正硅酸乙酯对锐钛矿型二氧化钛多孔薄膜的室温制备及性能的影响

为在室温下制备具有良好多孔性的结晶二氧化钛(TiO2)薄膜,利用异相凝聚的方法将锐钛矿晶型TiO2溶胶粒子包覆在苯丙乳液粒子表面,并添加正硅酸乙酯(tetraethyl orthosilicate, TEOS)制得涂膜液.通过浸渍提拉法制备薄膜,随后在超声波振荡条件下,以甲苯为溶剂,将薄膜中的苯丙乳液粒子选择性地溶解去除获得多孔结构.对薄膜的表面形貌及光催化性能进行了考察,并分析了TEOS对薄膜制备及性能的影响.结果表明:添加TEOS的加入能提高涂膜液的成膜性,适量的TEOS有利于形成具有密集孔洞的TiO2薄膜.随TEOS添加量的提高,薄膜趋于平整,薄膜的透光率增大;光催化活性则随TEOS添加量先增大、后减小,其变化规律主要由薄膜多孔性,薄膜中TiO2含量以及薄膜的表面羟基数量等因素所决定.     

高醇解度PVAL/PEG合金薄膜的制备及相分离研究

采用溶液流延法制备了不同配比的聚乙烯醇(PVAL)/聚乙二醇(PEG)合金薄膜.研究了PEG含量和处理时间对PVAI/PEG合金薄膜相分离现象的影响.结果表明,PEG与PVAL的共混只是依靠物理作用结合在一起,两者之间并未发生化学变化.随着PEG含量或热处理时间的增加,合金薄膜的失重率上升,透光率下降.PEG不能稳定存在于PVAL相中,随着PEG含量或处理时间增加,PVAL与PEG会逐渐发生相分离.     

乙醇对溶胶-凝胶法制备SiO_2溶胶性能的影响

以HNO3为催化剂,用正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)溶胶-凝胶工艺制备纳米多孔二氧化硅薄膜。较详细地研究了工艺参数乙醇/TEOS摩尔比对溶胶性能的影响.结果表明,随着乙醇/TEOS摩尔比的增大,溶胶粘度减小,凝胶时间变长,胶体粒径有变小趋势。     

PEG对二氧化钛薄膜微观结构和光催化性能的影响

用聚乙二醇(PEG)1000作为添加剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了二氧化钛薄膜,通过改变PEG的含量得到不同微观结构的薄膜,进而研究了PEG的含量对二氧化钛薄膜光催化性能的影响.实验结果表明:在30 mL钛溶液中加入O g、O.3 g、O.6 g和0.9 g(PEG) 1000制备的薄膜中均主要含有锐钛矿型二氧化钛晶粒,其中溶胶中加入0.6g(PEG) 1000制成的TiO2多孔薄膜孔穴均匀分布,薄膜的表面平均粗糙度为9.11 nm,光催化性能最高,在180 min内对罗丹明B的降解率达到90.6％.     

可降解柔性相变薄膜的制备及其热性能

为解决相变材料易泄漏、热导率低和力学性能差的问题,以生物基可降解聚乳酸(PLA)为基底,聚乙二醇(PEG)为相变工质,改性氧化铝(Al₂O₃)为导热添加剂,通过溶液共混法制备PEG/PLA/Al₂O₃柔性相变薄膜,用于热储能。相变薄膜可任意卷曲和折叠而不发生断裂,表现出良好的柔性。对其热性能、导热性能和降解性能等进行测试,结果表明：PEG和PLA具有良好的相容性,PLA作为支撑基底有效防止了PEG液体的泄漏,所制备的柔性相变薄膜具有良好的形状稳定性。PEG/PLA的熔融和凝固过程中的潜热分别为120.2和128.5 J/g,潜热留存率分别为62.2%和67.6%,添加20%的氧化铝,潜热值仅降低12.5%,而热导率提高了75.0%,热传递效率得到明显提升。PEG/PLA的降解速率明显高于PLA,PEG/PLA薄膜在NaOH溶液(pH=13)中4 h左右可完全降解,具有良好的环境友好性。     

搪瓷表面TiO2薄膜的制备和光催化性能表征

以搪瓷表面为载体,在常温下采用溶胶-凝胶法制备二氧化钛(TiO2)薄膜,研究使用未添加聚乙二醇(PEG)的溶胶和添加少量PEG的溶胶制备出的薄膜在催化性能上的区别.结果表明,薄膜在450℃热处理1h后,具有完整的锐钛矿相和良好的光催化性能;使用添加少量PEG的溶胶制备的薄膜,其光催化能力更好.     

PVA/PEG/TEOS杂化膜制备及性能研究

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)与聚乙二醇(PEG)共混,并与正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)进行交联反应制备杂化膜。FTIR证实杂化溶胶液发生交联反应形成共价键Si—O—C,WXRD观察表明加入TEOS改变了膜结晶度,加入PEG提高了PVA膜对乙醇/水溶液的渗透通量,但分离因子下降,随着TEOS的加入,膜的分离因子提高。在TEOS质量分数为10%时,杂化膜的分离因子达到最大。提高退火温度可以提高膜的分离因子,但通量下降。在100℃下退火12 h的杂化膜对乙醇质量分数为85%的乙醇/水溶液的分离性能最佳。     

聚乙二醇增塑聚乳酸复合薄膜的制备与性能研究

通过溶液共混法,以三氯甲烷为溶剂,分别以聚乙二醇200(PEG200)和聚乙二醇1000(PEG1000)作为增塑剂制备了PEG增塑的聚乳酸复合薄膜。通过机械拉伸、热重、XRD和DSC对复合薄膜的力学性能、热稳定性以及热性能进行了表征。结果表明:PEG的加入能有效增强聚乳酸的柔性,断裂伸长率随PEG含量的增大明显升高,拉伸强度则随之降低,且少量添加时PEG200比PEG1000的增塑效率更高;增塑的聚乳酸薄膜低温热稳定性下降,冷结晶温度(t_c)和熔融温度(t_m)降低,结晶能力大幅提高,添加量为15%(质量分数)时PEG200和PEG1000增塑的聚乳酸薄膜结晶度(X_c)分别达到41.06%和50.15%。     

非水解溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2光催化薄膜

以TiCl4为前驱体,无水乙醇为氧供体,聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol,PEG)为成膜控制剂,通过非水解溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2光催化薄膜.应用X射线衍射和热重-差式扫描量热研究了TiO2凝胶在热处理过程中的物相变化.采用场发射扫描电镜和光照甲基橙的降解实验研究了TiCl4浓度和镀膜次数对TiO2薄膜显微结构和光催化活性的影响.结果表明:非水解溶胶-凝胶法制备的TiO2薄膜开始出现金红石相的温度为750 ℃,高于传统水解溶胶-凝胶法制备的薄膜.TiCl4浓度和PEG用量是影响薄膜结构和光催化性能的关键因素.当TiCl4浓度为0.83 mol/L,PEG与TiCl4摩尔比为0.1时,所制备的薄膜是一种晶粒细小且孔隙及孔径分布均匀的多孔膜,这有利于提高薄膜的比表面积,薄膜具有最佳的光催化性能.     

水含量对PI/SiO2纳米杂化薄膜热稳定性的影响

以TEOS为无机前躯体,采用溶胶-凝胶路线成功制备了水含量不同的3种聚酰亚胺/二氧化硅(P1/SiO2)纳米杂化薄膜.采用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析(TGA)等方法研究了杂化薄膜的结构与热稳定性.研究结果表明:水含量对PI/SiO2杂化薄膜热稳定性影响很大.在水含量不同的3种杂化薄膜中,当水含量为1:6时,热稳定性最高.在质量损失为5％时,杂化薄膜的热分解温度为592.1℃.与纯PI相比,热稳定性升高.     

PEG对SiO2增透膜光学性能及稳定性的影响

以正硅酸乙酯为前驱体和聚乙二醇（PEG）为添加剂,采用酸催化法制备出SiO2溶胶,利用提拉法在玻璃上制备了非晶结构的SiO2薄膜。研究了PEG分子量和添加量对SiO2薄膜的增透效果及其稳定性的影响规律,分子量较大或添加量较多时易于形成高孔隙率的薄膜。添加10％PEG2000的溶胶制备的SiO2薄膜在400—900纳米波长范围内的平均透过率可达94．6％,并具有优良的环境稳定性能。     

NIR-shielding films based on PEDOT-PSS/polysiloxane and polysilsesquioxane hybrid

Near-infrared (NIR)-shielding films based on polysiloxane or polysilsesquioxanes and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(4-styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT-PSS) were synthesized via a sol–gel reaction. Phase-separated mixtures of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) or methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) with an aqueous dispersion of PEDOT-PSS formed deep-blue homogeneously dispersed sols after stirring. Thin films were prepared by depositing the resulting homogeneously dispersed sols on a glass substrate by spin coating and heating. PEDOT-PSS/TEOS films maintained uniform flat surfaces after 10 coatings. MTES-based films exhibited mottled patterns with nonuniform surfaces. The 10-layer TEOS-based film has high NIR-shielding properties with moderately visible transmittance. NIR absorption by the PEDOT-PSS/TEOS hybrid suppresses air temperature elevation. The five-layer TEOS-based film showed similar NIR-shielding ability and slightly lower visible light transmittance compared with tin-doped indium oxide glass. The 10-layer TEOS-based film exhibited a 15.6% lower temperature rise than the uncoated glass substrate. Specifically, this is an environmentally friendly NIR-shielding material. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48367.     

Fabrication of superhydrophobic silica‐based surfaces with high transmittance by using polypropylene and tetraeyhoxysilane precursors

Preparation of superhydrophobic silica‐based surfaces via sol–gel process by adding polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymer into the precursor solution has been developed. Surface roughness of the films was obtained by removing the organic polymer at 500°C and then the hydrophobic groups bonded onto the films were obtained by self‐assembly modification with a monolayer. Characteristic properties of the as‐prepared films were analyzed by contact angle measurements, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, UV–vis scanning spectrophotometer, and X‐ray photoelectron spectrophotometer. The experimental parameters were varied by the type of silane species, the R ratio, the hydrolysis time of the precursor solution, the molecular weight of PEG, the pH value of mixing solution, and the different reagents for modification. The results showed that optimum ratio of TEOS/H₂O/ethanol in the sol–gel process for precursor solution was set to 1/10/4. The better contact angles of the films can be obtained by the acid catalyst reaction, especially the pH value of mixing solution was adjusted to 0. When the as‐prepared rough films were modified with (tridecafluoro‐1,1,2,2‐tetrahydrooctyl) dimethylchlorosilane (TFCS), the contact angle of the film can be promoted to 150.4°, and the transmittance of the films in the visible light region was greater than 94.5%. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

二氧化硅无机薄膜的制备及性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以正硅酸乙酯为原料,不同浓度氨水溶液做催化剂制备了SiO2薄膜,用可见分光光度计,综合热分析仪、X射线粉末衍射等分析手段对薄膜进行表征。研究发现,随氨水浓度的提高,所制备的SiO2薄膜的透光率提高,薄膜与基底的附着力也相应提高。XRD分析结果表明二氧化硅薄膜具有非晶态的无序结构。     

Dependence of the Structural,Electrical and Optical Properties of PbSe Nanomaterial Prepared by Hydrothermal Method on the Polyethylene Glycol Content

PbSe was prepared by hydrothermal method using 20, 60, 80, 100 mg contents of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a surfactant. PbSe films with a thickness of about 120 nm and constant rate of evaporation were prepared on glass and quartz substrates using thermal evaporation technique for studying their electrical and optical properties, respectively. The prepared films were identified by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope and energy dispersive X-rays. The variations of resistivity, carrier concentration and carrier mobility of the films with temperature and PEG content were investigated. The optical properties of the films were studied by using spectrophotometric measurements of the transmittance and reflectance in the wavelength range 500–2500 nm. The optical band gap of the films was calculated and it is found to increase with increasing PEG content.     

复合改性纳米TiO_2的抗紫外性能及其应用

采用硅烷偶联剂(KH570)以及偶联剂和有机物(山梨醇、油酸、钛酸酯、聚乙二醇6000)复合对纳米二氧化钛(TiO_2)进行表面改性,研究了偶联剂和复合改性剂对纳米TiO_2抗紫外性能的影响。通过扫描电子显微镜、二次粒径分析、沉降试验、傅里叶变换红外光谱、同步热分析等对改性前后的纳米TiO_2进行表征。结果表明,KH570+聚乙二醇6000复合改性的纳米TiO_2二次粒径最小,平均粒径为0.047μm;沉降试验中其上清液在350 nm处的吸光度达最高为1.067 76;吸油值最大达86.19 cm~3/g,呈现良好的分散性和疏水性。另外,KH570+聚乙二醇6000改性的纳米TiO_2具有相对最强的紫外吸收能力,而且对亚甲基蓝溶液的降解率相对最小。将改性后的纳米TiO_2添加到PVC基体中,制得PVC/TiO_2薄膜,该薄膜经120 h加速老化后,发现由KH570+聚乙二醇6000改性纳米TiO_2制得的PVC薄膜的光透过率相对最低,拉伸性能最高,体现了其相对优越的抗紫外性能以及KH570+聚乙二醇6000相对优异的改性效果。     

Characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels and PVA-derived hybrids by small-angle X-ray scattering and FTIR spectroscopy

The purpose of this study is to develop novel poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel blends and PVA-derived organic-inorganic hybrid materials and perform nanostructural characterizations. PVA and PEG hydrogels were prepared by dissolving the polymer in aqueous solution, followed by addition of glutaraldehyde (GA) chemical crosslinker. Hybrids were synthesized by reacting PVA in aqueous solution with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). PVA/TEOS were also modified in the nanometer-scale by crosslinking with GA during the synthesis reaction. Hydrogels and hybrids were characterized by using small-angle X-ray scattering synchrotron radiation (SAXS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Thin film samples were prepared for SAXS experiments. SAXS results have indicated different nano-ordered disperse phases for hydrogels made of PVA, PEG, PVA/GA, PVA/PEG. Also, PVA/TEOS and PVA/TEOS/GA hybrids have indicated different X-ray scattering patterns. FTIR spectra have showed major vibration bands associated with organic-inorganic chemical groups present in the hybrid nanocomposites PVA/TEOS and PVA/TEOS/GA. PVA/PEG hydrogels and PVA-derived hybrid materials were successfully produced with GA crosslinking in nanometer-scale network.     

Properties of vertically oriented mesoporous film prepared by electrochemical deposition

A mesoporous silica film with highly ordered vertically oriented channels was successfully prepared using electrochemical deposition. During preparation, negative potential was applied to the working electrode that was immersed into the original sol to induce OH^? ions. These ions were then used as catalyst to promote the condensation polymerization and self-assembly of TEOS to form a mesoporous film with vertical orientation. We studied the effect of the supporting electrolyte on the TEOS hydrolysis and the electrodeposition process. Results showed that neutral nitrate is a high efficient supporting electrolyte. The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy characterization of the film surface showed that the channels of the mesoporous film were cylindrical in shape and arranged in an orderly manner. However, regional “polycrystalline” structures with defects were also observed. Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy analysis was also performed to characterize the transmittance of the prepared mesoporous films. Results showed that the prepared film is a promising optical amorphous antireflection film with larger porosity.     

Preparation and characterization of a poly(vinyl alcohol)/tetraethoxysilane ultrafiltration membrane by a sol–gel method

Using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with highly hydrophilic properties as membrane material and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as an additive, we prepared PVA/tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes with good antifouling properties by a sol–gel method. The PVA/TEOS UF membranes were characterized by X‐ray diffraction patterns, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and static contact angle of measurement of water. The hybridization of TEOS to PVA for preparing the PVA/TEOS UF membranes achieved the required permeation performance and good antifouling behaviors. The morphology and permeation performance of the PVA/TEOS membranes varied with the different TEOS loadings and PEG contents. The pure water fluxes (J_W) increased and the rejections (Rs) decreased with increasing TEOS loading and PEG content. The PVA/TEOS UF membrane with a PVA/TEOS/PEG/H₂O composition mass ratio of 10/3/4/83 in the dope solution had a J_W of 66.5 L m^?2 h^?1 and an R of 60.3% when we filtered it with 300 ppm of bovine serum albumin aqueous solution at an operational pressure difference of 0.1 MPa. In addition, the filtration and backwashing experiment proved that the PVA/TEOS membranes possessed good long‐term antifouling abilities. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 4066–4074, 2013