穿戴式平面印刷PIFA的设计

为了实现穿戴式计算机系统的无线通信,本文对PIFA(平面倒F天线)的结构和原理进行了研究,并实际设计了一种工作于无线局域网 2.45GHz频段的穿戴式平面印刷PIFA,选用特征阻抗为84Ω的微带线进行馈电,一是便于天线穿戴于人体,二是为了实现天线的阻抗匹配;实际制作的天线尺寸为40×40×2mm3,在中心频率2.45GHz处获得1.5%的相对阻抗带宽,增益达2.7dBi;从回波损失曲线和辐射方向性图两个方面将实际制作的PIFA的测量结果与CST仿真结果进行了对比分析,结论是:采用PIFA天线具有小尺寸和低剖面结构的优点,且加工简单、成本低,可用于穿戴系统的无线通信设备.     

穿戴系统中的天线设计

采用U型缝加载技术,设计了一种用于穿戴系统的双频平面倒F天线(PIFA),分别工作于GSM(全球通)的900 MHz和WLAN(无线局域网)的2.45 GHz频段,两个频段的相对阻抗带宽分别为10%和5%;在两个谐振频点处,天线的增益分别为0.4 dBi和1.7 dBi.天线具有低剖面结构、重量轻、结构简单等优点,完全满足穿戴系统中长、短距离无线通信要求.     

ZigBee精确定位标志卡倒F天线设计

根据ZigBee精确定位标志卡对天线的需求,设计了一种尺寸小、带宽高、辐射效率高的倒F天线。通过电磁场全波仿真软件对倒F天线进行仿真和性能评估,仿真结果表明,该倒F天线工作在2.405~2.484GHz的ZigBee频段内,天线回波损耗小于-10dB;在2.45GHz中心频率下,最大增益达2.5dB,且天线具有全向性。在煤矿巷道中的实际测试结果表明,该倒F天线能满足精确定位标志卡的实用需求。     

一种小型化平面倒置F型三频天线的设计

随着无线通信技术的发展,各种通信终端对天线的小型化和多频化提出了很高的要求;在这种形势下设计了一种小型化的平面倒置F型三频天线(PIFA);天线采取同轴馈电,辐射贴片开两个L型槽的方法,可在WLAN2.4/5GHz以及将来的WiMax3.5GHz 3个频段工作;应用ANSOFT公司的HFSS10.0(high frequency structure simulator)三维仿真软件,对天线尺寸进行设计和优化,最终得出一种小型化的平面倒置F型三频天线(PIFA),同时也验证了天线小型化和多频化方法的可行性;该天线满足新一代无线通信技术对天线频段和带宽的要求,并适合某些工程应用。     

SAW温度传感器测温系统中的天线设计

为实现对电力设备接点的测温,设计了基于声表面波的无源无线温度传感器的测温方案,具体研究其天线设计以及天线和传感器的匹配方法。方案中读写器天线采用平面倒F天线,传感器天线采用法向模螺旋天线。通过仿真分析和优化设计使得两款天线的谐振频率均为915 MHz,驻波比均小于1.5,达到了系统要求。通过改变馈点位置实现了平面倒F天线的匹配,法向模螺旋天线的匹配采用了Smith v2.0软件,最终两款天线的阻抗均为50Ω。     

一种地铁通信倒F天线的设计

根据地铁通信的要求,需要在地铁车顶上安装体积小、轮廓低的全向天线。首先详细地介绍了单极天线的特性,研究了如何降低天线高度和增加使用带宽的技术方法,全面地讨论了倒F天线的设计方法和主要参数;然后对倒F天线的结构和电性能进行了仿真分析;最后制作出了一种性能较好的倒F天线,通过实际测试,验证了仿真结果。该形式全向天线在地铁通信中已经得到广泛应用。     

基于两阶段高斯过程的天线建模方法

针对高斯过程机器学习解决电磁问题,提出了两阶段高斯过程的天线建模方法,共包含两个阶段,在第一阶段,学习天线的粗细模型之间的映射关系,从而在第二阶段建立起高精度细模型的实际代替模型,在降低天线高精度输入训练数据的计算代价上效果显著。将两阶段高斯过程建模方法应用在倒F天线的优化问题和双频PIFA天线的谐振频率预测问题中,通过选取细模型数据占总训练数据的不同比例,比较它们的多种误差,从而验证该两阶段高斯过程天线建模方法的有效性和准确性。     

单层超宽带微带贴片天线的设计与分析

该文提出了一种新颖超宽带微带天线。该天线由微带宽槽天线的基本结构变形而来,其结构由矩形馈电微带贴片与矩形宽槽孔贴片组成。矩形宽槽孔开在金属GND板上,而矩形馈电贴片在介质板的另一面并在矩形宽槽孔框内偏下方。贴片与馈电线对接处采用渐变结构来达到阻抗匹配。以矩形宽槽尺寸为主构成了低频段的等效谐振电长度,而馈电贴片尺寸构成了高频段的等效谐振电长度。在各自的谐振频区上,矩形宽槽与馈电微带贴片两者相互耦合,构成两谐振电长度的天线叠合组成为一共面天线,从而拓展了天线的带宽。该文运用HFSS仿真软件,根据设定尺寸进行了仿真设计,制备了两只不同频段的样品天线。仿真结果和实验结果基本一致,表明该原理设计出的天线可实现超宽带特性。     

小型化多频带微带天线的设计

第三代移动通信对天线的小型化和多频带提出了越来越高的要求,提出了一种双U型槽和弧形边联合加载的平面倒L天线,采用微带馈电;从蜂窝移动通信、全球定位系统和蓝牙通讯对天线的要求出发,设计了两个四频天线:一个覆盖GSM/DCS/PCS/ISM频段,另一个覆盖GSM/GPS/PCS/ISM频段;应用ANSOFT公司的HFSS10.0三维仿真软件,对天线进行设计和优化,最终得到了两个基本符合频段带宽及方向图要求的四频天线,这对微带天线的小型化和多频带技术具有一定的指导意义。     

面向5G高隔离度4单元MIMO手机天线设计

设计了一个4单元高隔离度手机天线,由4个辐射单元组成,辐射单元分别位于天线的4个角落。对天线辐射单元进行分析测试,测量天线辐射单元工作频段为3.43 GHz～3.86 GHz,覆盖5G移动通信测试频段。MIMO天线工作频段在端口回波损耗小于-10 dB阻抗带宽条件下,工作频段为3.45 GHz～3.64 GHz;在端口回波损耗小于-6 dB阻抗带宽条件下,天线工作频段为3.23 GHz～3.96 GHz。新设计的圆形开槽结构能减少天线和电子元器件耦合,并且天线具有良好的全向性和辐射特性。MIMO天线在3.2 GHz～4 GHz频率内,天线辐射效率为65%～73.4%。仿真表明,脑部辐射SAR(Specific Absorption Rate)参数小于1.6 W/kg,天线对人体影响较低。     

Dual band frequency tunable planar inverted‐F antenna for mobile handheld devices

A single feed, dual‐band frequency tunable planar inverted‐F antenna (PIFA) is presented for mobile handheld device applications. The proposed antenna is designed using the transmission line model. The dual‐band frequency tunability is achieved by varying the capacitance of the varactor diode between 4.15 pF (0 V) and 0.72 pF (15 V). The measured impedance bandwidth of ?6 dB is realized from 0.8 to 0.98 GHz for the lower band and 1.65 to 2.2 GHz for the higher band. The designed antenna provides the independent frequency tunability for both the bands without disturbing each other. The maximum antenna gain is estimated 2.64 dBi for the proposed PIFA. Also, it has a maximum efficiency of ~85% for the mobile handheld device. In addition, the proposed PIFA is investigated with SAM phantom model for head and hand, found to be within the acceptable SAR limit of 1.6 W/Kg.     

Compact high isolation wideband 4G and 5G multi‐input multi‐output antenna system for handheld and internet of things applications

This article presents a compact wideband multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) antenna with a high port‐to‐port isolation, having a height h = 3.5 mm for 4G, 5G, and Internet of things (IoT) applications. Two identical planar inverted‐F antennas (PIFA) are used in this antenna system. For achieving wideband characteristics, closed‐ended and open‐ended rectangular slots are etched out on top plate of each PIFA, whereas a slot is etched in ground plane under the top plate of each PIFA. For achieving high isolation, a rectangular slot is etched out in the center of ground plane between two PIFAs. For further reduction in mutual coupling, a small rectangular strip is connected between the top plates of two PIFAs that introduce an antiresonance for enhancing isolation between two PIFA elements. The minimum isolation obtained between the ports of the two PIFAs is about ?20 dB. The minimum impedance bandwidth obtained by the two PIFAs is from 2 to around 3.6 GHz, thus become a wide band antenna covering WLAN band (2.45GHz), 4G‐LTE bands, WiMAX bands (IMT‐2.1 GHz, IMT‐2.3 GHz, and IMT‐E 2.6 GHz), and a sub‐6 GHz 5G band (3.4‐3.6 GHz). The simulated results are compared with the measured ones that are generally found in good agreement. Being low profile and compact, this antenna can be used for advanced 5G communication systems and IoT devices.     

A dual‐band case‐printed planar inverted‐F antenna design with independent resonance control for wearable short range telemetric systems

In this article, a novel 3D meandered planar inverted‐F antenna (PIFA) is proposed for dual band application targeting Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN). The proposed antenna is printed on the casing of a 3D‐base‐station model having a size of 88 × 95 × 10.2 mm³. The proposed PIFA covers two bands including medical implant communication service (MICS) (402‐405 MHz), as well as the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) (2.4‐2.48 GHz) bands. Each of the two bands can be controlled independently. The 3D configuration contains two linked meandered resonators to downsize the structure. Due to its conformal shape, omnidirectional radiation pattern, and low‐profile nature, the proposed PIFA is a potential candidate for targeting the WBAN applications. The proposed antenna, covering the MICS and ISM bands, works with an optimally matching (VSWR<2) at the aforementioned bands. The design concept was validated by fabricating the antenna prototype and measuring its characteristics.     

Efficient analysis of wireless communication antennas using an accurate [Z] matrix interpolation technique

An accurate impedance matrix interpolation technique based on the surface integral equation (SIE) is presented for the analysis of wireless communication antennas over wide frequency bands. The first‐order derivative of the impedance matrix at the internal frequency is considered in the cubic polynomial‐based interpolation scheme, thus the novel impedance matrix interpolation scheme will provide high accuracy and high efficiency over a frequency band. To demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method, numerical results for planar inverted F antennas (PIFA) and a wideband E‐shaped patch antenna are presented. Good agreement among the interpolation results, exact MoM solutions, finite element method (FEM) solutions, and measured data is observed over the bandwidth. Besides, dimensions of the feeding probe are also studied to investigate their effect on the input impedance and radiation patterns. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2010.     

A band‐suppression UWB suspended planar antenna incorporating a slotted spiral resonator

A novel miniaturized planar inverted F‐L antenna assembly is considered for UWB radio operations. The antenna design utilizes the electromagnetic coupling between an air dielectric planar inverted‐F antenna (PIFA) and a parasitic planar inverted‐L (PIL) element, with broadband feeding from a rectangular plate. To improve the functionality of the channel, a simple notch filter has been introduced through a local modification to the broadband feed plate, this takes the form of a simple slotted rectangular spiral resonator which is etched directly onto the plate. This allows the proposed antenna to maintain its full band UWB coverage, with the HYPERLAN/2 band centered at 5.35 GHz to be effectively rejected over the sub‐band 5.15–5.725 GHz, without the need for substantial re‐optimization of its principal structure parameters. The impedance bandwidth operates over the full UWB band, with VSWR better than 2, this performance is not degraded by the presence of the band rejection. The observed gains, radiation patterns, and group delay confirm that the antenna has appropriate characteristics for short range wireless applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2013.     

A compact multi‐band multi‐input multi‐output antenna for 4G/5G and IoT devices using theory of characteristic modes

A compact four element multi‐band multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) antenna system for 4G/5G and IoT applications is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna is developed using the theory of characteristic modes helping in systematic design of MIMO antenna system. It consists of four L‐shaped planar inverted‐F antenna (PIFA) elements each operating at 3.5, 12.5, and 17 GHz bands with the bandwidth of 359 MHz, 1 GHz, and more than 3.7 GHz, respectively. The proposed antenna system is suitable for both 4G/5G and internet of things devices as it shows the satisfactory MIMO system performance. Good isolation characteristics are observed by implementing complimentary Metamaterial structure on the ground plane resulting in isolation level lower than ?21 dB between the antenna elements. The proposed antenna is fabricated and experimental results are also presented and discussed.     

A compact planar inverted‐F antenna with U‐shaped strip for all‐metal‐shell handset application

A compact dual‐band planar inverted‐F antenna (PIFA) with U‐shaped strip is proposed in this work for all‐metal‐shell mobile telephone application. As metal‐shell handsets are getting more and more popular nowadays, it raises a big challenge in antenna design as the metal‐shell associated with surrounding electronic components like front‐back‐cameras and telephone receiver would affect the antenna performance. This work provides an optional solution to alleviate this problem, where the metal shell of the handset and a U‐shaped strip are utilized as part of the antenna. The proposed antenna is able to generate radiation at 2.4 GHz for Wi‐Fi application with the help of the metal shell while using the U‐shaped strip can achieve a resonance at 1.575 GHz for GPS application. A prototype has been fabricated to verify the radiation performance in a practical handset test environment.     

RFID tag antenna for ultra and super high frequency band applications

A novel dual‐band antenna for radio frequency identification tag is proposed for ultra high frequency (UHF: 915 MHz) and super high frequency (SHF: 2450 MHz) bands. The proposed tag antenna is a single sided dual‐antenna structure, designed on the grounded (metallic) dielectric substrate. The proposed tag antenna can be used on any kind of surfaces including metals without severe performance degradation due to its metallic ground plane. At UHF band, proposed tag antenna works as dual‐antenna structure. In the dual‐antenna structure, one antenna works for receiving and another for backscattering. Due to separate backscatterer, the maximum differential radar cross section improved and results in the enhancement of the maximum read range. Whereas at SHF band, proposed antenna works as conventional single antenna structure and during operations it switches between receiving and backscattering modes. The proposed antenna consists of a meandered line antenna and a rectangular patch antenna loaded with an F‐shaped and an inverted L‐shaped slots. The S‐parameters are measured by means of differential probe technique. Simulated and measured results are observed in good agreement. The read range is observed about 5 and 6 m at 915 and 2450 MHz, respectively. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 26:640–650, 2016.     

Design of defective electromagnetic band‐gap structures for use in dual‐band patch antennas

Generally, the surface wave of an antenna can be suppressed by integrating the electromagnetic band‐gap (EBG) structures. However, to achieve this effect, the EBG cells must be reasonably designed, otherwise it may lead to performance degradation instead. In this article, a dual‐band pinwheel‐shaped slot EBG structure is proposed. When applied to a patch antenna, defects are introduced into 3 rows of the EBG unit cells. The proposed antenna, incorporating EBGs designed with structural defects, to radiate at 4.9 and 5.4 GHz is simulated and tested. The measured results show that the ?10‐dB bandwidth of the proposed EBG antenna is extended by 41% and 25.4% at low frequency and high frequency, respectively. In addition, the peak gain of the proposed EBG antenna is increased by 2.44 dB at 4.9 GHz and 2.86 dB at 5.4 GHz with >40% efficiency. When compared with the periodic EBG antenna, this antenna is more effective. Thus, these experimental results show that the performance of the EBG antenna can be improved by interrupting the periodicity of the EBGs structures.