热处理工艺对含Nb中碳钢组织与力学性能的影响

研究不同的热处理工艺对含Nb中碳钢组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,铸态组织为针状铁素体+块状珠光体,热处理后组织为回火马氏体组织,经力学性能测试,其屈服强度可达490 MPa,抗拉强度可达840 MPa,断后伸长率达到23.0%,低温(-20℃)冲击功为19.7 J。     

激光熔覆再制造对TC4钛合金微观结构和冲击韧性的影响

采用激光熔覆技术,通过层层堆积TC4钛合金粉,对TC4钛合金板表面凹槽进行修复。采用光学显微镜表征了不同激光功率、扫描速度和搭接率下TC4钛合金熔覆件的微观结构。采用夏比冲击试验和数理统计方法,分析了激光熔覆再制造技术对TC4钛合金冲击韧性的影响。采用扫描电镜观测了夏比冲击试样的断口形貌。结果表明:激光修复区组织为粗大原始β晶粒内分布细长的α针及编织状α+β板条组织,呈现典型的魏氏结构;而热影响区主要由等轴的α晶粒和β转变组织组成,属于典型的双态结构。同TC4母材相比,激光熔覆再制造件的夏比冲击功提高了18.97%。     

焊前热处理对TC4-DT钛合金电子束焊接接头组织的影响

焊前首先对TC4-DT钛合金母材进行不同固溶处理,进而研究电子束焊接对接头显微组织的影响.结果显示,在炉冷条件下960℃固溶处理的母材为双态组织,晶粒细小,焊缝轮廓清晰,热影响区为等轴初生α相和针状马氏体α'相,焊缝为"网篮状"马氏体组织;经1018℃固溶处理的母材为魏氏组织,晶粒粗大,焊缝轮廓模糊,热影响区为板条状α相和针状马氏体α'相,焊缝柱状晶宽度增加;经960℃+1018℃固溶处理的母材,魏氏组织晶粒尺寸最大,焊缝柱状晶宽度也最大.固溶后空冷处理的母材α片层厚度小,热影响区α相也小,但焊缝区的马氏体α相变宽、变粗.     

TC4钛合金激光焊接头显微组织及断口分析

利用光学显微镜观察了TC4钛合金激光焊接头的显微组织,借助扫描电子显微镜对母材及接头拉伸断口进行了分析。结果表明:靠近熔合线处焊缝晶粒为粗大的柱状晶,晶内组织为针状马氏体α′;焊缝中心晶粒为粗大的等轴晶,晶内组织以小块状α+β、大块状α、层片状魏氏组织和α′为主;近焊缝热影响区组织为α+α′的"筐篮"状组织;过渡区组织由高温β转变形成的α相+少量针状α′+原始(α+β)构成;近母材热影响区组织由高温β转变形成的α相和原始(α+β)构成;母材拉伸断裂形式属于延性断裂,接头拉伸断裂形式属于脆性断裂,具有解理断裂的特征。     

厚壁TC4-DT钛合金电子束焊接接头的微观组织特征

对50mm厚壁TC4-DT钛合金进行焊接试验,通过对接头横截面进行光学显微组织分析和显微硬度测试,研究电子束焊接对该合金微观组织特征的影响。结果表明:TC4-DT钛合金母材显微组织为等轴状初生α相和层片状(α+β)所构成的典型双态组织。焊缝区的显微组织为网篮状马氏体组织α,,焊缝上部粗大的原始β柱状晶界明显,下部原始β晶粒尺寸较小且晶界不明显。热影响区显微组织可分为2个区域,近焊缝热影响区显微组织为少量等轴初生α+针状马氏体α,,近母材热影响区显微组织为等轴初生α+含针状α的转变β组织。2个区域的分界取决于焊接冷却过程的β转变温度。接头焊缝区和热影响区显微硬度偏高,近焊缝热影响区显微硬度达到峰值。另外,不同焊缝深度处显微硬度有差别:随着熔深位置增加,焊缝区的显微硬度呈递增趋势。     

热处理对TC4钛合金电子束焊接件组织性能的影响

对分别处于退火和固溶时效态的TC4钛合金进行电子束焊接,焊后采用不同的热处理工艺,利用光学显微镜(OM)及X射线衍射(XRD)的方法对这两种TC4焊接件的微观组织及相组成进行了分析,并进行力学性能试验.结果表明,两组试件母材组织均为α相和β相转变组织的机械混合物,但状态和分布不同;退火态试件的热影响区为粗而短的针状α相和少量初生α相,焊缝为单一板条α'马氏体,粗大且分布均匀,属于典型的网篮状组织,而固溶态试件热影响区中的针状α马氏体细小且分布不均;焊缝主要为粗大原始β晶粒内针状回火α'马氏体及晶界α相.这两组试件的抗拉强度及冲击韧度均高于母材,但退火态试件抗拉强度高于固溶态试件,冲击韧度略低于后者.     

TC4钛合金激光拼焊接头显微组织及力学性能分析

文中系统分析了TC4钛合金激光拼焊接头的显微组织与力学性能.结果表明,TC4钛合金激光焊缝组织为粗大的柱状晶,晶粒内部是针状马氏体交织成的网篮状组织;热影响区组织为α+β+针状α′组织,且分布不均匀,靠近熔合线的区域晶粒更粗大,针状马氏体数量更多分布更密集.0.8 mm厚TC4钛合金薄板拼焊工艺参数为焊接功率1100～1 300 W,焊接速度1.5～3.0 m/min.焊缝力学性能优良,拉伸试样均断裂于离焊缝中心较远的母材上,母材和焊缝断口形貌都显示韧窝断口特征,且焊缝断口韧窝相对更较小.     

TC4钛合金激光焊接头微观组织和硬度

采用光学显微镜和场发射扫描电镜观察了TC4钛合金激光焊接接头的显微组织,测量了接头焊缝中心到母材的显微硬度。结果表明,母材由α相和其相界上断续分布的粒状β相组成。焊接接头组织由粗大等轴晶区、柱状晶区、细等轴晶区和热影响区过热组织组成。粗大等轴晶区组织形态有层片状α+β、魏氏体α和网篮状α+β3种,其显微硬度略低于柱状晶区和细等轴晶区,但比母材高;柱状晶区和细等轴晶区组织为针状马氏体,柱状晶区显微硬度相对较高。热影响区显微硬度与母材相差不大。     

热处理对复合铸造高铬高碳钢/碳钢耐磨材料微观组织及力学性能的影响

采用液-固复合的方法制备铸态复合耐磨试验钢,且分别进行等温淬火和淬火-回火处理,利用扫描电镜、硬度计及冲击性能测试研究了不同的热处理对高铬高碳钢/碳钢复合铸造耐磨钢组织和性能的影响。利用JMatPro软件对试验钢不同温度下平衡相种类与含量进行了计算。结果表明,铸态高铬高碳钢/碳钢复合材料耐磨层的微观组织由网状碳化物和粒状珠光体组成;基体层为由粗大的奥氏体在较快冷速下形成的魏氏组织。等温淬火后试验钢耐磨层形成了网状碳化物+细粒状碳化物+奥氏体+铁素体的微观组织,基体层形成了块状铁素体与珠光体的微观组织;淬火-回火后试验钢耐磨层形成了网状碳化物+细粒状碳化物+马氏体的微观组织,基体层形成马氏体+上贝氏体的微观组织。经过等温淬火的试验钢耐磨层硬度为493 HBW,冲击吸收能量为2.6 J,基体层冲击吸收能量为79.2 J;经过淬火-回火的耐磨层硬度为629 HBW,冲击吸收能量为1.6 J,基体层的冲击吸收能量为20.0 J。考虑复合耐磨钢需要抵抗较高冲击载荷,880 ℃保温2 h空冷至320 ℃保温5.5 h的等温淬火为更优的热处理工艺。     

热处理对激光立体成形TC11钛合金组织的影响

通过对TC11钛合金激光立体成形件沉积态和热处理态组织进行对比研究,探索改善TC11钛合金激光立体成形组织,提高材料高温综合性能的途径.结果表明,TC11钛合金的沉积态组织由贯穿多个熔覆层粗大柱状晶和粗大等轴晶组成,原始柱状β-Ti晶内的微观组织是由条状α和残留β组成.沉积态试样在950 ℃热处理后组织为等轴α、条状α和β转变基体组成的近似三态组织,晶界α大部分破碎球化消失,部分未破碎的晶界上镶嵌有α集束.粗大β晶内等轴α的产生与亚晶有关.在970 ℃热处理后为网篮组织,等轴α较少,α板条有粗化趋势;在1030 ℃再结晶后再经950 ℃热处理的组织是由粗大α板条组成的魏氏组织,在α边界和α内部残留有大量细小β,晶界α基本没有破碎消失.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.