滦河三角洲砂坝—Xi湖海岸环境的遥感分析与区域开发潜力的评价

本文就不同类型Xi湖在不同时相条件下，对卫星遥感谱段响应的分析结果，将研究区的信息进行了提取与复合。继之，解译了封闭与半封闭Xi湖的发育进程和表观特征，并就七个Xi湖区段环境及至开发前景作了详细的阐述。     

长江中下游湖泊水体氧同位素组成

通过长江中下游45个湖泊不同季节水体δ18O分析,对湖泊水体演化过程进行了研究。结果表明,湖泊水体δ18O主要反映了湖泊水源变化及湖泊水体与长江洪水期/枯水期交替演变的特征关系。受江湖关系随季节变化影响,处于长江中下游中段安徽省境内的巢湖、石塘湖等湖泊各季节水体δ18O都相对较高,处于上段和下段的鄱阳湖群和太湖湖群湖泊水体δ18O相对较低。因此,长江中下游上段和下段湖泊水体交换受长江影响较大,中段较小。对不同季节湖泊水体δ18O比较分析表明,长江对湖泊水体的影响主要在夏季,秋、冬季节湖泊水体稳定。黄盖湖、大冶湖等湖泊夏、秋两季水体δ18O大幅度变化与长江的水位波动直接有关,在长江洪水期,湖泊与长江相连;在长江枯水期,湖泊与长江分离。玄武湖水体δ18O的大变幅是人为换水造成的。     

北部湾盆地海中凹陷流三段沉积相研究及其意义

以频率、连续性、振幅、几何形态为划分依据,将海中凹陷流三段划分为6类地震相。通过区域沉积背景研究,分析其可能发育的沉积相类型,并根据其自身的地震反射特征和浅层有井层段沉积相分析,进行了地震相到沉积相的转化。海中凹陷流三段发育的沉积相类型主要有辫状河-冲积平原、滨浅湖、辫状河三角洲、近岸水下扇和半深湖。研究的意义在于证实了海中凹陷流三段储集层发育,同时推测凹陷深处发育的半深湖和大面积分布的浅湖可能发育大套湖相烃源岩。     

滦河口段潮波的传播

一、前言潮波从大洋传入内海,潮振幅明显增加。这一潮波再进入河口区段,由于河口的地形不同,潮波的变化有很大的差异,如呈喇叭形状的河口段,由于地形效应,潮波能量逐渐集中,所以进入河口的潮波在传播过程中,振幅逐渐增大。而非喇叭形状的河口区,湖波进入河口段后,由于波能量耗散,湖波在向上游传播过程中,振幅逐渐减小。     

北部湾盆地海中凹陷流二段沉积体系及沉积模式

北部湾盆地北部涠西南凹陷多口钻井已获得高产油气流系列突破，其主力烃源岩层系为始新统流沙港组二段（流二段），但紧邻南侧的海中凹陷目前暂无商业油气发现。流二段既发育有深湖-半深湖相的烃源岩，同时在主力烃源岩段也发育有湖底扇储层，因此，研究海中凹陷潜在生烃层系（烃源岩、湖底扇储层）沉积体系发育规律对今后勘探开发具有指导意义。以高精度三维地震资料及测井资料为基础，通过岩芯相、测井相、地震相、地震属性的综合分析，探讨流二段沉积体系发育规律，建立沉积模式。研究表明：流二段主要发育滨浅湖、深湖-半深湖、湖底扇及辫状河三角洲4种沉积体系类型；在北陡南缓的半地堑构造样式控制下，北部陡坡带及洼槽带发育深湖-半深湖相，同时接受北部、东部2个物源方向的供源，分别在西洼、东洼发育湖底扇相，南部缓坡带发育滨浅湖及辫状河三角洲相。海中凹陷流二段好烃源岩主要发育在初始湖泛面层序位置（ts），湖底扇主要发育在湖泊扩张体系域内（TST），反映了在断陷湖盆背景下，构造沉降因素控制烃源岩发育程度强于湖平面变化因素。研究可为半地堑型断陷湖盆深湖-半深湖相烃源岩与湖底扇储层发育层序位置及共生模式的建立提供参考。     

广东博贺溻湖潮滩的冲淤变化及其动力作用分析

基于遥感技术,对反映17a来博贺泻湖的5景遥感影像定量反演潮滩水边线,在此基础上推算漓湖潮滩的沉积与冲刷速率,同时对引起潮滩变化的动力作用进行探讨,结果表明博贺漓湖的潮滩以淤展为主,其中处于开敞地段的痛湖潮滩出现冲刷,遮蔽岸段的漓湖潮滩淤积,控制渴湖潮滩变化的主要因子是包括圈围潮滩成盐田、虾池以及鱼塘等的人类活动。     

不同方式的纳潮量计算比较——以胶州湾2006年秋季小潮为例

以胶州湾为例,分别通过纳潮量常用算法和走航ADCP直接测流资料计算了2006年秋季小湖期间3个不同潮对段的纳湖量.结果表明,根据纳潮量常用算法得到的纳潮量变化范围大干采用测流资料计算得到的纳潮量范围.在平均意义上,两种算法的平均值分别为6.303×108m3和6.480×108m3,仅相差O.177×108m3.这既验证了通过海流计算纳潮量的精确性,也体现了通过纳潮量算法计算纳潮量在平均意义上的有效性.     

歧口凹陷古近纪沉积体系特征

根据歧口凹陷地震剖面的不整合特征等,将古近纪划分为3个二级层序。沙三三段—沙三二段层序:歧口凹陷强烈断陷期,湖盆扩张,气候湿润,普遍发育半深湖深湖泥岩;沙三一段—沙一中段层序:沙三一段基底抬升,地层遭受剥蚀,沙二段时断陷活动减弱,湖水减退,沉积范围减少,沙一段中、下段沉积范围有进一步扩大,该期是重要沉积期;沙一上段—东营组层序:在继承了沙一中、下段的地层沉积之后,东营组早期沉积时期较为稳定,整体沉降较弱,晚期基底整体抬升,遭受剥蚀。     

雷州半岛田洋玛珥湖湿地沉积证据及古环境意义

田洋玛珥湖位于我国雷州半岛东南部,是一个已经消亡的古玛珥湖。通过对位于古玛珥湖中心部位、具有完整而连续沉积的TY-2井岩心的仔细观察,认为该岩心38.23 m以上层段属于湿地沉积序列,并揭示了我国华南热带地区50 kaBP以来经历了3期主要气候变化,相对着温暖的玉木冰期中期、寒冷的玉木冰期后期和温暖湿润的冰后期。这些气候变化与日本琵琶湖、加勒比海和南海北部具有较好的可比性。     

环太湖河道污染物负荷量的初步研究

根据１９８７－１９８８年环太湖河道水质，水量实测资料以及环湖主要河道的流量和水质的历史资料，结合平原水网地区的水情特征，提出了环太湖河道污染物负荷量的计算方法，并分析探讨了不同设计水情下环太湖河道污染物负荷量及其时空变化。结果表明，污染物负荷量与水情关系密切，枯水年的河道入湖污染物负荷量大于丰水年。环湖２２条主要河道的入湖污染物负荷量占全部河道入湖总量的７２％－９１％，且不同污染物入湖负荷量的分布     

1979-2010年我国大陆海岸潟湖变迁的多时相遥感分析

潟湖是重要的海岸湿地类型,具有丰富的自然资源和独特的生态功能。近几十年来,我国的海岸潟湖遭到了极大破坏,因此,开展我国海岸潟湖遥感监测与分析具有重要意义。本文根据1979年、1990年、2000年和2010年的4期共102景多时相遥感影像数据,利用遥感和地理信息系统等技术方法对我国大陆海岸潟湖进行了遥感监测,首次调查统计了我国大陆海岸潟湖的名称、数量、分布、岸线长度和面积信息,并对近31年来我国大陆海岸潟湖的变迁状况进行了分析。结果表明,1979年我国大陆海岸潟湖共计251个,近31年,共消失19个潟湖,其中辽宁省消失15个,广东省消失3个,广西壮族自治区消失1个;1979年我国大陆海岸潟湖岸线总长度为2 692.26km,总面积为1 092.805 5km2,至2010年我国大陆海岸潟湖岸线总长度共减少337.80km,潟湖总面积共减少204.103km2;31年间,我国大陆海岸潟湖的岸线长度和潟湖面积总体均处在持续减少的状态,各省(自治区)也基本符合该规律;1979-2010年间,我国大陆海岸潟湖大部分处在老年期,死亡期潟湖消失19个。     

海南东部沿岸河流和潟湖中溶存甲烷的分布及通量

甲烷(CH4)作为大气中重要的温室气体,直接或间接地影响全球气候变化。于2009年3月27日至4月15日对海南东部河流(文昌河、文教河、万泉河)、潟湖(八门湾、博鳌、小海和老爷海)等进行了调查,采集了表层和部分底层水样,对溶解CH4浓度进行了测定并初步估算了其水-气交换通量。结果表明,文昌河、文教河受人为活动影响较大,表层CH4饱和度较高,分别为(60664±25118)%、(38582±26339)%,污水输入、红树林输入和现场产生是其CH4的主要来源。万泉河表层CH4饱和度为(9472±5594)%,现场产生是其水体溶存CH4的主要源。八门湾、博鳌、小海和老爷海潟湖表层水体溶存CH4均处于过饱和状态,但其饱和度远小于入湖河流,分别为(2471±2937)%、(5692±3435)%、(546±251)%和(6878±4635)%,其中河流输入、地下水和红树林间隙水输入、现场产生是潟湖中CH4的主要来源,水体中CH4的氧化和水-气交换是潟湖中CH4的主要汇。初步估算出文昌河和万泉河CH4的水-气交换通量分别为5967.0±5142.1和496.2±335.9μmol·m 2·d 1,八门湾、博鳌、小海和老爷海潟湖的水-气交换通量分别为528.7±625.0、441.7±473.3、26.6±21.6和1287.8±1453.3μmol·m 2·d 1。海南东部河流、潟湖是近岸水体及大气CH4的净源。     

On an extremely dense bloom of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense in lagoons of the PO river delta: Impact on the environment

An extremely dense bloom of the potentially toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense was observed in the lagoons of Cà Pisani (Veneto, Italy) in summer 1993. The lagoons were experiencing a significant eutrophication impact, receiving waste waters from intensive fish culture plants. During their bloom dinoflagellates in the lagoons reached densities of 2 to 4 × 10⁶ cells·dm⁻³ and a biomass of over 100 g·m⁻³. The bloom produced drastic ecological changes in the lagoons. It caused nocturnal anoxia, mortality of macrophytes and the build-up of labile organic matter in the water column. Grazing by the tintinnid Favella sp. contributed to the termination of the bloom of the flagellates. The results show that coastal aqua culture probably stimulates dinoflagellate blooms in shallow brackish lagoons.     

Consistency of temporal and habitat-related differences among assemblages of fish in coastal lagoons

The consistency of habitat-related differences in coastal lagoon fish assemblages was assessed across different spatial and temporal scales. Multimesh gillnets were used to sample assemblages of fish on a monthly basis for 1-year in three habitats (shallow seagrass, shallow bare and deep substrata) at two locations (>1 km apart), in each of two coastal lagoons (approximately 500 km apart), in southeastern Australia. A total of 48 species was sampled with 34 species occurring in both lagoons and in all three habitats; species caught in only one lagoon or habitat occurred in low numbers. Ten species dominated assemblages and accounted for more than 83% of all individuals sampled. In both lagoons, assemblages in the deep habitat consistently differed to those in the shallow strata (regardless of habitat). Several species were caught more frequently or in larger numbers in the deep habitat. Assemblages in the two shallow habitats did not differ consistently and were dominated by the same species and sizes of fish, possibly due to habitat heterogeneity and the scale and method of sampling. Within each lagoon, very few between location differences in assemblages within each habitat were observed. Consistent differences in assemblages were detected between lagoons for the shallow bare and deep habitats, indicating there were some intrinsic differences in ichthyofauna between lagoons. Assemblages in spring differed to those in summer, which differed to those in winter for the shallow bare habitat in both lagoons, and the deep habitat in only one lagoon. Fish-habitat relationships are complex and differences in the fish fauna between habitats were often temporally inconsistent. This study highlights the need for greater testing of habitat relationships in space and time to assess the generality of observations and to identify the processes responsible for structuring assemblages.     

The influence of weather on the recreational uses of coastal lagoons in Rhode Island,USA

The recreational uses of coastal lagoons (also known locally as salt ponds) contribute significantly to the important tourism economy of the southern part of the US state of Rhode Island. The lagoons are valued highly for the wide range of recreational services they provide, such as fishing, clamming, rowing, boating, or merely relaxing. Outdoors on or near the water, weather conditions may influence individual recreation decisions strongly. A changing climate is expected to affect weather conditions in Rhode Island, thereby potentially influencing when, how, and how much recreation will take place in the coastal areas of the state. Through direct observations of human activities on coastal lagoons, the sensitivity of coastal recreational uses to changes in weather conditions was assessed. If future changes in climate bring warmer temperatures and more intense wind and rain events, our results suggest that there may be a decrease in relaxing, rowing, and fishing on coastal lagoons when days are hotter and a decrease in rowing and fishing when days are windier. Nevertheless, warmer temperatures also may lengthen the summers, leading to an overall increase in the peak coastal recreation season. However, during the hottest periods, there may be a shift toward more motor boating and away from other uses, motor boaters were more resistant than other users to changes when temperatures increase. Understanding how weather and climate influence coastal recreation could help coastal managers and businesses better plan for the future in Rhode Island and other coastal environments worldwide.     

Long-term water monitoring in two Mediterranean lagoons as an indicator of land-use changes and intense precipitation events (Adra,Southeastern Spain)

During recent historical times the Adra river delta, a detrital coastal aquifer of nearly 32 km² located in a semi-arid, mountainous area of SE Spain, has undergone different changes caused by human activity. Within this context, both the river dynamics in the plain and the geomorphology of the coastline have at various times resulted in the formation of small lagoons. At present only two small (<0.5 km²) lagoons exist, at the eastern edge of the aquifer, which, although closely surrounded by commercial market-garden greenhouses, are protected under international agreements. During the last 30 years of the twentieth century traditional agricultural irrigation techniques have undergone significant changes to improve their efficiency. Surface-water resources in the Adra river basin are regulated via the Beninar reservoir. In addition, the use of groundwater is increasing progressively. Both these factors affect the recharge of the coastal aquifer. To monitor these changes measurements of electrical conductivity and water level fluctuations have been recorded in these lagoons for the last 35 years (1975–2010). A comparison of the hydrochemical characteristics of the water in the lagoons and of the surrounding groundwater from 2003 to 2010 shows marked differences induced by the different hydrological dynamics in each lagoon, as well as by the hydrogeological impact of changes in land use in the delta. The increase in water demand is a consequence of the extension of irrigated areas from the fluvio-deltaic plain to its slopes, originally occupied by unirrigated crops. A reduction in irrigation return-flow is linked to the use of new irrigation techniques. These modifications affect both the recharge regime of the aquifer and its water quality. Moreover, extreme precipitation events, which are characteristic of Mediterranean semi-arid environments, can affect the lagoons’ hydrological dynamics to a considerable extent. One such example is the unusually rainy period from January to March 2010 (>600 mm). This event, along with other effects, has dramatically lowered the salinity of the water in both lagoons. This case study reveals the extreme vulnerability of deltaic environments and also how lagoons can reflect anthropogenic changes over the whole river basin.     

泻湖沉积环境——山东半岛为例

本文以山东半岛为例,系统地探讨了泻湖特征性的沉积环境——湖、海水的频繁交换,盐度多变,浅水低能和多物源。为泻湖的开发利用提供有益资料。     

Temporal Variations of Nutrients, ­Chlorophyll a and Particulate Matter in Three Coastal Lagoons of Amvrakikos Gulf (Ionian Sea, Greece)

Abstract. The temporal variations of nutrients, chlorophyll a (chl a ), suspended particulate matter (SPM) and particulate organic carbon (POC) were measured over 12 months in three shallow coastal brackish water lagoons of the Amvrakikos Gulf, Ionian Sea. Two of the lagoons, Tsoukalio and Rodia, are interconnected but separated from Logarou by a narrow strip of land. Logarou has a better water exchange with the sea as indicated by the higher salinity and dissolved oxygen concentrations and the smaller variation of the above-mentioned parameters. Nitrate concentrations were largely the same in the three lagoons and higher than in the Amvrakikos Gulf. Phosphate concentrations in Logarou exceeded by far those of Tsoukalio/Rodia; the increased phosphate levels recorded in January caused an extended phytoplankton bloom with chl a concentrations higher than in the other two lagoons. Chl a in Tsoukalio was positively correlated with nitrate whereas in the most shallow lagoon, Logarou, it showed a positive correlation with light winds (force 4 and lower), probably caused by resuspension from the sediment. Increased phytoplankton biomass in Logarou coupled with the better water exchange may be related to the higher fish production in this lagoon.     

山东半岛沿岸泻湖粘土矿物及其来源

对山东半岛沿岸7个泻湖的表层沉积物中的细颗粒成分中的粘土矿物进行了定性和半定量分析，并描述了矿物特征，发现粘土矿物的百分含量判别很大，其中蒙皂石的含量在地域上由西向东规则递减。泻湖与海水的交换状况对粘土组分有相当的影响，不久前封闭的泻湖的粘土矿物成分与未封闭的泻湖不同，显示了物源、物源成分的搬运距离及水体交换等因素的明显影响，表明了泻湖沉积物与环境动力及物源有密切关系。     

Nutrients and zooplankton composition and dynamics in relation to the hydrological pattern in a confined Mediterranean salt marsh (NE Iberian Peninsula)

The role of the hydrological regime in the nutrients and zooplankton composition and dynamics has been analysed in five lagoons of La Pletera salt marshes (NE Iberian Peninsula) during a complete hydrological cycle (2002–2003). Two of the lagoons have their origin in the old river mouths while the other three were recently created in the framework of a Life Restoration project. This fact has also allowed us to study the effect of the lagoon age on nutrient and zooplankton composition and dynamics. The salt marsh hydrology is determined by a prolonged period of confinement without water inputs, irregularly interrupted by sudden water inputs due to flooding events (sea storms or intense rainfalls). While the dynamics of oxidized nitrogen compounds in the lagoons depends on the water inputs variability within each hydrological cycle, the internal load of phosphorus, total nitrogen and organic matter is related more to the cumulative mechanisms during the confinement periods. Accumulation processes may be easily related to lagoon age, since old lagoons have higher content of nutrients and organic matter, suggesting that these lagoons progressively accumulate nutrients during the successive confinement events. This is the usual case for most Mediterranean salt marshes without an artificially manipulated water regime. The zooplankton community in La Pletera integrates the effects of both the hydrological regime and the lagoon age since the former determines the temporal pattern of the main zooplankton species and the latter explains differences in composition and structure between old and new lagoons.