IWFUCIA: An integrated model for Wi-Fi fingerprints radio map updating and localization on changed impact analysis

In Wi-Fi fingerprinting indoor localization, automating radio map database maintenance is one of the crucial issues, as it is a labour-intensive and long-term task for collecting and filtering samples to keep an up-to-date and accurate database. In particular, those access points (APs) newly installed in the environment should update radio maps and be included in the database to improve localization performance. This study presents an IWFUCIA system that automates indoor radio map database maintenance (RMapDM) using crowdsourced samples without accurate location annotation. The IWFUCIA incorporates the newly installed APs detection and identification, the significant APs feature selection, fingerprint integration updating, and online localization algorithms. After collecting new crowdsourced samples, we apply Willmott’s index of agreement (WIA) based on the Supported Vector Machine (SVM) regression to detect and identify a newly installed AP and the original existing ones. After getting the new APs, we propose a correlated coefficient and t-test score algorithm to select only those significant AP-based feature samples. We also proposed a fingerprint integration model to fuse original existing and new APs to update the database. Extensive experiments have been conducted in our teaching building to validate and evaluate the effectiveness of IWFUCIA. The results show that our IWFUCIA is robust for long-term maintenance and updating the outdated radio map database server. The average localization accuracy achieves 0.466 m, which significantly outperforms the localization positioning approaches with the original radio map by 84.96%, outdated radio maps by the changed APs powers removed, increased and decreased by 26.32%, 55.36%, and 73.14%, respectively.     

LiDAR/IMU紧耦合的实时定位方法

本文以实现移动小型智能化系统的实时自主定位为目标, 针对激光里程计误差累计大, 旋转估计不稳定, 以及观测信息利用不充分等问题, 提出一种LiDAR/IMU紧耦合的实时定位方法 — Inertial-LOAM. 数据预处理部分, 对IMU数据预积分, 降低优化变量维度, 并为点云畸变校正提供参考. 提出一种基于角度图像的快速点云分割方法, 筛选结构性显著的点作为特征点, 降低点云规模, 保证激光里程计的效率; 针对地图构建部分存在的地图匹配点搜索效率低和离散点云地图的不完整性问题, 提出传感器中心的多尺度地图模型, 利用环形容器保持地图点恒定, 并结合多尺度格网保证地图模型中点的均匀分布. 数据融合部分, 提出LiDAR/IMU紧耦合的优化方法, 将IMU和LiDAR构成的预积分因子、配准因子、闭环因子插入全局因子图中, 采用基于贝叶斯树的因子图优化算法对变量节点进行增量式优化估计, 实现数据融合. 最后, 采用实测数据评估Inertial-LOAM的性能并与LeGO-LOAM, LOAM和Cartographer对比. 结果表明, Inertial-LOAM在不明显增加运算负担的前提下大幅降低连续配准误差造成的误差累计, 具有良好的实时性; 在结构性特征明显的室内环境, 定位精度达厘米级, 与对比方法持平; 在开阔的室外环境, 定位精度达分米级, 而对比方法均存在不同程度的漂移.     

基于相位差测距的RFID室内定位系统设计

针对当前室内定位的广泛需求及传统室内定位技术的缺陷,设计了一种基于相位差测距的射频识别(RFID)室内定位系统.系统主要由RFID阅读器、电子标签、STM32模块组成,3个电子标签固定在特定位置作为信标节点,1个RFID阅读器作为移动节点发射与接收超高频信号,STM32模块根据测得的相位差计算相应的距离,并利用改进后的三边定位法,确定阅读器的位置.在实验室对进行了设计并测试,结果表明:该系统能很好地完成定位功能,定位精度达到厘米(cm)级,可满足众多领域的应用需求.     

基于J2ME的手机室内导航系统

随着GPS全球定位系统技术快速发展,以及数字地图应用的普及,手机导航系统得到了快速的发展。但当前GPS导航大多应用于室外导航,室内导航是导航系统中相对空白的领域。该文结合手机定位与数字地图传送功能,对J2ME开发平台下基于手机室内导航系统进行了研究,提出了可行的解决方案。     

富媒体技术在手机广播社交中的研究与应用

3G网络与智能机的普及,带来了移动媒体应用的大变革. 本文旨在通过对富媒体技术的研究与分析,论述其在基于iOS的社交平台——沈阳手机广播系统中的应用,并通过音频队列服务和线程队列服务及缓存策略对富媒体的传输、呈现机制进行优化. 目前该手机广播系统已通过测试,并在AppStore上线,经实验与实践证明,该设计方案在性能与用户体验方面能满足用户的移动社交需求.     

基于网络编码的手机用户群文件共享和同步

为了快速、准确的实现一跳范围内手机用户群的文件共享,以达到手机用户之间进行协同工作的目的,在Android操作平台上设计、实施了本系统。在系统中提出了基于网络编码的可靠广播算法来保证文件传输的可靠性和快速性,并通过基于机会编码的全网同步算法来实现任一时刻手机群中各节点文件同步。通过真实实验验证了系统中文件共享的时延并不会随着手机群中节点数目的增加而增加,文件同步时网络中数据量大幅度下降,因此相比并发共享等其它方法,系统提供了一种快速、可靠的手机群文件共享和同步方法。     

A real-time indoor localization approach integrated with a Geographic Information System (GIS)

Nowadays, accurate maps from mostly anywhere in the world can be obtained for free, with the exception of indoor spaces. However, the evidence seems to suggest that in the next few years indoor maps will be more and more available for anyone. Thus, profiting from the idea of easily obtainable indoor maps, we present a novel approach for real-time mobile robot localization that focuses on spatial reasoning at a high abstraction level. In order to manage and query existing indoor spatial models, we rely on the power of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and spatial databases. Moreover, to extract symbolic information from the environment, we have developed a door detection system that fuses 2D laser and vision data. We have integrated these two ideas into an extended Kalman filter localization framework. Our proposal has been implemented and tested through autonomous navigation missions in real-world scenarios. Extensive experimental results are provided, which show robustness and accuracy concerning both door detection and localization.     

基于Android手机的人员定位与管理系统

提出来一种基于Android手机系统和Windows平台的人员定位与管理系统。该系统使用Android手机采集人员的位置和通信信息,通过手机GPRS网络将信息传送给服务器。管理者通过浏览程序访问服务器,获取人员的位置信息及与特定人员进行通信。系统是使用手机移动设备对人员进行管理的初步尝试,并且能建立高效的人员管理程序。     

基于人工路标的易部署室内机器人全局定位系统

在一些布局易变或存在较多动态障碍物的室内,移动机器人的全局定位依然面临较大的应用挑战.针对这类场景,实现了一种新的基于人工路标的易部署室内机器人全局定位系统.该系统将人工路标粘贴在不易被遮挡的天花板上来作为参照物,仅依赖一个摄像头即能实现稳定的全局定位.整个系统根据具体的功能分为地图构建和全局定位两个过程.在地图构建过程中,系统使用激光SLAM算法所输出的位姿估计结果为基准,根据相机对路标点的观测信息来自动估计人工路标点在全局坐标系中的位姿,建立人工路标地图.而在全局定位过程中,该系统则是根据相机对地图中已知位姿的人工路标点的观测信息,结合里程计与IMU融合的预积分信息来对位姿进行实时估计.充分的实验测试表明,机器人在该系统所部署范围内运行的定位误差稳定在10 cm以内,且运行过程可以保证实时位姿输出,满足典型实际室内移动机器人全局定位的应用需求.     

Multimodal localization: Stereo over LiDAR map

In this paper, we present a real‐time high‐precision visual localization system for an autonomous vehicle which employs only low‐cost stereo cameras to localize the vehicle with a priori map built using a more expensive 3D LiDAR sensor. To this end, we construct two different visual maps: a sparse feature visual map for visual odometry (VO) based motion tracking, and a semidense visual map for registration with the prior LiDAR map. To register two point clouds sourced from different modalities (i.e., cameras and LiDAR), we leverage probabilistic weighted normal distributions transformation (ProW‐NDT), by particularly taking into account the uncertainty of source point clouds. The registration results are then fused via pose graph optimization to correct the VO drift. Moreover, surfels extracted from the prior LiDAR map are used to refine the sparse 3D visual features that will further improve VO‐based motion estimation. The proposed system has been tested extensively in both simulated and real‐world experiments, showing that robust, high‐precision, real‐time localization can be achieved.     

Vision-based global localization for mobile robots with hybrid maps of objects and spatial layouts

This paper presents a novel vision-based global localization that uses hybrid maps of objects and spatial layouts. We model indoor environments with a stereo camera using the following visual cues: local invariant features for object recognition and their 3D positions for object pose estimation. We also use the depth information at the horizontal centerline of image where the optical axis passes through, which is similar to the data from a 2D laser range finder. This allows us to build our topological node that is composed of a horizontal depth map and an object location map. The horizontal depth map describes the explicit spatial layout of each local space and provides metric information to compute the spatial relationships between adjacent spaces, while the object location map contains the pose information of objects found in each local space and the visual features for object recognition. Based on this map representation, we suggest a coarse-to-fine strategy for global localization. The coarse pose is estimated by means of object recognition and SVD-based point cloud fitting, and then is refined by stochastic scan matching. Experimental results show that our approaches can be used for an effective vision-based map representation as well as for global localization methods.     

融合双目视觉和2D激光雷达的室外定位

高精度的定位对于自动驾驶至关重要. 2D激光雷达作为一种高精度的传感器被广泛应用于各种室内定位系统.然而在室外环境下,大量动态目标的存在使得相邻点云的匹配变得尤为困难,且2D激光雷达的点云数据存在稀疏性的问题,导致2D激光雷达在室外环境下的定位精度极低甚至无法实现定位.为此,提出一种融合双目视觉和2D激光雷达的室外定位算法.首先,利用双目视觉作为里程计提供相对位姿,将一个局部时间窗口内多个时刻得到的2D激光雷达数据融合成一个局部子图;然后,采用DS证据理论融合局部子图中的时态信息,以消除动态目标带来的噪声;最后,利用基于ICA的图像匹配方法将局部子图与预先构建的全局先验地图进行匹配,消除里程计的累积误差,实现高精度定位.在KITTI数据集上的实验结果表明,仅利用低成本的双目相机和2D激光雷达便可实现较高精度的定位,所提出算法的定位精度相比于ORB-SLAM2里程计最高可提升37.9%.     

Application of Evolutionary Neural Networks on Optimization Design of Mobile Phone Based on User's Emotional Needs

Taking users’ emotional needs into consideration, this research aims to propose a new method to present product design features exactly and completely. On the basis of genetic algorithm integrated with back‐propagation (BP) neural networks, taking the mobile phone as research object, an optimization design algorithm was finally designed. First, the continuous and discrete design variables that describe mobile phones were screened with methods of dimensions, coordinate label, and morphological analysis. Forty three‐dimensional (3D) mobile phone models were designed by using 3D design software PROE. Accordingly, 12 representative mobile phones were selected through multidimensional scaling analysis and cluster analysis. Fourteen pairwise Kansei image words were obtained by collecting, screening, surveys, and statistical analysis method. Second, a BP neural networks model between design variables and user preference along with Kansei image words was established and verified with questionnaire survey data. Finally, the optimization design model for mobile phones was established considering design requirements and users’ emotional needs. A genetic algorithm integrated with BP neural networks was used to optimize mobile phone design. The results show that the optimization scheme is superior to others, and this paper will provide design suggestion for mobile phone designers.     

基于3D激光雷达的SLAM算法研究现状与发展趋势

即时定位与地图构建(simultaneous localization and mapping, SLAM)算法是移动机器人实现自主移动的关键环节。激光雷达(LiDAR)具有测距精度高、不易受外部干扰和地图构建直观方便等优点,广泛应用于大型复杂室内外场景地图的构建。随着3D激光器的应用与普及,国内外学者围绕基于3D激光雷达的SLAM算法的研究已取得丰硕的成果。梳理了3D激光SLAM算法在前端数据关联、后端优化等环节的国内外研究现状,分析总结了目前各种3D激光SLAM算法以及改进方案的原理和优缺点,阐述了深度学习和多传感器融合理论与技术在3D激光SLAM算法中的应用情况,指出多源信息融合、与深度学习结合、应用场景的鲁棒性、 SLAM算法通用框架及移动传感器和无线信号体制的技术渗透是3D激光SLAM算法的研究热点和发展趋势。研究成果对3D激光SLAM算法和未知环境中移动机器人即时定位和地图构建的研究具有重要的参考价值和指导意义。     

嵌入式SyncML服务器的设计与实现

该文应用SyncML协议实现了蓝牙手机与车载免提系统之间的电话本同步,其中车载系统为SyncML服务器端。系统采用双处理器结构,使用CSR公司的BlueCore5蓝牙芯片实现SyncML的OBEX绑定协议,使用飞思卡尔公司的32位嵌入式处理器MCF5251,以SyncML参考工具包SRTK(SyncML Reference Toolkit)为基础实现SyncML的表示协议、同步协议和应用程序。实验结果表明,本系统能满足绝大多数手机的同步要求。     

一种基于海马认知机理的仿生机器人认知地图构建方法

海马结构空间细胞的放电活动被认为能够形成对环境内在地图的表达,即所谓的认知地图.先前的仿生环境认知地图构建方法（例如RatSLAM）以及传统的SLAM方法均缺乏足够的生理学依据,不能准确地体现出生物在导航中的生理学现象和认知功能实现过程.本文模仿海马结构空间细胞的认知机理提出了一种构建精确的环境认知地图的方法,其特点在于通过构建统一的空间细胞吸引子计算模型对自运动线索进行路径积分;网格细胞和位置细胞对环境的表达来源于条纹细胞的前向驱动作用;通过环境的颜色深度图像进行闭环检测,对空间细胞路径积分进行误差修正,最终生成精确的环境认知地图.该认知地图是一种拓扑度量地图,包含了环境特征点坐标、视觉线索以及特定位点的拓扑关系.本文通过仿真实验和机器人平台物理实验验证了方法的有效性,研究成果为仿海马认知机理的机器人导航方法研究奠定了基础.     

基于RFID的校园导航系统的设计与实现

随着GIS、LBS技术和移动互联网技术等核心技术的发展,服务于普通大众的个人导航系统成为应用热点。室内行走引导是个人导航系统的核心之一,其中涉及的室内定位技术一直是研究的难点之一。基于固定式RFID标签群,生成室内位置地图,将随身移动式RFID读写器和个人智能手机相结合,完成室内定位、路径计算和导航提醒。基于上述设计方案,完成了一个基于RFID的南京大学校园导航系统,并将其投入了实际使用。     

A novel mobile recommender system for indoor shopping

With the widespread usage of mobile terminals, the mobile recommender system is proposed to improve recommendation performance, using positioning technologies. However, due to restrictions of existing positioning technologies, mobile recommender systems are still not being applied to indoor shopping, which continues to be the main shopping mode. In this paper, we develop a mobile recommender system for stores under the circumstance of indoor shopping, based on the proposed novel indoor mobile positioning approach by using received signal patterns of mobile phones, which can overcome the disadvantages of existing positioning technologies. Especially, the mobile recommender system can implicitly capture users’ preferences by analyzing users’ positions, without requiring users’ explicit inputting, and take the contextual information into consideration when making recommendations. A comprehensive experimental evaluation shows the new proposed mobile recommender system achieves much better user satisfaction than the benchmark method, without losing obvious recommendation performances.     

移动位置的信息服务系统研究

随着移动通信技术的发展,无线网的覆盖面越来越广,移动电话发起的紧急呼叫数量在全部紧急呼叫中所占的比例也随之上升。现有的无线网能为移动电话紧急呼叫提供的辅助决策信息非常少。研究的目标是设计一种精确安全的报警系统,使得市民可以便捷并安全地将案情报告给指挥中心,而且指挥中心能够根据案发地点找出最近的警力及时赶往现场,第一时间处理案情。研究表明,系统能够实现报警电话快速定位的功能,并通过地图或文字描述等方式展示位置信息,达到接警、处警对位置信息的要求。     

视觉伺服机械臂手机抓取最佳位姿检测

针对下水道、勾缝等狭窄位置的手机拾取的问题, 本文提出一种基于机器视觉的伺服机械臂抓取方法. 首先对机械臂eye-in-hand上的相机进行标定, 图像预处理及目标检测等, 在位姿检测中提出一种基于二维坐标系下手机位姿解算算法, 得出解算的最佳位姿角只与夹持点的像素坐标的差值有关, 其位姿角的大小决定了手抓旋转的角度. 实验用Matlab软件对位姿检测进行仿真分析, 其包括SURF不变特征点的目标检测实验和位姿解算实验, 最后用Rethink双臂机器人的右臂对手机进行抓取验证. 实验表明, 在误差允许范围内, 提出的算法具有一定的有效性, 其结果为伺服机械臂抓取手机提供良好的准确性.