基于CATIA的月牙肋钢岔管三维设计

针对月牙肋岔管设计过程中存在着工作量大、精度和效率低等缺点,提出了基于CATIA软件的月牙肋钢岔管三维设计。依托工程常用软件CATIA的自身功能,结合月牙肋岔管设计过程——体型设计、结构计算及施工蓝图,形成一套较为完善的月牙肋岔管设计方法。同时根据实际工程,明确了CATIA软件在月牙肋岔管设计中的具体应用过程,并总结了基本的设计要点和应用技巧。结果表明:基于CATIA软件的月牙肋岔管三维设计是可行的,能显著提高工作效率和设计精度,应用效果良好,可以为更多的工程实践提供借鉴。     

月牙肋钢岔管自动化设计系统开发与应用

月牙肋钢岔管在国内外大中型常规和抽水蓄能电站中得到广泛的应用。为提高岔管设计效率和岔管优化程度,依据《水电站压力钢管设计规范》开发了月牙肋钢岔管自动化设计系统。该系统能够通过输入控制参数自动进行体形设计、解析法优化、有限元结构复核等体形设计和计算复核工作,并能自动生成钢岔管体形图、管节展开图和设计报告。经以西龙池抽水蓄能电站岔管段为例进行了验证表明,系统计算结果准确、可靠,具有推广价值。     

水电站多锥节平底月牙肋钢岔管设计

在传统月牙肋钢岔管体形设计基础上,提出了一种多锥节平底月牙肋钢岔管设计方案。该平底岔管结构由多个主锥管锥节、支锥管锥节和月牙肋组成。多锥节平底月牙肋钢岔管设计的难点是既要保证底部水平,又要保证轴线不在同一水平面的锥管两两相贯为平面曲线。在CATIA三维设计平台上,采用空间解析几何做图法,构建了多锥节平底月牙肋钢岔管三维模型,解决了锥管相贯为平面曲线的难题,并给出不对称月牙肋的体形。编制二次开发的程序实现了管节和月牙肋放样点的自动生成。多锥节平底月牙肋钢岔管已应用于老挝某工程岔管的方案设计,研究表明钢岔管应力分布均匀,且由于平底岔管在施工、排水和检修方面都优于传统岔管。     

基于知识工程模板的月牙肋岔管参数化设计

基于CATIA软件的知识工程技术,提出了月牙肋钢岔管的三维参数化设计方法。选取合适的定位条件,并通过建立参数关联实现用户输入参数与草图、三维模型之间的驱动关系,建立了通用的月牙肋岔管的设计模板。采用该模板可以快速确定月牙肋岔管多种设计方案,并导入有限元软件进行结构分析,获得最终设计方案。在三维模型上进行焊缝分缝设计后,借助曲面展开功能获得管节展开图,并自动生成控制点坐标表和材料表。该设计方法以建立模板为核心,整合了岔管参数化建模、有限元结构分析、焊缝分缝设计和绘制岔管展开图四大功能,满足了月牙肋岔管施工详图阶段的设计需求,在工程应用中显示了设计效率高的优点。     

地下埋藏式内加强月牙肋钢岔管设计方法研究

在总结对比水电站压力钢管设计规范85版和2001版有关埋藏式内加强月牙肋钢岔管设计方法的基础上,提出了一种埋藏式钢岔管的新的设计方法和原则.其设计步骤为:首先根据钢岔管与围岩联合承载原则,采用三维有限元计算方法确定钢岔管的体形、管壁厚度和肋板尺寸,然后对钢岔管按明管进行应力校核,同时对围岩承载比进行分析和复核.以某水电站为例进行的计算结果表明,该设计方法思路明确,计算精度高,在明显减小管壁厚度和肋板尺寸的前提下仍能确保岔管的安全.     

有限元程序描述语言开发的月牙肋内加强钢岔管有限元软件GCGFEM

主要介绍月牙肋内加强钢岔管有限元软件GCGFEM开发的一些基本情况,并用国内新近建成的某大型月牙肋内加强Y型钢岔管为分析模型,把该软件计算结果与理论分析计算结果、大型通用有限元分析软件SuperSAP计算结果等一一做了对比分析.     

龙背湾水电站月牙肋钢岔管优化设计

针对龙背湾水电站的设计条件,综合分析选择受力条件好、水流平顺、水头损失小的月牙肋钢岔管方案,对龙背湾水电站对称Y形月牙肋钢岔管的布置、体形优化设计、有限元计算成果等进行了详细的论述,对水电站同类月牙肋钢管设计有一定的参考价值。     

平底钢岔管体型设计与受力特性分析——以西藏德罗水电站为例

对称平底钢岔管各管节的管底在同一高程,钢管检修时,水体能自流排放,方便检修,但使用常规的解析方法对平底钢岔管进行体型设计较为困难,出图效率也较低。提出在CATIA中建立对称平底钢岔管的标准模板,以适应不同尺寸钢岔管的三维设计,并以德罗水电站中钢岔管为例,采用ANSYS程序对月牙肋钢岔管、平底月牙肋钢岔管及平底三梁钢岔管的受力特性进行分析。结果表明：3种形式的钢岔管均能满足受力要求,其中月牙肋岔管受力最优,但排水不便;平底钢岔管采用三梁进行加强后,加强梁与岔管管壁应力得到显著改善;平底钢岔管既能方便排水检修,也能满足受力要求,可在工程中推广应用。     

盖下坝水电站月牙肋钢岔管设计

盖下坝水电站非对称月牙肋钢岔管规模较大,是工程设计的关键。岔管体形和钢材厚度优化设计采用三维有限元方法计算,对钢岔管应力变形进行了深入研究。计算与实际运行成果表明:岔管设计体形良好,结构安全。     

龙马水电站月牙肋钢岔管设计

龙马水电站非对称月牙肋钢岔管规模较大,是工程设计的关键。围绕岔管体形和钢材厚度优选,以及围岩与钢衬联合受力等课题,采用三维有限元方法对钢岔管应力变形进行了深入研究。计算与实际运行成果表明:岔管设计体形良好、结构安全。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

浅谈天湖水电站水轮机运行故障及处理措施

简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式，分析其原因，提出了相应的处理方法及措施，并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。     

Fish assemblage response to recent mitigation of a channelized warmwater stream

Various designs of low‐head dams are used to rehabilitate streams or forestall upstream channel incision after channelization. We report on the efficacy of using notched sills and grade control structures (GCS) to restore the fish assemblage in Luxapallila Creek, Mississippi. We tested the null hypotheses that habitat variables and species richness, evenness, and assemblage structure would not differ among: (1) a channelized segment with no modifications; (2) a channelized segment mitigated by the installation of sills and GCS; (3) a segment upstream of the installations and undergoing channel incision; and (4) an unaltered segment. Although habitat variables changed, neither species richness, evenness, nor fish assemblage structure differed between mitigated and channelized segments with both exhibiting less richness and different assemblage structures than the unaltered segment. Lack of differences in species richness between the incised and unaltered segments suggest that the GCS may have halted the negative effects of upstream channel incision before species were extirpated. Conspicuous habitat differences between the altered (channelized and mitigated) and unaltered segments were lack of backwaters and canopy coverage and finer substrates in the altered segments. Our results suggest a more comprehensive rehabilitation strategy is required in Luxapallila Creek. Published in 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF WAVE EFFECTS ON SURFACE WIND STRESS AND SURFACE MIXING LENGTH BY THREE-DIMENSIONAL CIRCULATION MODELING

1. INTRODUCTION Coastal and continental shelf regions are characterized by intensive interaction between wave and current. These regions are of great economic significance to mankind. Therefore, the modeling of wave and current as well as their mutual int…