氯霉素类药物的高效液相色谱手性分离研究

利用Pirkle型(S,S)-Whelk-01手性柱对合霉素、甲砜霉素、氟甲砜霉素进行了对映体分离研究。考察了在正己烷流动相中醇类添加剂种类及浓度对其手性分离的影响,并采用液相色谱／质谱联用法对甲砜霉素的两个异构体峰进行了确证。结果表明：当异丙醇和叔丁醇为醇类添加剂时,合霉素和甲砜霉素获得较大分离因子,而使得氟甲砜霉素获得较大分离因子的是乙醇。合霉素在流动相为正己烷／乙醇=97：3时获得最大分离度是1．89;在正己烷／乙醇=90：10时,甲砜霉素、氟甲砜霉素都获得了很好的分离,最佳分离度R8分别达到1．84和3．94。     

加压毛细管电色谱手性配体交换法对游离亮氨酸异构体分离的研究

以反相C18为固定相,通过对流动相中的手性选择体、流动相组成与pH值及操作电压等条件的考察,成功建立了毛细管电色谱（CEC）手性配体交换法分离游离亮氨酸异构体的方法。优化的色谱条件：C18反相毛细管柱;以2mmol／L天冬氨酰苯丙氨酸甲酯为手性选择体,Cu^2＋为配体离子,流动相为20mmol／L乙酸缓冲液（pH5．5）,5％（体积分数）的甲醇为有机改性剂;流速为0．02mL／min;操作压力为6．9×10^6 Pa;检测波长为UV 280nm;工作电压＋5kV;室温。两异构体可在15min内基线分离,检出限为10μmol／L（S／N=3）,并在0．05～1．5mmol／L范围内呈良好的线性关系,日让、日内精密度均小于3．5％。     

手性流动相添加剂法对两种手性化合物的直接拆分

以β-环糊精为手性流动相添加剂,于C8反相柱上建立了2种手性农药(包括杀菌剂己唑醇和杀虫剂SR-生物丙烯菊酯)对映体的高效液相色谱拆分方法。探讨了β-环糊精浓度、流动相pH、有机改性剂种类等因素对手性拆分的影响。结果表明：在流动相为β-环糊精水溶液、磷酸钠缓冲液(0．05mol／L)、乙腈、三乙胺(体积比50：30：20：0．5)条件下,己唑醇对映体在pH为7．4,β-环糊精溶液浓度为7mmol／L时,SR-生物丙烯菊酯对映体在pH为6．4,β-环糊精浓度为10．5mmol／L时得到最佳分离。     

(R,S)-α-羟基苯丁酸乙酯的HPLC手性分离

建立了手性柱HPLC法测定盐酸贝那普利的中间体(R)-α-羟基苯丁酸乙酯中的(S)-α-羟基苯丁酸乙酯。采用Chiralcel OD-H色谱柱,流动相正己烷-异丙醇（体积比90：10),流速1．0mL／min,检测波长254nm,进样体积20μL,按外标法以峰面积计算(R)-α-羟基苯丁酸乙酯中的(S)-α-羟基苯丁酸乙酯的含量。(S)体的线性范围5．5～23．8μg／mL,检出限0．47μg／mL(S／N=3),回收率为96％～103％,精密度RSD为2．1％(n=6)。     

丙卡特罗在三种刷型手性固定相上的直接拆分

以正己烷-异丙醇二元混合溶剂体系为流动相,在Whelk-O1、 DNB-PG和DNB-Leucine 3种刷型手性固定相上将药物丙卡特罗直接拆分为(R,R/S)和(S,R/S)对映体,分离系数α值达1.4 ～1.8.考察了流动相组成及固定相分子结构对对映体分离效果的影响,同时对丙卡特罗与3种固定相的手性识别机理进行了探讨.结果表明,当流动相中异丙醇的体积分数(φB)为2% ～30%时,lnk′与lnφB之间呈现较好的线性关系.因此,在一定范围内可以根据所需色谱分离系数或保留时间估计流动相的组成.以后出峰对映体所表征的3种手性柱的色谱分离效能分别为:n(Whelk-O1)=10 816/m,n(DNB-PG)=4 532/m,n(DNB-Leucine)=12 844/m.DNB-PG柱柱效相对较低,谱峰展宽较大,且有轻微拖尾,需改善柱子装填和预处理技术以提高色谱分离柱效.     

反相-高效液相色谱手性流动相添加剂法测定酸奶及含乳饮料中乳酸对映异构体

选取2,3,6-三甲基-β-环糊精（TM-β-CD）作为流动相手性添加剂,建立了采用反相高效液相色谱法分离酸奶及含乳饮料中乳酸异构体的方法。实验采用hypersil ODS2-C18（250×5．0mm,5μm）色谱柱,以0．5mmol／L PH2．5的TM-β-CD（含4．5mmol／L H2SO4）作为流动相,流速为1．0mL／min,紫外检测波长为210nm。实验考察了不同色谱柱、柱平衡时间、手性流动相添加剂浓度及pH值对分离效果的影响,并进一步研究了方法的线性范围、检出限、精密度及回收率。     

异丙甲草胺立体异构体在高效液相色谱手性固定相上的分离

在Pirkle“刷型”(S,S)-Whelk—O1手性柱和涂敷型纤维素三(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)(CDMPC)手性柱上,对异丙甲草胺立体异构体进行了分离。在(S,S)-Whelk-O1手性柱上考察了不同体积比的正己烷．异丙醇流动相对分离的影响,发现当异丙醇含量降低时有利于异构体的分离;在CDMPC手性柱上考察了正己烷中醇类改性剂的种类和浓度对分离的影响,发现醇含量降低时和采用大体积的醇时有利于异构体的分离。异丙甲草胺的对映异构体之间在(S,S)-Whelk-O1手性柱上获得了分离,在CDMPC手性柱上分离出了异丙甲草胺4个异构体中的3个。同时测定了富S-异丙甲草胺异构体中S-异构体的过量值(EE),本方法可用于富S-异丙甲草胺的定量。     

高效配体交换色谱法直接分离2,3—二氨基丁酸立体异构体

在L-脯氨酸手性键合固定相上直接分离了2,3-二氨基丁酸的四个立体异构体,考查了pH、离子强度和色谱柱温度对容量因子K′、选择性α和峰分离度R的影响。     

溶剂效应对手性咪唑衍生物对映异构体与固定相相互作用的影响

采用分子模拟方法研究了两类手性咪唑衍生物的对映异构体与多糖类手性固定相纤维素-三(4-甲基苯甲酸酯)(商品名称为Chiralcel OJ)的相互作用, 结果表明, 溶剂效应对两者的相互作用有显著影响. 在强极性溶剂(溶剂A)条件下, 与化合物的S型异构体相比, 化合物的R型异构体与固定相间形成的复合物更稳定, 即S型先出峰, R型后出峰, 与文献报道的拆分实验结果完全吻合; 在弱极性溶剂(溶剂B)条件下, 两个化合物的R/S型异构体与固定相相结合的结合能差别不大, 无法进行有效分离. 模拟结果表明, 对映体与固定相之间存在远程互相排斥作用, 在强极性溶剂作用下, 远程静电作用减弱, 有利于对对映体与固定相立体相互作用的不同进行区分, 从而区分对映异构体. 能量分析结果显示, 分子间的范德华能, 尤其是其中色散能的大小决定了对映体在固定相上是否可有效分离.     

HPLC法测定盐酸洛美沙星滴眼液中的洛美沙星含量

采用高效液相色谱法测定盐酸洛美沙星滴眼液中的洛美沙星含量;用C18柱为分离柱,0．02mol／L磷酸溶液(用三乙胺调节pH值至2．6)-乙腈(体积比85：15)为流动相,检测波长287nm;洛美沙星进样量在0．48-0．72μg范围内与峰面积线性关系良好(r=O．9998),平均回收率100．4％,重复进样的RSD0．33％(n=6)。     

酸催化的二芳基甲醇脱水环化氧化芳构化直接构筑4-芳基喹啉

我们发展了酸催化的二芳基甲醇的脱水环化氧化芳构化的方法,直接高产率（高达81%）的合成轴手性的4-芳基喹啉.而且,Lewis酸Zn（OTf）₂和手性膦酸都能催化这个反应,初步的不对称研究可以用er 71：29得到产物.     

双手性选择单元手性固定相的研究进展

手性固定相（chiral stationary phase,CSP）作为手性色谱分离的核心技术,在手性化合物的识别和分离中得到广泛应用。以双手性选择单元结合作为CSP是近些年的研究热点,研究表明,两种手性选择单元相结合的CSP可增加手性识别位点,显著提高分离效果。本文介绍了近几年双手性选择单元手性固定相在手性分离中的研究进展,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

Simultaneous chiral analyses of multiple analytes: case studies, implications and method development considerations

The field of chiral separations had a modest beginning some two decades ago. However, due to rapid technological advancement coupled with simultaneous availability of innovative chiral stationary phases and novel chiral derivatization agents, the field of chiral separations has now totally outpaced many other separation fields. Keeping pace with rapid changes in the field of chiral separations, investigators continue to add stereoselective pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, pharmacologic and toxicological data of new and/or marketed racemic compounds to the literature. Examination of the evolution of chiral separations suggests that in the beginning many investigators attempted to separate and quantify a single pair of enantiomers, adopting either direct (separation made on a chiral stationary phase) or indirect (separation made following precolumn conversion of enantiomers to corresponding diastereomers) approaches. However, more recent trends in chiral separations suggest that investigators are attempting to separate and quantify multiple pairs of enantiomers with available technologies. Added to this, some interesting trends have been observed in many of the recently reported chiral applications, including preferences regarding internal standard selection, mobile phase contents and composition, sorting out issues with mass spectrometric detection, determination of elution order, analytical manipulations of metabolite(s) without reference standards and addressing some specificity-related issues. This review mainly focuses on chiral separations involving multiple chiral analytes and attempts to justify the need for such chiral separations involving multiple analytes. In this context, several cases studies are described on the utility and applicability of such chiral separations under discrete headings to provide an account to the readership on the implications of such tasks. The topics of case studies covered in this review include: (a) therapy markers--differentiation from drug abuse and/or applicability in forensics; (b) role in pharmacogenetic/polymorphic evaluation; (c) monitoring and understanding the role of parent and active metabolite(s) in clinical and preclinical investigations; (d) exploration on the pharmacokinetic utility of an active chiral metabolite vis-a-vis the racemic parent moiety; (e) understanding the chirality play in delineating peculiar toxic effects; (f) exploration of chiral inversion phenomenon, and understanding the role of stereoselective metabolism. For the further benefit of readership, some select examples (n = 19) of the separation of multiple chiral analytes with appropriate information on chromatography, detection system, validation parameters and applicable conclusion are also provided. Finally, the review covers some useful considerations for method development involving multiple chiral analytes.     

16种手性化合物在不同自制手性固定相上的拆分比较

采用高效液相色谱法,在自制的纤维素-三(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)(ATEO-OD)、纤维素-三(4-甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)(ATEO-OG)和纤维素-三(4-甲基苯基甲酸酯)(ATEO-OJ)3种手性柱上对16种不同结构的手性化合物进行了拆分和比较.试验结果表明:16个手性样品在这3种手性固定相上分别获得了不同程度的拆分,A TEO-OD对所分析样品具有更好的手性识别能力,ATEO-OG和ATEO-OJ的手性识别能力相当.     

Last ten years (2008–2018) of chiral ligand‐exchange chromatography in HPLC: An updated review

Chiral ligand‐exchange chromatography is one of the elective strategies for the direct enantioresolution of small chelating compounds: amino acids, diamines, amino alcohols, diols, small peptides, etc. Unlike other methods, the interaction between chiral selector and analyte enantiomers is mediated by a cation, thus producing diastereomeric ternary complexes. Two main approaches are conventionally applied in chiral ligand‐exchange chromatography. The first relies upon chiral stationary phases where the chiral selector is either covalently immobilized or physically adsorbed onto suitable packing materials (coated phases). In the second approach, chiral molecules are added to the eluent, thus generating chiral eluent systems. Among the advantages of chiral ligand‐exchange chromatography, the generation of UV/vis‐active metal complexes, and the use of commercially available or easy‐to‐synthesize chiral selectors, in combination to rather inexpensive achiral columns for coated phases and chiral eluents, are noteworthy. Besides amino acids and amino alcohols, other species have proven suitable for chiral ligand‐exchange chromatography applications. Recently, the use of either chiral ionic liquids or micellar liquid chromatography systems as well as the successful off‐column formation of diastereomeric complexes have expanded the selectivity profiles and application fields. All of these issues are touched in the review, shedding light to the contributions appeared in the last decade.     

环境中手性污染物对映体分析方法的研究进展

手性污染物对映体尽管具有相似的物理化学性质,但在环境中的吸附、转移、降解等过程往往存在一定差异。生态安全问题与人类健康密切相关,因此,对手性环境污染物进行对映体水平上的分离分析是十分重要的研究课题。目前,国内外对环境中的手性污染物已开展了相关研究,然而全面评述相关分析测定方法的新进展鲜有报道。本文主要对环境中手性污染物的种类以及近5年环境中手性污染物的分析检测技术如液相色谱-质谱联用法、气相色谱-质谱联用法、毛细管电泳法、超临界流体色谱-质谱联用法等进行了归纳、综述和展望,为后续手性污染物的分析检测提供依据和参考。     

手性2-(口恶)唑烷酮的无溶剂合成法

在无溶剂条件下,手性的β-氨基醇和脲在160-180℃反应0．5-1 h,在200℃反应0．5 h,高产率地获得手性噁唑烷酮。     

手性2-噁唑烷酮的无溶剂合成法

手性2-噁唑烷酮的无溶剂合成法;手性氨基醇;脲;手性噁唑烷酮     

Methods of studies on quantitative structure–activity relationships for chiral compounds

Chiral compounds are very important in drug development, organic synthesis, materials science, toxicology, or environmental chemistry. Therefore, for creating new drugs, several methods have been suggested in recent years. In several laboratories in the world, some new methods for the derivations of the parameters were constructed and used for studies on quantitative structure–activity/property relationships of chiral molecules. The algorithms reviewed in this paper involve Zargeb group chiral indices, chiral molecular connectivity index, chiral topological charge index, chiral A_m index, chiral indices based on the matrixes, chiral indices based on chiral product, conformation‐independent chirality code, conformation‐dependent chirality code, quantitative two‐dimensional chirality degrees of benzenoids, and so on. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.