钯晶种镍纳米颗粒的制备和表征

寻求镍纳米颗粒制备的有效方法及反应条件．以钯纳米颗粒为晶种制备出了镍纳米颗粒，并对影响镍纳米颗粒制备的各种因素即温度、浓度、PVP、Pd和水合肼等进行了探索．结果表明：当摩尔比npd：nNi2＋=1：40时，反应时间仅用20min．npvp：nNi^2＋=40：1时，PVP对镍纳米胶体的稳定效果最好，14d之内不会聚沉，镍纳米颗粒的平均粒径约13nm，远小于不用钯纳米颗粒为晶种所制得的镍纳米颗粒粒径（约40nm）．以紫外一可见光谱表征反应进程，TEM表征经无水乙醇稀释后的胶体形貌，XPS表征元素化合价以及XRD表征其晶形．     

不同形貌纳米镍的制备及其对Suzuki-Miyaura反应催化性能的影响

采用液相化学还原法,使用Ni(CH3COO)2·4H2O作为前驱体,以N2H4·H2O或者NaBH4为还原剂,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)或者十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)为修饰剂,乙二醇为溶剂,在加热条件下,可得到链状、花状和球状形貌的纳米镍.所制得的纳米镍微粒对Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应表现出很高的催化活性,通过对不同形貌纳米镍催化性能的研究,进一步证明纳米催化剂的催化性能与其形貌密切相关.纳米镍形貌与结构通过Transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray powder diffraction(XRD)等手段进行了表征,Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应的产物通过1HNMR,13CNMR,MS进行了表征.     

直接沉淀法纳米氧化锌的制备及表征

以ZnCl2.2H2O和无水(NH4)2CO3为原料,采用直接沉淀法制备了纳米氧化锌.TG-DTG-DTA、IR分析结果表明,前驱体为碱式碳酸锌[Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2].前驱体经300℃煅烧1 h、2 h、3 h后分别得到粒径不同的纳米氧化锌.用XRD、TEM和BET等进行表征,300℃煅烧2 h得到的纳米氧化锌的最小粒径约为8 nm,最大约为15 nm,平均粒径约为12 nm,比表面积为80.56 m2/g,纯度达99.9%以上,结果较为满意.     

液相还原法制备纳米Cu-Ni合金粉末

在液相水合联氨还原法工艺基础上,通过改进工艺,制备出平均粒径为90 nm、黑色无定形的纳米级Cu-Ni合金,研究了该工艺优化的还原反应条件:反应体系温度70℃,还原剂浓度[N2H4.H2O]=3.00 mol/L,反应物浓度[CuSO4]=1.50 mol/L,[NiSO4]=1.50 mol/L,反应的pH=8.00.     

Ni/Al2O3石蜡加氢精制催化剂的研制与表征

采用化学分析正电子湮没谱(PA SCA),氨吸附-程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD),电子能谱(XPS),X光衍射(XRD)和低温氮物理吸附(BET)等技术,研究了A l2O3载体及N i/A l2O3石蜡加氢精制催化剂的制备过程和条件。研究表明:在制备A l2O3过程中加入淀粉及H3PO4,可以在相对低的焙烧温度下制备出大孔径的A l2O3,该A l2O3表面只含有弱酸中心和少量中等强度酸中心。再以含镍化合物溶液浸渍该A l2O3载体,制备出N i/A l2O3催化剂。实验考察了焙烧温度对镍在催化剂表面上分散的影响,发现在450°C的焙烧条件下,N i/A l2O3催化剂表面上形成了非晶态或无定型态金属镍。小型反应活性评价结果表明,该催化剂具有优良的石蜡加氢精制性能,还兼有脱除石蜡原料中含金属化合物的能力。     

铁酸镧超细粉末的制备

以La(NO3)3·6H2O、(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2和Fe2O3为原料,运用正交实验法确定最优实验条件,利用固-液界面法制备稀土铁酸盐超细粉末———铁酸镧.对产物进行部分物理测试,分别测定其全铁、亚铁离子含量,用扫描电子显微镜测定其形貌和粒径.结果表明,产物为均匀的圆球状纳米微粒,平均粒径76.0nm,反应中没有经过中间化合物,而是在固液界面上进行的.     

微波辅助加热层状液晶模板法制备钯纳米粒子

将微波加热法引入到液晶模板中, 探索微波辅助加热层状液晶模板法制备钯纳米粒子, 利用透射电镜和X-射线粉末衍射对产物进行表征. 微波加热下, 在Tween-80/n-C10H21OH/H2O形成的液晶模板体系中成功制备了分布均匀的钯金属纳米粒子, 大大缩短了反应时间; 改变反应物浓度和加热时间可将钯纳米粒子的粒径控制在3-6 nm.     

不同络合剂对Pd/MWCNTs催化剂的甲酸电催化氧化性能影响

以添加Na2CO3和NH3.H2O为络合剂的微波多元醇法制备碳纳米管载Pd催化剂(Pd/MWCNTs),并考察了络合剂对催化剂甲酸电催化氧化性能的影响。结果表明,NH3.H2O络合剂制备的Pd/MWCNTs催化剂,其Pd晶粒平均粒径最小(5.2 nm),对甲酸氧化的催化活性和稳定性最好。NH3.H2O与PdCl2能形成络合物,可能会促进微波合成中碳纳米管上形成均匀分散且较小粒径的Pd粒子,因此提高了催化剂的甲酸氧化催化性能。     

SDS-PEG软模板法制备纳米硒球

以十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)-聚乙二醇(PEG)组成的项链状软物质团簇为可调控性模板,在水溶液中采用水合肼(N2H4.H2O)还原亚硒酸(H2SeO3)制备纳米硒球。XRD结果表明,所得红色还原产物为无定形的纳米硒球;DSC测得产物纳米硒球的熔融温度为221℃。在一定范围内改变SDS浓度,可以影响制备得到纳米硒球的粒径,TEM结果显示,增加SDS浓度可以使体系中产物的平均粒径由35 nm增大到85 nm;UV-Vis光谱显示,吸收强度随着还原产物平均粒径增大而下降,同时伴随着一定程度的红移。     

均匀沉淀法制备纳米氧化镍的研究

文中采用Ni(NO3)2·6H2O为主要原料,CO(NH2)2为沉淀剂制备了球片状纳米NiO粒子,并研究了反应物料配比、反应温度以及煅烧温度等条件对产品粒径和产率的影响.采用热重-差热(TG-DTA)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、电子衍射(ED)、X射线衍射(XRD)等分析手段对产物性能进行了表征.结果表明中间产物从320℃开始分解;粒子形貌基本呈球状,平均粒径15 nm左右,分散性良好;制得的纳米NiO粒子结晶性完好,属纯度较高的立方晶系结构,晶型完整.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to