??the effect of CI on the prognosis of VVS in children was observed. Results??There were no significant differences between children with VVS and with unexplained syncope in sex??age??BMI??baseline heart rate??MaxMET or baseline blood pressure. But during exercise test??peak heart rate and CRI were significantly lower in children with VVS than in unexplained syncope. The incidence of CI in children with VVS was significantly higher than that in children with unexplained syncope??64.3% vs. 27.3%??P??0.05??. The incidence of CI in VVS with vasodepressor-type in children was significantly lower than those with cardioinhibitory-type and mixed-type. During following-up period??the recurrence rate of syncope in VVS children with CI was significantly higher than that of children without CI. Patients with CI had significantly worse prognosis compared to those without CI??Log-rank??P??0.028??. Conclusion??Chrontropic competence is significantly altered in children with VVS??especially in cardioinhibitory-type and mixed-type in children. CI is the significant predictor for poor prognosis in children with VVS.     

P77PMC大鼠惊厥后脑内N—甲基—D—门冬氨酸受体功能的研究

目的 探讨惊厥后大脑皮质N－甲基－D－门冬氨酸（NMDA）受体兴奋性的改变与癫Xian发病机制的关系。方法 利用配基结合实验观察听源性惊厥大鼠P77PMC惊厥前后大脑皮质突触膜对^3H-MK 801的结合改变以及不同激动剂组合对其结合的影响。结果 反应体系中无任何NMDA受活动剂时,惊厥后大脑皮质突触膜对^3H-MK 801的结合有增加趋势,但无统计学意义;当反应液中加入NMDA受体激动剂时,惊厥后大脑皮质突触膜对^3H-MK 801的结合明显增加,除惊厥后4h与正常对照组相比无统计学差异外,其他惊厥后各时间点与正常对比均有统计学差异（P＜0．01）。结论 听源性惊厥大鼠P77PMC惊厥后,大脑皮质NMDA受体活性增高,对其激动剂的敏感性增加,受体通道更易被打开。     

神经节苷脂对脑缺氧缺血后新生大鼠海马CA1区 N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸受体表达的影响

目的 研究新生大鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤(HIBD)后海马区N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸受体(NMDAR)及NMDARmRNA表达的变化和神经节苷脂(GM1)对其的影响。方法 建立HIBD模型。用免疫组化及原位杂交方法检测缺氧缺血(HI)和GM1干预后不同时间点NMDA受体I型亚单位(NR1)阳性细胞及NR1mRNA阳性细胞的表达。结果 HI后新生大鼠海马CA1区NR1及NR1mRNA表达增强,GM1可使其受体表达下调(P<0.05)。结论 GM1可使新生大鼠海马CA1区NR1及NR1mRNA表达下调,对新生大鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤具有保护作用。     

氯氨酮对新生大鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤保护作用的研究

氯氨酮是一种非竞争性N甲基D天门冬氨酸(NMDA)受体拮抗剂,它能通过血脑屏障与NMDA型受体离子通道结合,阻断钙离子通道,在临床上是一种常用的诱导麻醉剂。竞争性或非竞争性NMDA型受体阻断剂能减轻缺氧缺血(hypoxia-ischemia,HI)所诱导的脑损伤。离体实验显示,氯氨酮对新生动物缺氧缺血性神经元损伤具有保护作用。2002年7月～2003年5月,我们对7日龄新生大鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤(1iypoxic-ischemic brain damage,HIBD)的动物模型腹腔注射氯氨酮,观察其在HIBD后的神经保护作用,报告如下。     

实验室系列检查标在早期诊断过敏性紫癜肾损害的敏感度选择

目的：通过检测过敏性紫癜（HSP）患儿微量白蛋白（MA）、α1－微球蛋白(α1－M）和尿N－乙酰－β-D-氨基－葡萄糖胺酶（NAG）含量及相关实验室指标，观察HSP肾损害早期诊断的敏感性。方法：采用免疫散射速率比浊法和碱性苦味酸速率法对62例HSP患儿进行尿MA、α1－M、NAG排量检测，同时做肾功能、肾B超、尿常规、尿12h Addis计数相关实验室的检查，结合临床及实验室检查指标分析HSP发生肾小管受损的临床意义。结果：1、HSP肾损害占80．60％，尿酶和尿两项特种蛋白、尿12h Addis计数、尿常规、肾功能、肾B超对判断肾损害的敏感性分别为80．60％、76．00％、52．63％、48．39％、8．06％、7．14％；2、HSP患儿尿常规正常组（第1组）与异常组（第2组）间尿两项特种蛋白比较有显著差异性（P＜0．05），对照组与第1、2组分别比较亦有显著性差异（P＜0．05，P＜0．01），对照组NAG含量与第1组比较有显著性差异（P＜0．05）。结论：NAG和尿两项特种蛋白可敏感反映HSP肾损害情况，在某些程度上NAG的敏感性更高，可作为早期诊断HSP肾小管损害的判断指标。     

过敏性紫癜患儿早期肾损害的实验室检查及干预

目的 探讨过敏性紫癜( Henoch-Schonlein purpura,HSP)患儿早期肾损害诊断的实验室指标及早期干预的临床疗效.方法 对143例多次尿常规检查正常的HSP患儿进一步检测尿微量蛋白[免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、微量白蛋白(MA)、转铁蛋白(TRF)、a1-微球蛋白(α1-MG)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)]以及尿酶[N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG),y-谷氨酰转肽酶(y-GT)]的含量.采用对比研究方法,将131例检查异常的HSP患儿随机分成两组(对照组65例、干预组66例).两组均给予甲氰咪胍、氯雷他定、钙剂等综合治疗,干预组66例在综合治疗的基础上加用小剂量肝素微量泵持续定时静脉滴注及甘利欣口服治疗,对照组65例未给予其他治疗.结果 143例尿常规检查正常的HSP患儿中尿微量蛋白和尿酶异常131例(91.61％),干预组治疗2个月、4个月尿微量蛋白、尿酶各项指标均较治j前降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).对照组治疗2个月仅尿β2-MG、NAG、y-GT 3项指标降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),治疗4个月尿微量蛋白、尿酶各项指标均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).干预组治疗2个月、4个月尿微量蛋白、尿酶各项指标均较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P ＜0.05或P＜0.01).尿IgG、MA、TRF 、NAG恢复较快,干预组治疗4个月时已基本接近正常,而尿α1-MG、β2-MG、γ-GT恢复较慢,干预组治疗4个月时仍有轻重不一的异常.两组治疗4个月时,对照组尿常规异常率高于干预组(36.92％ vs 6.10％),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 尿微量蛋白及尿酶7项指标的联合检测是早期诊断HSP肾损害的良好指标.应用肝素钠、甘利欣对其进行早期干预,能有效预防肾损害,延缓疾病进展.对HSP肾损害须强调早期诊断及早期干预.     

儿童紫癜性肾炎肾组织Th1/Th2比值与肾脏微血管损伤的关系

目的：探讨儿童紫癜性肾炎（HSPN）肾组织Th1/Th2比值与肾脏微血管损伤的关系。方法：选取32名HSPN患儿为病例组,根据肾脏病理结果分为4个亚组：HSPN Ⅱ级（n=8）,Ⅲa级（n=7）,Ⅲb级（n=10）及Ⅵ/Ⅴ级（n=7）。5例因肾外伤切除肾组织患者为对照组。免疫组化法检测肾组织INFγ（标记Th1细胞）、IL-4（标记Th2细胞）及CD34（标记微血管）的表达,并进行微血管评分,计算微血管密度（MVD）,分析肾脏INFγ、IL-4表达与肾脏病理分级、肾脏微血管评分和MVD之间的关系。结果：与对照组相比,病例组肾组织INFγ表达降低,IL-4表达升高,Th1/Th2比值随着HSPN病理损伤的加重而减小,各级间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与对照组比较,HSPNⅡ级和Ⅲa 级组MVD显著增加,但Ⅳ/Ⅴ级组MVD显著减少（P<0.05）。与对照组和HSPNⅡ级组比较,HSPNⅢa级、Ⅲb级以及Ⅳ/Ⅴ级组肾脏微血管评分明显增加,且随病理分级的增加,肾脏微血管评分逐渐增加,各级间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。肾组织Th1/Th2比值与微血管密度变化呈负相关（r=-0.921,P<0.01）。结论：Th1/Th2比值降低可能参与了HSPN肾脏微血管损伤。     

279例儿童紫癜性肾炎临床与病理分析

目的了解儿童紫癜性肾炎的临床和病理特点。方法回顾性分析279例儿童紫癜性肾炎患儿的临床和病理资料。结果279例儿童紫癜性肾炎的临床分型以血尿和蛋白尿型最多（107例,38．4％）,其次是肾病综合征型（69例,24．7％）,孤立性蛋白尿型（40例,14．3％）,孤立性血尿型（29例,10．4％）,急性肾炎型（21例,9．3％）,急进性肾炎型（8例,2．9％）,慢性肾炎型（5例,1．8％）。根据国际儿童肾脏病研究中心标准,279例儿童紫癜性肾炎的病理分级以Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级最多,分别为133例（47．7％）和109例（39．1％）,血尿和蛋白尿型的病理分级以Ⅱ级（61例,57．0％）和Ⅲ级（35例,32．7％）多见,肾病综合征型的病理分级以Ⅲ级多见（41例,59．4％）。免疫病理分型以IgA＋IgM沉积型多见（108例,38．7％）,IgA＋IgM＋IgG沉积型次之（86例,30．8％）。肾病综合征型的病理改变相对较重（X^2=35．989,P〈0．05）,免疫病理分型与病理分级无相关性（P〉0．05）。结论儿童紫癜性肾炎临床以血尿和蛋白尿型及肾病综合征型为主,病理分级以Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级常见,但临床症状与病理损伤的程度不完全一致,肾病综合征型的病理改变相对较重。应根据临床类型和病理分级制定治疗计划,改善预后。     

多普勒肾血流检测对过敏性紫癜患儿肾损害的诊断价值

目的 探讨彩色多普勒检测过敏性紫癜（HSP）患儿肾血流变化的临床价值.方法 用彩色多普勒超声仪检测40例HSP患儿肾主动脉、叶间动脉、弓状动脉肾血流动力学变化,以32例健康儿童作为对照组;同时检测HSP患儿尿常规、尿微量白蛋白.结果 HSP组患儿肾主动脉和叶间动脉收缩期最大峰值血流速度（Vmax）、舒张期谷值血流速度（Vmin）和阻力指数（RI）高于正常对照组（P＜0.05）;弓状动脉Vmax、Vmin、RI与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.40例患儿中多普勒肾血流异常28例（70％）,尿常规异常14例（35％）,尿微量白蛋白异常18例（45％）.彩超肾血流检测的敏感性高于尿微量白蛋白、尿常规,尿常规与尿微量白蛋白比较差异无统计学意义.结论 多普勒肾血流检测是早期发现HSP患儿肾损害的敏感指标.     

初发过敏性紫癜患儿肾脏受累危险因素分析

目的 对初发过敏性紫癜(HSP)患儿进行随访,探讨HSP患儿肾脏受累的危险因素.方法 前瞻性纳入2009年12月至2010年11月在南京医科大学附属南京儿童医院肾脏科住院的初发HSP患儿,随访6个月,根据肾脏受累定义,将HSP患儿分为肾脏受累组和无肾脏受累组.复习文献提取与肾脏受累可能相关的3项人口学特征、8项临床症状...     

整合素连接激酶表达与儿童紫癜性肾炎肾小球损害的关系

目的研究表明整合素连接激酶(integrin-lin kedkinase,ILK)在肾脏疾病的发生、发展中起着重要作用。该研究旨在探讨ILK与儿童紫癜性肾炎(HSPN)肾小球损害的关系。方法188例HSPN患儿按照国际儿童肾脏病组织(ISKDC)关于HSPN肾脏病理分级分成5组,即≤Ⅱa级组、Ⅱb级组、Ⅲa级组、Ⅲb级组、≥Ⅳ级组。对照组为薄基膜肾病患儿。采用免疫组织化学方法检测对照组及HSPN患儿肾小球ILK的表达,分析肾小球ILK表达与肾小球病理损害、尿蛋白排泄量之间的关系。结果①ILK在肾小球的表达:对照、≤Ⅱa级、Ⅱb级、Ⅲa级、Ⅲb级、≥Ⅳ级组6组患儿肾小球ILK的阳性表达面积分别为:(3.35±1.01)%、(4.88±1.13)%、(9.64±1.36)%、(11.27±1.68)%、(17.42±3.0)%、(20.62±2.32)%,6组间比较,差异有非常显著性(P<0.01)。②随着患儿尿蛋白排泄量的增加,肾小球ILK表达逐渐增强,尿蛋白阴性组、尿微量白蛋白组、显著尿蛋白组及大量尿蛋白组间的ILK表达差异有非常显著性(P<0.01)。结论ILK与儿童HSPN肾小球病理损害及蛋白尿的发生密切相关。     

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目的探讨过敏性紫癜(HSP)患儿尿表皮生长因子(EGF)质量浓度检测及其对早期肾损害的诊断价值。方法91例HSP患儿为山东省青岛市妇女儿童医疗保健中心2003-01—2004-12住院确诊患儿,采用双抗体夹心ELISA方法检测HSP患儿和30例正常对照组儿童的尿EGF和尿视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)质量浓度,同时采用全自动特殊蛋白分析仪测定尿微量白蛋白(MA)质量浓度。结果(1)HSP患儿尿EGF质量浓度[(78.59±18.09)ng/mL]明显高于正常对照组[(29.30±13.92)ng/mL],差异有显著性(t值为13.64,P<0.01)。HSP各临床分型间比较发现紫癜肾型尿EGF质量浓度[(98.31±17.68)ng/mL]分别高于其它临床型:皮肤型[(78.76±12.66)ng/mL]、腹型[(77.16±11.77)ng/mL]、关节型[(76.49±17.45)ng/mL]、混合型[(77.71±13.49)ng/mL],差异均有显著性意义(P均<0.05),而其余各临床分型间比较差异无显著性(P均>0.05)。(2)HSP患儿尿MA质量浓度为(43.21±10.23)mg/L,明显高于正常对照组[(6.41±2.86)mg/L],两者比较差异有显著性(t′=25.91,P<0.01)。(3)HSP患儿尿RBP质量浓度为(46.8±20.9)ng/mL,明显高于正常对照组[(12.8±4.8)ng/mL],差异有显著性(t′=11.98,P<0.01)。(4)91例急性期受检患儿中尿常规异常者14例(15.38%),尿MA升高者37例(61.67%),尿RBP升高者45例(75%),尿MA和(或)RBP升高者51例(85%),尿EGF升高者84例(92.3%),尿EGF阳性率与文献报道肾活检的相仿。结论HSP患儿尿EGF、RBP、MA质量浓度均明显增高,EGF在HSP伴有肾损害者早期升高尤为明显,考虑EGF增高可能与HSP病理改变程度有关,因此,EGF增高可作为HSP早期肾损害的敏感指标之一。     

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??Abstract: Objective To analyze relationship between renal pathology and glomerular podocyte food processes fused in childhood Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis. Methods Renal pathological types of 72 children suffering from HSPN were reviewed during the period from January 1st 2008 to January 1st 2011 from Nanjing Command of Jingling Hospital. Pathological grading and immunofluorescence typing were analyzed. The information of podocyte food processes fused was showed by electron microscopy. Results Pathological findings were classified as ISKDC??the International Society of Kidney Disease in Children?? grade ??in 34 ??47.2%?? and grade?? in 38 ??52.8%??. Glomerular podocyte injury was classified by electron microscope as food processes of podocyte fused extensively in 21 cases??food processes of podocyte fused segmentally in 35 cases?? food processes of podocyte without fusion in 11cases.There was no renal glamorous in nephridial tissue by electron microscope in five cases. Conclusion The childhood HSPN is expressed with foot process of podocytes fused more extensively on electron microscope besides glomerular pathologic change. The more serious the degree of podocyte injury is??the more obvious the pathologic changeis.     

腹膜透析治疗小儿肾功能衰竭临床分析

目的 探讨腹膜透析对儿童肾功能衰竭治疗的效果.方法 对2003年6月至2008年4月应用腹膜透析治疗的11例急慢性肾功能衰竭患儿临床资料及随访结果 进行分析.结果 11例患儿无一例死亡,急性肾功能衰竭平均在院透析时间15.5 d,慢性肾功能衰竭平均在院透析时间22.8 d.治疗前后血尿素氮、肌酐分别由(34.03±8.44) mmol/L和(710.09±167.54) μmol/L降至(15.94±4.93) mmol/L和(233.87±92.71) μmol/L,差异有非常显著性(P＜0.01).血钠由(130.91±9.15) mmol/L升至(139.46±3.98) mmol/L,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).血碳酸氢根由(14.56±2.07) mmol/L升至(22.47±3.29) mmol/L,差异有非常显著性(P＜0.01).随访时间1个月至5年不等.5例急性肾功能衰竭患儿肾功能和尿常规均正常.1例慢性肾功能衰竭患儿规律透析后行肾移植,3例仍于院外透析中.结论 经济、实用、有效的腹膜透析辅以综合治疗可成为儿童急慢性肾功能衰竭较好替代治疗方法 .     

抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体与儿童风湿性疾病

目的探讨抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体(ANCA)与儿童风湿性疾病包括系统性红班狼疮(SLE)、过敏性紫癜(HSP)及混合性风湿性疾病(MRD)肾损伤的关系.方法采用间接免疫荧光法(IIF)和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测105例患儿于疾病急性期血清ANCA,检测并比较这些患儿肾损伤情况与ANCA的相关性.结果血清ANCA阳性率为SLE7/23(30.43%)、HSP15/64(23.44%)、MRD6/18(33.33%),其中核周型即P-ANCA18例(SLE5例、HSP9例、MRD4例);胞浆型即C-ANCA7例(SLE2例、HSP4例、MRD1例);未确定型即A-ANCA3例(HSP2例、MRD1例).比较患儿疾病急性期肾功能受损与血清ANCA水平的相关性,提示血清ANCA阳性患儿早期肾损伤率明显高于ANCA阴性患儿(P<0.05).结论本文提示ANCA可能对鉴别小儿风湿性疾病肾损伤具有重要意义,并可能成为该类疾病针对其肾损伤给予早期评价预后、选择积极治疗的重要免疫学血清指标.