Ⅱ、Ⅲ类基础油分子组成对其氧化安定性影响的研究进展

基础油的氧化安定性对润滑油使用性能的影响最为显著，评定基础油对成品油氧化性能影响的唯一可靠途径是研究基础油的化学组成与氧化性能的关系。润滑油基础油是一个化学组成非常复杂的混合物，相同粘度的基础油的组成差别很大，不同的化学组成及其在基础油中含量的差别对基础油的氧化性能的影响会差异很大，再加上不同研究者采用的氧化方法不同，使得不同研究者所报道的基础油化学组成与氧化安定性的关系的结论不尽一致。因此，近年来人们对基础油的类型、结构组成与氧化降解之间的关系的研究越来越关注。本文将综述Ⅱ、Ⅲ类基础油的分子组成与其氧化安定性之间的关系和各类抗氧剂对Ⅱ、Ⅲ类基础油的感受性。     

低黏度基础油与氢化丁腈胶的相容性测试

低黏度基础油是影响与橡胶相容性的重要因素。对氢化丁腈胶与低黏度的石蜡基油,环烷基油,聚α-烯烃和合成酯的相容性进行了考察。通过测试氢化丁腈胶在基础油中浸泡后的体积与硬度来评价氢化丁腈胶与基础油的相容性。氢化丁腈胶的体积与硬度变化越大,相容性越差。氢化丁腈胶浸泡168 h后(100℃),在石蜡基油中,氢化丁腈胶的体积膨胀0.035%,硬度下降2.5 IRHD;在环烷基油中,体积膨胀0.187%,硬度下降5.7 IRHD;在聚α-烯烃中,体积膨胀0.033%,硬度下降2.4 IRHD;在合成酯中,体积膨胀0.362%,硬度下降9.8 IRHD,均出现体积膨胀和硬度下降。延长浸泡时间至1200 h也表现出相似的结果。相比之下,石蜡基油和聚α-烯烃与氢化丁腈胶的相容性较好,环烷基油与氢化丁腈橡胶的相容性稍次,合成酯与氢化丁腈橡胶的相容性较差。     

不同因素对硼交联羟丙基胍胶压裂液低温破胶性影响研究

为解决水基压裂液在陕北油田低温（15℃-30℃）条件下的破胶问题,研究了不同因素对硼交联羟丙基胍胶水基压裂液破胶性的影响。实验发现：在破胶温度一定的情况下,压裂液中的增稠剂加量、体系pH值和不同类型的破胶剂及其加量等对压裂液的破胶均会产生不同程度的影响,其中在破胶剂中影响最太的是三元复合破胶体系。当破胶温度在15℃时,三元破胶体系（NH4）2S2O8／H2O2／Na2SO3较单一破胶剂（NH4）2S2O8可将压裂液的破胶时间缩短45h,该体系破胶剂在陕北低温油田应用了30余井次。     

添加剂对脲基润滑脂极压抗磨性能的影响

选择同一类型不同粘度的基础油，相同种类和含量的稠化剂，制备脲基润滑脂，分别加入3％的含磷添加剂，比较了基础脂之间和加入添加剂后脲基润滑脂极压抗磨性能的变化，说明基础油的粘度对添加剂在润滑脂作用效果的影响。试验看出：基础油粘度对添加剂发挥极压抗磨性能有很大影响，适当提高基础油粘度，有助于提高润滑脂的极压抗磨性能；含磷剂是一种有效的极压抗磨添加剂，在不同粘度基础油制成的脲基润滑脂中，对抗磨性能均表现出增效的作用。     

加氢润滑油基础油结构组成与氧化安定性关系研究Ⅱ．核磁共振研究加氢润滑油基础油结构组成

利用^1H NMR、^13C NMR和DEPT ^13C NMR核磁共振详细研究了不同基属原油生产的六种加氢润滑油基础油烃类结构组成。结果表明：支化度与基础油粘温性能有负的相关性，支化度越大，粘温性能越差，粘度指数越低。不同基属原油生产的基础油烃类结构符合相应原油特性。基础油碳类型含量的分布影响着基础油烃类组成结构，正构烷烃含量和亚甲基含量高的基础油的粘度指数高，而支链甲基含量和次甲基含量高的基础油粘度指数低。     

基础油对汽油机油清净性的影响

通过热管试验考察了两个不同ⅢG发动机试验油清净性的变化,考察了不同基础油以及在不同气氛下基础油清净性的变化,用GC-MS、FTIR对基础油及热管试验后油进行了组成分析。研究发现:热管试验可以区分这两个不同的ⅢG发动机试验油的清净性能;Ⅰ类基础油清净性能差,Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类、Ⅳ类基础油清净性能较好;氧气的存在使基础油在老化过程中水的含量、芳烃含量、氧化物含量增多,导致油品清净性变差。     

汽车密封条炼胶专用油的开发

简述了密封条生产工艺和对炼胶专用油的性能要求,分析了济南炼化基础油性质,提出了生产汽车密封条专用油的可行性生产方案,并对该产品市场进行了预测。     

强化传质传热催化剂载体制备装置

设计制造了一种可完成成胶、过滤和洗涤等过程的催化剂载体制备装置.采用强化传质传热的反应器进行碳化反应,气体分布后产生的气泡尺寸很小,达0.1mm,气体利用率提高一倍以上.制备的氢氧化铝干胶晶粒大小没有受剪切作用的影响而改变,并且提高了设备运转的可靠性,节省动力和投资,降低了维护成本.     

MVI75、MVI150、MVI500中粘度指数基础油的研制

基础油是润滑油的基本调合组分，其组成对润滑油的性质和使用性能有着重要影响。原油不同，基础油性质也不同。为了从南阳原油中开发出新润滑油产品，为炼油厂的生产和设计提供依据，本文通过对南阳原油特性的分析、基础油生产工艺的研究、工艺条件的选择，研制出了MVI75、MVI150、MVI500三种规格的基础油产品。结果表明，南阳原油适宜生产中粘度指数的基础油。     

新型海绵胶黏剂的制备

通过选用合适的固化剂，在此基础上利用环氧树脂胶接原理，选择不同配比来确定最优固化剂用量。最终结果表明：在粘结特定物品时，需要在胶黏剂中加入特定的固化剂，胶黏剂中固化剂含量不同，所得胶黏荆的黏度、固化时间和粘结效果不同，当胶黏剂中各组分比例为环氧树脂，邻苯二甲酸二丁酯，间苯二胺=100/16／4．5时所得的胶黏剂为最优胶黏音4，此时粘结海绵效果最好。     

粘度指数改进剂的增稠能力与剪切稳定性

在中间基和石蜡基两种基础油中分别添加乙烯丙烯共聚物（ＯＣＰ）、聚甲基丙烯酸酯（ＰＭＡ）、聚异丁烯（ＰＩＢ）、氢化苯乙烯异戊二烯共聚物（ＨＳＤ）四大类１２种粘度指数改进剂（ＶＩ）,调配稠化油并测定、研究ＶＩ的稠化曲线、稠化能力（Ｄ）和稠化油的剪切稳定性（Ｓ）、低温流动性、热氧化安定性。综合Ｄ与Ｓ作为ＶＩ性能－价格评价标准,得出结论：降低聚合度虽然能够提高ＶＩ的剪切稳定性,但是分子量减小会引起稠化能力下降;具有合适聚合单体、合理结构的聚合物兼有优良的剪切稳定性和稠化能力,适合在有剪切稳定性要求的油品中使用     

Homo- and Copolymers of Decyl Methacrylate as Performance Additives for Lube Oil

Homopolymer of decyl methacrylate and its copolymer with styrene at different concentrations using two types of initiators (benzoyl peroxide [BZP] and azobisisobutyronitrile [AIBN]) were synthesized. All the prepared polymers are characterized by FT-IR and NMR. The molecular weight was determined by gel permeation chromatography. The performance of the prepared polymers in different base oils were evaluated as viscosity modifier, also known as viscosity index improver and pour point depressant. The molecular weight of homopolymer prepared by using BZP initiator is higher than homopolymer prepared by using AIBN initiator but molecular weight of copolymers prepared by BZP are lower than copolymers prepared by AIBN initiator. The theromogravimetric analysis value of the prepared polymers was determined by standard ASTM method and it is found that the thermal stability of copolymers decrease with increasing the styrene content.     

导热油基础油的烃类结构对其热稳定性的影响

利用质谱分析对导热油基础油的结构组成进行了分析,研究了7种基础油的烃类结构对热稳定性的影响。结果表明:高温矿物型导热油的热稳定性与基础油的烃类组成有关,环烷烃热稳定性好,链烷烃和芳烃较差,且烃类组成与变质率之间存在定量关系,可较好地指导高温导热油基础油的选用。     

β-Pinene – acrylate copolymer as a potential biodegradable multifunctional additives for lube oil

Viscosity index improver (VII) and Pour point depressant (PPD) performances of the β-pinene based newly developed greener additives were tested in base oil in terms of viscosity index (VI) and pour point (PP), respectively. It is observed that, incorporation of β-pinene induces excellent biodegradability in the acrylate system. Among the two systems, β-pinene – dodecyl acrylate copolymers showed higher VI and pour point depression efficiency than the corresponding decyl acrylate copolymers. The study also indicated that VI and PP values of the additive doped base oils depend on the nature of mineral base oils as well as on the type and concentration of the additives. The synthesized copolymers of each of them with β-pinene (BP) were characterized by spectral, gel permeation chromatographic (GPC) and thermogravimetric analysis. For a comparison the respective homopolymers were also prepared under identical conditions and tested for VII and PPD properties in base oils by the standard ASTM methods. The biodegradability along with multifunctional additive performance showed potential for the copolymers for their industrial application as lube oil additives.     

用电子自旋共振研究导热油的热稳定性

用电子自旋共振对国内几种典型合成油，基础油及加有添加剂的基础油，分别在不同温度下测定生成自由基的相对浓度，以及一定温度下放置一段时间自由基衰减情况，来考察导热油的热稳定性。     

Dodecylmethacrylate – olive oil copolymers as potential biodegradable pour point depressant for lubricating oil

The application of greener additives based on vegetable oils has attracted considerable interest due to their biocompatibility and enhanced additive performances compared to conventional additives. Keeping this view in mind and in continuation of our explorative studies on lube oil additives, copolymer of dodecylmethacrylate with olive oil have been synthesized in a focused mono-mode microwave oven using BZP (benzoyl peroxide) as radical initiator. Characterization of the prepared polymers has been performed by spectral (NMR, IR), and SEC-GPC analysis. Performance evaluation of the polymers as pour point depressant (PPD), and viscosity modifier (VM) / viscosity index improver (VII) in different base oils (mineral) have been performed by standard ASTM methods. Biodegradability of the prepared additives was tested against fungal pathogens and microorganisms by disc diffusion (DD) method and by soil burial test (SBT) method respectively. Thermal stability of each of them has been evaluated and included. The multifunctional performances have been compared and reported. The copolymers showed excellent PPD performance along with VM properties and potential biodegradability.     

Prediction of thickening efficiency of olefin copolymers and kinematic viscosities of the blended base oils by determining intrinsic viscosities of the copolymers in cyclohexane

The engine oil contains various performance additives along with polymer-based viscosity index improver, which are made from special types of flexible long chain polymers whose functionality is derived from their thickening efficiency, viscosity-temperature relationship, and shear stability. Olefin copolymers of the type ethylene/propylene copolymer are extensively used as viscosity index improver for engine oil formulations whose performance is a function of their composition, co-monomer sequence distribution and molar mass. Polymer coils interact with base oil and make it increasingly resistant to flow which accounts for substantial changes in viscosity parameters i.e. kinematic viscosities and viscosity index of blended base oils. Intrinsic viscosity of a polymeric solution is an important “dilute solution viscosity” parameter, which is easily measurable using Ubbelohde viscometer.In the present work, intrinsic viscosity of twenty samples of laboratory synthesized olefin copolymer in cyclohexane at 30 °C were correlated with their thickening efficiencies, kinematic viscosities of the olefin copolymer blended base oils at 40 °C and 100 °C. These correlation studies enable prediction of performance of olefin copolymer in blended base oil based on an easily and quickly measurable intrinsic viscosity parameter, leading to faster screening of large number of olefin copolymers for their utility as viscosity index improver in lubricants, in a short span of time with limited resources.     

利用温度扫描技术研究润滑油基础油的低温性能

以不同生产工艺的润滑油基础油作为研究对象,通过对比不同润滑油基础油的动力黏度-温度变化曲线,比较了不同类型润滑油基础油的低温性能,并对其低温性能与组成之间关系及不同类型基础油对降凝剂的感受性差异进行了研究,结果表明,对于同一粘度级别的润滑油基础油,加氢异构基础油低温性能相对较好,而溶剂精制类基础油则对降凝剂表现出更好的感受性。     

75W/90车辆齿轮油用粘度指数改进剂的研究

以甲基丙烯酸与高碳醇的酯化产物为聚合单体,采用自由基聚合法制得用于75W/90车辆齿轮油的聚甲基丙烯酸酯型粘度指数改进剂。利用红外光谱仪对酯化产物及其聚合产物进行结构表征;将聚合产物与进口剂进行对比,考察了聚合产物的使用性能。红外分析结果表明,酯化产物中无酸或醇的存在,可以作为下一步聚合反应单体使用;聚合产物中无残余的甲基丙烯酸高碳醇酯存在,聚合较彻底。聚合产物的使用性能与进口剂相比具有更好的增粘能力和抗剪切稳定性,并表现出优越的低温性能和在不同加氢基础油中的适应性。