Guest editorial. Introduction to the special section: 4G Health--the long-term evolution of m-Health

In the last decade, the seminal term and concept of "m-health" were first defined and introduced in this transactions as "mobile computing, medical sensor, and communications technologies for healthcare." Since that special section, the m-health concept has become one of the key technological domains that reflected the key advances in remote healthcare and e-health systems. The m-health is currently bringing together major academic research and industry disciplines worldwide to achieve innovative solutions in the areas of healthcare delivery and technology sectors. From the wireless communications perspective, the current decade is expected to bring the introduction of new wireless standards and network systems with true mobile broadband and fast internet access healthcare services. These will be developed around what is currently called the fourth-generation (4G) mobile communication systems. In this editorial paper, we will introduce the new and novel concept of 4G health that represents the long-term evolution of m-health since the introduction of the concept in 2004. The special section also presents a snapshot of the recent advances in these areas and addresses some of the challenges and future implementation issues from the evolved m-health perspective. It will also present some of the concepts that can go beyond the traditional "m-health ecosystem" of the existing systems. The contributions presented in this special section represent some of these developments and illustrate the multidisciplinary nature of this important and emerging healthcare delivery concept.     

Medical QoS provision based on reinforcement learning in ultrasound streaming over 3.5G wireless systems

The design of an efficient mobile healthcare system using 3.5G and 4G wireless networks is a challenging problem especially for bandwidth demanding telemedical applications. In this paper, we focus on the concept of medical Quality of Service (m-QoS) applied to a typical bandwidth demanding m-health application. Based on this concept, we propose a novel multiobjective rate-control mechanism for the optimized delivery of diagnostically acceptable ultrasound video images over 3.5G wireless networks. The performance of the proposed algorithm has been evaluated via both simulations and experimental studies. The proposed optimal rate control algorithm achieved performance improvements that are compatible with the medical QoS requirements.     

Performance evaluation of a protocol for packet radio network in mobile computer communications

The need to provide computer network access to mobile terminals and computer communications in the mobile environment has stimulated and motivated the current developments in this area. Packet radio technology has developed over the past decade in response to the need for real-time, interactive communications among mobile users and shared computer resources. In computer communication systems we have a great need for sharing expensive resources among a collection of high peak-to-average (i.e., bursty) users. Packet radio networks provide an effective way to interconnect fixed and mobile resources. The results of an attempt to study the performance of the mobile packet radio network for computer communications over degraded channels are presented. We develop a model under fading conditions and derive a protocol for evaluating the performance of the mobile packet radio network (MPRNET) in terms of the packet error rate, packet delay, throughput and average number of retransmitted packets per cycle. The analytical results are presented and numerical examples are given to illustrate the behavior of these performance criteria as a function of packet transmission rate, packets transmitted per cycle, packet size, and vehicle speed with the help of appropriate plots.     

Web browsing optimization over 2.5G and 3G: end‐to‐end mechanisms vs. usage of performance enhancing proxies

2.5 Generation (2.5G) and Third Generation (3G) cellular wireless networks allow mobile Internet access with bearers specifically designed for data communications. However, Internet protocols under‐utilize wireless wide area network (WWAN) link resources, mainly due to large round trip times (RTTs) and request‐‐reply protocol patterns. Web browsing is a popular service that suffers significant performance degradation over 2.5G and 3G. In this paper, we review and compare the two main approaches for improving web browsing performance over wireless links: (i) using adequate end‐to‐end parameters and mechanisms and (ii) interposing a performance enhancing proxy (PEP) between the wireless and wired parts. We conclude that PEPs are currently the only feasible way for significantly optimizing web browsing behavior over 2.5G and 3G. In addition, we evaluate the two main current commercial PEPs over live general packet radio service (GPRS) and universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) networks. The results show that PEPs can lead to near‐ideal web browsing performance in certain scenarios. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅析第三代移动通信传输网的解决方案

本文介绍了第三代移动通信(3G)的网络结构、网络接口,对3G网络接口进行了分析,提出了建设3G传输网的3种技术方案,介绍了传输网的现状,并对建设3G传输网提出了几点建议,最后总结出目前建设3G传输网的最佳方案为采用MSTP技术组网.     

基于 WCDMA的移动多媒体解决方案

3G系统的一个主要目的,就是在移动通信领域提供丰富的多媒体应用。为此各种3G标准均仔细研究并提供了相应的解决方案。文章简要介绍了3G系统的数据承载业务及多媒体应用两个方面的内容。     

Challenges in the Verification of Mobile <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ad Hoc</Emphasis> Networking Systems

Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) techniques are critical to the success of emerging modern warfare concepts and are required to support communications for mobile military platforms, including ships, aircrafts, and ground vehicles operating in a highly dynamic and mobile tactical communications network without fixed infrastructure. Research in Mobile Ad Hoc Networking has increased dramatically over the last few years with significant work in hardware architectures, media access and routing protocols. Until now, most of the work has been in simulation and small-scale laboratory demonstrations due to the significant resources required to implement an actual network with sufficient nodes to fully exercise the capabilities of both the hardware and software. There is significant need to develop testbeds to fully understand the behavior of ad hoc networks, performance under real-world application scenarios. This paper describes a testbed for a real system application exercised in an outdoor environment which approximates very closely the physical operational environment. The ad hoc network performance results include throughput and delay under conditions of mobility and foliage.     

3G手机VoIP话音的QoS实现技术研究

在对3G手机VoIP话音QoS的主要实现技术进行分析的基础上,提出了3G手机VoIP话音QoS新的实现技术。文中通过对实时传输控制协议（RTCP协议）的详细研究,同时根据3G系统无线信道的具体特点,说明了实时传输控制协议运用于3G手机VoIP话音的QoS控制中的缺陷,并阐述了相应的控制解决方法。在基于Android的3G智能手机的VoIP客户端软件中,综合运用VoIP话音QoS的主要成熟实现技术,同时结合文中提出的VoIP话音QoS的解决思路,实现了对VoIP话音的QoS的控制。基于Android的3G智能手机的VolP客户端软件通过在不同的网络环境条件下的测试,VoIP话音质量良好,说明文中提出的3G手机VoIP话音QoS新的实现技术具有一定的实用价值。     

基于3G通信的智能交通关键技术研究

通过将3G移动通信技术应用于智能交通指挥控制系统,并利用发展迅速的3G移动通信网组成3G无线局域网来传输各交通路口信号点的视频和控制信息,为智能交通指挥系统组网提供了一条新路。     

针对移动M2M业务的优化技术研究

传感器网络和移动通信网络相结合已经成为必然的趋势。但现有的3G、LTE移动通信系统的设计目标是人与人（H2H）通信,没有针对机器间（M2M）通信特点进行优化,难以适应M2M业务复杂的应用环境和海量的用户容量。文章针对移动M2M业务的优化技术进行了探讨。     

Interactive cellular and cordless video telephony: State-of-the-art system design principles and expected performance

Second-generation (2G) mobile radio standards have not been designed with video communications in mind, although the employment of error-resilient, constant-bit-rate proprietary video codecs over these systems is realistic. The third-generation (3G) systems are capable of providing higher rates and better communications integrity in support of video applications. This paper advocates the employment of burst-by-burst adaptive transceivers, which are capable of accommodating the time-variant channel quality fluctuation of wireless channels. This paper is concluded with a range of performance figures and system design guidelines for wireless systems.     

子网移动性管理及其性能优化研究

子网移动性管理的最终目标是移动网络中的所有节点郝可以通过一个永久的IP地址被访问,并且当移动网络的路由器改变接入点时,内部节点仍然可以保持连续的通信。但当前的移动性管理方案由于其基本协议的切换时延较大,丢包率较高而不能适应实时业务和移动通信的要求,需要对移动性管理策略进行改善。文中介绍一种基于SIP和SCTP协议的混合方法Hybrid—NEMO,解决基于MIPv6的NEMO所存在的问题。通过建立相应模型并进行仿真对比分析,该方案能够保证网络移动切换过程中零丢包率和可控制的时延抖动,完全可以实现网络无缝移动的有关性能指标,从而较好地解决了现有移动网络模型实现无缝移动过程中的不足。     

面向M2M的移动通信系统优化技术研究

传感器网络和移动通信网络相结合已经成为必然的趋势。但现有的3G,LTE移动通信系统的设计目标是人与人（H2H）通信,没有针对机器间（M2M）通信特点进行优化,难以适应M2M业务复杂的应用环境和海量的用户容量。本文对面向M2M业务的移动通信优化技术进行了探讨,同时对3GPP在M2M优化技术方面的研究工作做了简单介绍。     

通信人工智能的下一个十年

移动通信技术走过了37年的发展历程,人工智能技术也已走过了64年的发展历程。从早期的各自独立演进,到5G与人工智能开始深度融合发展,“5G与人工智能”已被业界视为一组最新的通用目的技术组合,对垂直行业的发展起到提振生产力与赋能的作用。首先介绍了早期移动通信和人工智能各自的发展路线,并重点回顾了人工智能与通信技术在3G到5G阶段开始融合发展。针对通信人工智能,详细阐述了当前人工智能技术在移动通信生态系统中各领域的发展情况,包括通信网络基础设施、网络管理与运营、电信业务管理、跨领域融合智能化、垂直行业与专网等,并总结了通信国际标准组织对人工智能技术在移动通信系统中的分级定义与演进路线。面向下一个十年,展望了通信人工智能未来的发展路线与演进趋势,并结合3GPP与ITU-R的5G/6G时间表,前瞻性探索了基于3GPP和O-RAN路线的网络智能化、基于体验感知与意图的网络管理与运营系统的发展、网络AI信令体系、面向智慧中台演进的电信业务与支撑体系、跨领域融合的智能化体验管理与策略管理、从SLA向ELA的演进以及面向垂直行业的智能专网等。最后建议行业达成共识,在下一个十年中全面加速推进人工智能在通信生态领域的发展。     

移动视频监控系统的设计与实现

提出一种基于3G无线网络平台实时传输MPEG-4流媒体的策略,结合移动视频监控系统,给出总体设计框图,并对嵌入式移动视频监控系统的软件设计进行了阐述.在3G网络平台上的运行表明,该系统能在带宽有限的情况下很好地工作.     

基于IMS的CDMA视频通信业务关键技术研究

IP多媒体系统（IMS,IP Multimedia Subsystem）是核心网的发展方向,视频通信（VT,Video Telephony）业务是移动网络3G时代的典型应用。针对视频通信业务需求,给出了基于IMS网络实现码分多址（CDMA,Code Division Multiple Access）网络VT业务的方法,并就业务现网实施过程中的关键问题进行了分析研究,提出了操作性较强的解决方案,为运营商部署相关业务提供了技术参考。     

移动通信的发展与展望

本文对移动通信的发展现状以及第三代移动通信WCDMA的最新进展进行了介绍,对3G以后的未来移动通信应支持的业务种类及网络价值链进行了分析,并探讨了未来移动通信可能采用的网络结构和组成形式。最后,对影响未来移动通信发展的关键技术和支撑技术进行了讨论。     

An efficient resource allocation to improve QoS of 5G slicing networks using general processor sharing‐based scheduling algorithm

Fifth generation (5G) slicing is an emerging technology for software‐defined networking/network function virtualization–enabled mobile networks. Improving the utilization and throughput to meet the quality of service (QoS) requirements of 5G slicing is very important for the operators of mobile networks. With growing data traffic from different applications of numerous smart mobile devices having several QoS requirements, we expect networks to face problems of congestion and overload that prevent the effective functioning of a radio access network (RAN). This paper proposes a more effective packet‐based scheduling scheme for data traffic by 5G slicing with two operation modes for improving the resource utilization of 5G cloud RAN and providing an efficient isolation of the 5G slices. These two operation modes are referred to as static sharing resource (SSR) scheme and dynamic sharing resources (DSR) scheme. The SSR scheme is a modified version of an existing method. The goal of this approach is to reallocate the shared available resources of 5G network fairly and maximize the utilization of bandwidth while protecting a 5G slice from overwhelming other 5G slices. Throughput and delays of the system model are also discussed to show its performance limits. On the basis of the simulation outcomes, we observed that the proposed DSR scheme outperforms the SSR scheme in terms of provided delay and throughput. In addition, the token bucket parameters together with the assigned capacity weight for each slice can be selected and configured based on the required QoS. Finally, a good estimate for the maximum delay bounds of the slices is provided by the derived theoretical delay bound.     

3G时代移动网络运营商的商业生态系统战略

 本文将商业生态系统的概念运用于移动通信产业,以帮助移动网络运营商制定其3G（第三代移动通信）时代的发展战略。文章首先根据商业生态系统的定义,分析了移动网络运营商的生态系统结构,指出运营商作为生态系统中的重要连接点,在战略上应定位为骨干型企业,并总结了骨干型企业战略的要点,最后对中国移动网络运营商的发展提出了建议。     

Business Ecosystem Strategies of Mobile Network Operators in the 3G Era

This paper applies the perspective of business ecosystem to mobile communications industry,trying to help mobile network operators improve their strategies in the era of the third generation mobile communications(3G).According to the definition of the business ecosystem,the ecosystem structure of mobile network operators is analyzed.As an important hub in the ecosystem,mobile network operators are advised to take a keystone strategy.The key points of the strategy are summarized.Finally,suggestions for Chine...