Lower bounds on the efficiency of transforming static data structures into dynamic structures

In this paper we study the efficiency of general methods for converting static data structures to dynamic structures. The efficiency is measured in terms of two quantities: query time and update time penalty factors. We provide lower bounds on the trade-off between these quantities and show certain known transforms to be essentially optimal.     

Capability-Passing Processes

Capability-passing processes model global applications in a way that decouples the global agreement aspects of protocols from the details of how the communications are actually made. It relies on a restricted API or programming language and on the exchange of digital certificates representing capabilities to ensure that participants are faithful to a protocol and that outsiders cannot interfere. At the specification level, protocols are reasoned about independently of the underlying communication, using a process calculus with an abstraction of logs to isolate the remote state required for such protocols. At the implementation level, protocol steps no longer perform global communication; instead capabilities are used to transmit evidence of remote state, which in turn are used to authorize local log changes (corresponding to protocol steps). In this way, an API for global agreement protocols is defined independently of the underlying communication system.     

Control of Distributed Processes

Cost-effective control of distributed computing systems requires practical models for reassigning program modules among the processors in real time.     

Specification of Synchronizing Processes

The formalism of temporal logic has been suggested to be an appropriate tool for expressing the semantics of concurrent programs. This paper is concerned with the application of temporal logic to the specification of factors affecting the synchronization of concurrent processes. Towards this end, we first introduce a model for synchronization and axiomatize its behavior. SYSL, a very high-level language for specifying synchronization properties, is then described. It is designed using the primitives of temporal logic and features constructs to express properties that affect synchronization in a fairly natural and modular fashion. Since the statements in the language have intuitive interpretations, specifications are humanly readable. In addition, since they possess appropriate formal semantics, unambiguous specifications result.     

Fuzzy Stochastic Processes

A new concept of a fuzzy random variable, suggested by quantum mechanics, implies a generalization of standard stochastic processes. It is proved that such general processes, called fuzzy stochastic processes, satisfy a version of the Kolmogorov existence theorem. It is also shown that any fuzzy stochastic process can be faithfully represented by a standard stochastic process.     

遵循环境法规

环境方面的控制是制造的一个关键部分,可以整合到工厂控制系统当中去,以提升报告和记录能力。     

Proofs of Networks of Processes

We present a proof method for networks of processes in which component processes communicate exclusively through messages. We show how to construct proofs of invariant properties which hold at all times during network computation, and terminal properties which hold upon termination of network computation, if network computation terminates. The proof method is based upon specifying a process by a pair of assertions, analogous to pre-and post-conditions in sequential program proving. The correctness of network specification is proven by applying inference rules to the specifications of component processes. Several examples are proved using this technique.     

逻辑马尔可夫决策编程和关系马尔可夫决策编程若干最新进展

逻辑马尔可夫决策过程和关系马尔可夫决策过程的引入,使得人们可能简洁地、陈述地表达复杂的马尔可夫决策过程。本文首先介绍有关逻辑马尔可夫决策过程和关系马尔可夫决策过程的概念,然后重点介绍它们与普通的马尔可夫决策过程根本不同的一些算法：①依赖于基本状态空间RL的转换法;②把Bellman方程推广到抽象状态空间的方法;③利用策略偏置空间寻求近似最优策略方法。最后对它们的研究现状进行总结及其对它们发展的一些展望。     

粗糙本体构建的格-树转化方法

粗糙本体是处理不精确性信息的一种基础性工具,其存在形式是由粗糙概念和粗糙关系构成的树形结构。粗糙本体的具体形式因为参与构建的领域专家的不同而呈现多样性,然而同样也是由粗糙概念和粗糙关系构成的粗糙概念格却具有结构上的惟一性。粗糙本体的构建因而可以利用格和树的组成与结构的相似性,构建粗糙概念格,转化生成粗糙本体。探讨了格-树转化方法的实现步骤：构建粗糙概念格;聚类粗糙概念格中的粗糙概念生成粗糙概念树;转化粗糙概念树为粗糙本体。构建实例阐释了格-树转换方法的具体应用。     

大型聚酯装置的先进控制

介绍在聚酯生产线上实施先进控制的初步设想和方案，提高关键指标和参数的控制精度，从而保证装置长周期稳定运行，提高产品内在质量，增强产品竞争力。     

Optimal Control of Random Processes

Recent years have witnessed considerable interest in the problem of optimal control of diverse processes. And this is not surprising, since any theory explaining a phenomenon must, in the last analysis, reduce to a theory for controlling it. The achievements of contemporary computational technology provide favorable conditions in this regard. With the aid of a digital computer, we can not only “simulate” the consequences of arbitrary decisions but also find most suitable (optimal) decisions. This enables us to realize very complex control algorithms within an acceptable time.     

Local Optimization of Measuring Processes

An approach to local optimization of measuring processes based on the variation of the structure of program functions is studied. Optimal observation planning procedures are designed, their theoretical principles are described, and their effectiveness is evaluated.     

化工批处理过程调度

阐述了化工批处理过程调度问题的基本框架，综述了近年来这一领域取得的进展和存在的问题，并讨论今后的发展方向。     

Evolutionary Optimization of Machining Processes

Optimization of machining processes plays a key role in meeting the demands for high precision and productivity. The primary challenge for machining process optimization often stems from the fact that the procedure is typically highly constrained and highly non-linear, involving mixed-integer-discrete-continuous design variables. Additionally, machining process models are likely discontinuous, non-explicit, or not analytically differentiable with the design variables. Traditional non-linear optimization techniques are mostly gradient-based, posing many limitations upon application to today’s complex machining models. Genetic Algorithms (GAs) has distinguished itself as a method with the potential for solving highly non-linear, ill-behaved complex machining optimization problems. Unlike traditional optimization techniques, GAs start with a population of different designs and use direct search methods stochastically and deterministically toward optimal and feasible direction. However, GAs still has its own drawbacks when it is applied to machining process optimization, including the lack of efficiency due to its binary representation scheme for continuous design variables, a lack of local fine-tuning capabilities, a lack of a self-adaptation mechanism, and a lack of an effective constraint handling method. A novel and systematic evolutionary algorithm based on GAs is presented in this paper in the areas of problem representation; selection scheme; genetic operators for integer, discrete, and continuous variables; constraint handling method; and population initialization to overcome the underlying drawbacks. The proposed scheme has been applied to two machining problems to demonstrate its superior performance.     

Testing Processes of Web Applications

Current practice in Web application development is based on the skills of the individual programmers and often does not apply the principles of software engineering. The increasing economic relevance and internal complexity of the new generation of Web applications require that proper quality standards are reached and that development is kept under control. It is therefore likely that the formalization of the process followed while developing these applications will be one of the major research topics.In this paper we focus on Web application testing, a crucial phase when quality and reliability are a goal. Testing is considered in the wider context of the whole development process, for which an incremental/iterative model is devised. The processes behind the testing activities are analyzed considering the specificity of Web applications, for which the availability of a reference model is shown to be particularly important. The approach proposed in this paper covers the integration testing phase, which can take advantage of some features of Web applications (e.g., the http protocol employed), thus resulting in a higher level of automation with respect to traditional software.The testing processes described in this paper are supported by the prototype research tool TestWeb. This tool exploits a reverse engineered UML (Unified Modeling Language) model of the Web application to generate and execute test cases, in order to satisfy the testing criteria selected by the user. The usage of this tool will be presented with reference to a real-world case study.     

基于傅立叶-梅林变换的零水印算法

为了提高抗几何攻击性能,同时保证不可见性,提出了一种结合傅立叶-梅林变换和零水印概念的图像水印算法.该算法通过对图像进行傅立叶-梅林变换找到几何不变域,在此域中提取图像特征构并加入水印密钥构成零水印.由待检测图像以相同的方法得到伪水印,通过比较零水印和伪水印的相关性判定图像版权.该算法在判定图像版权是不需要原始图像,仅需零水印.实验结果表明,该算法有较强的抗几何攻击性能,对压缩、加噪等常见的图像处理攻击同样具有良好的鲁棒性.     

Sounding Out Pharmaceutical Processes

High-resolution ultrasonic spectroscopy is a novel technique with enormous potential for analysis of a wide range of samples and processes. This technique is based on precision measurements of velocity and attenuation of acoustical waves at high frequencies propagating through materials. It allows fast at/on line measurements analysis of formulation consistency (composition, structure) of raw materials, ingredients and intermediates, process impurity analysis, particle sizing, batch to batch variation, stability assessment etc in pharmaceutical industry. The technology can be used for static fingerprint measurements or for dynamic analysis of systems. Optical transparency is not required as ultrasonic waves propagate through opaque samples. The analysis is fast and non-destructive. High-resolution ultrasonic spectrometers were developed, patented and brought to the market by Ultrasonic Scientific Ltd. and recognised with various international awards. These instruments require small sample volumes, down to 0.03 ml, and give excellent resolution. They can be used for the analysis of composition, aggregation, particle sizing, gelation, micellisation, crystallisation, sedimentation, enzymatic activity, conformational transitions in polymers, biopolymer-ligand binding and antigen-antibody interactions, etc. This article describes main features of High-Resolution Ultrasonic Spectroscopy and area of applications of new high-resolution HR-US series of ultrasonic spectrometers. Several applications are illustrated including the monitoring of denaturation and aggregation of proteins in antibody solution, the measurements of the particle size in emulsions, precipitation in synthetic blood substitutes and crystallisation