用于水性防锈涂料的交联苯丙乳液的合成及应用

合成了含有缩水甘油基、羧基和氨基的二层核壳结构的交联苯丙乳液，研究了中间层厚度、官能团单体用量对乳液性能及其涂膜性能的影响，当中间层投料量为核壳层的50％，官能团单体甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（GMA）、甲基丙烯酸（MAA）和甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯（DMEMA）分别为各层投料量的3％、1．5％和3％时，乳液有最佳的综合性能。用该乳液制备的水性防锈涂料与普通苯丙乳液相比具有更好的防锈性能，涂膜耐3％盐水浸泡时间达624h。     

防锈涂料用磷酸酯单体改性丙烯酸树脂的合成与性能研究

以苯乙烯、丙烯酸丁酯等为主要共聚单体,磷酸酯单体MAP、GMA、MAA为功能单体,DAAM/ADH为交联单体,采用种子乳液半连续聚合法,制备核壳结构的磷酸酯单体改性丙烯酸树脂。考察了乳化剂的种类与配比、磷酸酯单体的用量、交联单体的用量对乳液及涂膜性能的影响。确定了乳化剂的最佳用量为0.8%,磷酸酯功能单体用量为2%,交联单体用量为2%,甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯的用量为1.5%,制得的苯丙乳液在马口铁上硬度达到1 H、附着力0级、耐盐水性能达到400 h。通过加入防闪锈剂,解决了苯丙乳液初期的闪锈问题,同时对耐盐水性也有所提高。     

环氧改性含磷苯丙防锈乳液的合成

采用常规乳液聚合方法,以环氧树脂改性含有磷酸酯功能单体的苯丙乳液来制备水性防锈乳液。苯乙烯(St)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)等为共聚单体,引入环氧树脂及具有抗闪蚀功能的磷酸酯功能单体,考察了乳化剂、引发剂、环氧树脂、磷酸酯单体不同用量对乳液及其漆膜的影响,并对乳液的粒径、固含量及漆膜的耐盐水性、附着力等性能进行测试,逐步优化聚合工艺来合成具有高效防锈的新型环氧防锈乳液。研究表明,乳化剂用量、引发剂用量、环氧树脂用量、磷酸酯单体用量分别为单体总量的1.5%、0.6%、7%、3%时,可制得性能较好的水性环氧改性含磷苯丙防锈乳液。     

有机硅改性含磷苯丙防锈乳液的合成与性能研究

以丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、苯乙烯(St)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为主单体,甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、衣康酸单丁酯、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺为交联单体,磷酸酯PAM-100为功能单体,硅烷偶联剂KH-570为改性剂合成了防锈苯丙乳液。研究了乳化剂的选择以及用量、软硬单体比例、磷酸酯的用量及加入方式、有机硅的添加量对乳液及涂膜性能的影响。结果表明,n(BA)∶n(St+MMA)=1∶1.75,SR~10/DNS-458为乳化剂,用量为单体质量分数的0.8%~1.0%,延后方式滴加质量分数3%的磷酸酯,KH-570质量分数1%时,乳液性能稳定,凝胶率小,涂膜硬度和耐水性良好,3%的中性盐水中浸泡360 h,漆膜无明显起泡生锈现象,与普通商品苯丙乳液相比,具有优异的防锈性能。     

环氧改性苯丙乳液的制备与性能研究

采用半连续种子乳液聚合法制得环氧改性苯丙乳液。研究了环氧树脂、功能单体、引发剂、乳化剂用量对乳液性能的影响。结果表明：环氧树脂用量为单体总量的9％,丙烯酸用量为单体总量2％,硅烷偶联剂A151用量为单体总量的1．5％,引发剂用量为单体总量的0．5％,乳化剂用量为单体总量4％的时得到的乳液具有优良的综合性能。     

磷酸酯功能单体对苯丙乳液及其水性涂料性能的影响

为考察磷酸酯表面活性剂的防锈性能及其对水性涂料性能的影响．对自制的普通苯丙乳液、功能苯丙乳液及其水性涂料进行了红外光谱、DSC、附着力、钙离子稳定性、防锈性和耐盐水性的分析。结果表明，磷酸酯共聚到聚合物乳液中形成了磷酸酯功能苯丙乳液；磷酸酯功能单体能显著提高功能性苯丙乳液乳胶膜对金属基材的附着力，功能乳液的防锈性能优于自制的普通苯丙乳液和目前市面上的专用防锈乳液的防锈性能，并可勺水性涂料中的防锈颜料复合磷酸锌发生协同作用，大大提高水性防锈涂料涂膜的防锈性能。     

水性含氟耐候防锈涂料的制备及应用

采用核壳乳液聚合法,并加入磷酸酯功能单体(PAM-100),制备了氟单体用量为5%的含氟丙烯酸酯聚合物乳液。分析了含氟单体、乳化剂、磷酸酯功能单体等因素对乳液合成的影响。用合成的乳液配制了水性防锈涂料,并对其性能进行测试。     

金属防腐漆用双重自交联丙烯酸乳液的制备及其性能研究

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和丙烯酸2-乙基乙酯(2-EHA)为主单体,甲基丙烯酸(MAA)、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷(A-151)、双丙酮丙烯酰胺(DAAM)和己二酸二酰肼(ADH)的酰肼交联体系以及丙烯酸磷酸酯(PAM-100)为功能单体,采用反应型乳化剂SE-10N,通过预乳化乳液聚合工艺合成了金属防腐漆用双重自交联丙烯酸酯乳液。考察了乳液Tg、MAA、SE-10N、A-151、DAAM/ADH和PAM-100对乳液及其金属防腐漆涂膜的影响。结果表明:当乳液设计Tg为30℃、MAA用量为单体总量的3%、反应型乳化剂SE-10N用量为单体总量的2.5%、A-151用量为单体总量的2%、DAAM用量为单体总量的2%、PAM-100用量为单体总量的3%时,所制备的自交联丙烯酸酯乳液配制成的金属防腐涂料,具有附着力好、耐盐水、耐酸碱、耐盐雾等特点。     

无皂苯丙防锈乳液的合成研究

以苯乙烯(St)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为主要单体,甲基丙烯酸(MAA)、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷(A-151)为交联单体合成了无皂苯丙乳液。研究了反应型乳化剂的种类及用量、交联单体的用量对乳液及涂膜性能的影响。确定反应型乳化剂的最佳用量为单体总量的3%。试验发现:当甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯与甲基丙烯酸的用量分别为单体总量的3%和3%时,二者可进行交联,能提高苯丙乳液的交联度和致密性。通过加入缓蚀剂PD-star-102,解决了苯丙乳液初期的闪锈问题,同时对涂膜的耐盐水性能有所提高。     

自磷化苯丙防锈乳液的合成及性能研究

采用反应型乳化剂,通过半连续法乳液聚合制得自磷化苯丙防锈乳液,研究了硬单体比例以及磷酸酯丙烯酸酯用量对苯丙乳液以及涂膜性能的影响,并采用FT-IR、Tafel、TG和粒径分析进行了表征。结果表明:所制备的乳液反应体系稳定,乳液平均粒径为90 nm,粒径分布均匀;当苯乙烯与甲基丙烯酸甲酯的质量比为3∶1、磷酸酯丙烯酸酯用量为单体总质量的4%时,制备的苯丙乳液稳定,形成的涂膜具有良好的力学性能和耐腐蚀性。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.