清胰汤对大鼠急性胰腺炎肺损伤中水通道蛋白-1(AQP-1)表达的影响

目的:探讨清胰汤对大鼠急性胰腺炎肺损伤时水通道蛋白-1(AQP-1)表达的影响。方法:将Wistar大鼠分为假手术组(SHAM)、肺损伤组(ALI)、地塞米松组(DEX)与清胰汤组(QYT)。采用逆行胰胆管注射去氧胆酸诱发大鼠急性胰腺炎肺损伤模型,SHAM组仅翻动胰腺,DEX组于造模后立即于股静脉注射地塞米松,QYT组于造模后立即予清胰汤灌胃治疗。各组于造模后8h取血及肺组织。检测血淀粉酶、血气、肺干/湿比值和肺组织病理切片,放免法测血清TNF-α水平,RT-PCR检测肺组织AQP-1 mRNA的表达,免疫组化法检测肺组织AQP-1的表达。结果:胰腺炎ALI组血清淀粉酶、TNF-α明显升高,DEX组与QYT组则明显下降。ALI组AQP-1mRNA和AQP-1的蛋白表达显著下调,DEX组与QYT组较肺损伤组呈显著上调。DEX组与QYT组低氧血症、肺干/湿比值、肺组织病理损害程度较ALI组明显减轻。AQP-1mRNA和AQP-1的蛋白表达与TNF-α的水平呈负相关性。结论:清胰汤通过抑制TNF-α的释放,上调水通道蛋白-1表达,从而减轻急性胰腺炎的肺损伤。     

清胰汤对大鼠急性坏死性胰腺炎时胰腺腺泡细胞凋亡的影响

目的：研究清胰汤对大鼠急性坏死性胰腺炎时胰腺腺泡细胞凋亡的影响。方法：选用健康雄性SD大鼠30只，随机分为假手术组、模型组和清胰汤治疗组，每组10只。采用TUNEL技术检测胰腺腺泡细胞的凋亡；RT-PCR检测胰腺组织Bax和Caspase一8mRNA的表达；免疫组化分析胰腺组织Bax和Gaspase-8蛋白表达。结果：与模型组比较，清胰汤组大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞凋亡显著增多（P＜0.01），BaxmRNA及蛋白表达水平显著升高（P＜0.05）；血清淀粉酶及TNF-α、IL-6水平显著降低（P＜0.05），胰腺组织病理损害明显减轻。结论：清胰汤可能通过上调Bax基因的表达促进胰腺腺泡细胞凋亡，减轻胰腺组织病理损害。     

一氧化氮对重症急性胰腺炎肺损伤的作用及其机制

目的研究一氧化氮(NO)减轻重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)肺损伤的机制。方法采用逆行胰胆管牛磺胆酸钠注射制造SAP大鼠模型。动物分为假手术组、胰腺炎组、L-精氨酸(L-Arg)治疗组和氯喹(CQ)治疗组。硝酸还原酶法检测肺组织NO的浓度变化,实时定量PCR(RT-PCR)检测肺组织TLR(Toll-like receptor)2／4 mRNA表达变化。结果与假手术组比较,SAP大鼠肺组织NO浓度降低,肺损伤加重;肺组织TLR2／4 mRNA表达增高,肺组织肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)表达升高(P<0．05)。给予不同剂量L-Arg治疗后,肺组织NO浓度明显升高,肺损伤程度减轻;TLR2／4 mRNA表达降低,肺组织TNF-α表达降低(P<0．05)。给予CQ抑制肺组织TLR2／4 mRNA表达后,肺组织内NO浓度升高,肺损伤减轻,TNF-α表达降低(P<0．05)。结论NO可以明显抑制SAP肺组织TLR2／4 mRNA的表达,减少细胞因子的合成及释放,从而减轻肺组织损伤。     

血红素加氧酶-1对TNF-α引起内皮细胞炎症损伤的保护作用

目的探讨血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)在肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)导致肺微血管内皮细胞损伤中的保护作用。方法采用TNF-α刺激人肺微血管内皮细胞(HPMECs)模拟重症急性胰腺炎肺损伤的体外模型,锌原卟啉-IX(ZNPP-IX)作为HO-1抑制剂预处理细胞。试验分为对照组、TNF-α组、ZNPP-IX组。CCK8比色法检测细胞活性,采用Western blotting法及RT-PCR法检测HO-1、细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)的表达,黏附试验检测HPMECs对多形核细胞(PMN)的黏附力。结果 1与对照组相比,TNF-α组(78.69%±5.54%)、ZNPP-IX组(62.00%±4.27%)细胞活性明显降低(P0.01);2与对照组相比,TNF-α组(1.59±0.19)HO-1表达增高(P0.05),ZNPP-IX组(0.01±0.01)比TNF-α组显著降低(P0.01);3与对照组相比,TNF-α组(32.72±0.95)、ZNPP-IX组(85.33±2.37)ICAM-1表达明显升高(P0.01),且ZNPP-IX组比TNF-α组更显著(P0.01);4TNF-α引起HPMECs对PMN黏附力增高,抑制HO-1表达后,黏附作用增强。结论 HO-1可能通过下调ICAM-1的表达降低炎症时HPMECs对PMN的黏附,从而改善重症急性胰腺炎引起的肺损伤。     

急性坏死性胰腺炎肺组织炎性介质mRNA表达与肺损伤的关系

目的 探讨急性坏死性胰腺炎(ANP)大鼠肺组织白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及细胞间黏附分子(ICAM-1)等炎性介质mRNA表达与肺损伤的关系.方法 33只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照和胰腺炎不同时间点(1、4、12和24 h)各组,应用3.5%牛磺胆酸钠逆行胰胆管注射制备ANP模型.采用RT-PCR法检测ANP肺组织IL-6、TNF-α及ICAM-1 mRNA表达,同时观察血淀粉酶及脂肪酶、胰腺和肺组织湿/干重比率及病理改变.结果 造模ANP 1 h后肺组织IL-6、TNF-α及ICAM-1 mRNA水平(1.25±0.16、0.33±0.09及082±0.03)较正常对照组(0.07±0.02、0.06±0.02及0.41±0.04)表达增高(P<0.05),并持续升高至12及24 h(分别为1.674±0.14、0.99±0.11、1.17士0.05及1.87±0.05、0.96士0.06、1.11士0.04),同时伴有肺组织病理损害,其严重程度与肺TNF-α及ICAM-1 mRNA表达、肺组织湿/干重比率与TNF-α、IL-6、ICAM-1 mRNA表达的相关系数分别为0.93及0.70(P<0.05).结论 大鼠ANP早期肺组织IL-6、TNF-α及ICAM-1mRNA即过度表达,肺IL-6、TNF-α及ICAM-1mRNA过度表达是ANP肺损害发生的原因之一,肺损伤严重程度与IL-6、TNF-α及ICAM-1mRNA表达的高低有关.     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对大鼠急性胰腺炎肺损伤的治疗保护作用

目的探讨急性坏死性胰腺炎(ANP)大鼠肺损伤与肺组织细胞问粘附分子-1(ICAM-1)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α）mRNA表达的关系及N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)对肺损伤的作用。方法26只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照、盐水对照、胰腺炎和胰腺炎 NAC四组。以3．5％牛磺胆酸钠逆行注入胰胆管制作ANP模型，并将NAC(300mg／kg)于造模后1h用于ANP模型，造模后12h取材。采用RT-PCR法检测肺组织ICAM-1及TNF-α mRNA表达，同时观察血脂肪酶、胰腺组织湿／干重比率、肺组织髓过氧化物酶(MPO)及病理改变。结果ANP有肺组织学损伤改变，同时伴有肺组织ICAM-1、TNF-α mRNA高表达及MPO活力升高。胰腺炎 NAC组与胰腺炎组比较，胰腺湿／干重比率、肺组织ICAM-1、TNF-α mRNA的表达及MPO均降低。肺组织病理损伤程度与ICAM-1、TNF-α mRNA表达及MPO均呈正相关，相关系数分别为0．92、0．68及0．92(P＜0．01)。肺MPO与ICAM-1、TNF-α mRNA表达也呈正相关，相关系数为0．87及0．77(P＜0．01)。结论NAC可能通过抑制肺ICAM-1、TNF-a mRNA的产生及中性粒细胞的聚集，减轻AP所致的肺损伤；对胰腺本身的损伤也可能有一定的保护作用。     

p38 MAPK抑制剂对急性胰腺炎肺损伤肺内细胞间黏附分子-1表达和肺微血管通透性的影响

目的 观察p38蛋白激酶(p38 MAPK)抑制剂对大鼠急性胰腺炎肺损伤(LI)肺内细胞间黏附分子(ICAM)-1表达和肺微血管通透性的影响.方法 SD大鼠36只,假手术组12只;5%的牛黄胆酸(0.1 ml/100 g)逆行注射到SD大鼠的胰胆管内,造成重症急性胰腺炎(SAP);分为SAP组12只和p38 MAPK抑制剂组(SB203580,0.5 mg/kg,静脉注射)12只.各组在3、6、12 h分别剖杀大鼠,检测肺组织的含水量、肺组织髓过氧化物酶(MPO);免疫组织化学检测肺组织p38 MAPK的表达;逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测肺组织ICAM-1 mRNA表达水平;检测肺微血管通透性Balf/Serum FITC比率;光镜F检测肺组织组织损害.结果 假手术组肺组织含水量、MPO、肺组织病理评分、ICAM-1 mRNA分别为3.41±0.05、1.48±0.10、0和0.48±0.03;SAP组在3、6、12 h肺组织含水量分别为为3.77±0.12、3.87±0.11和4.03±0.05,SB治疗组分别为3.53±0.07、3.57±0.05和3.69±0.09,SAP组MPO分别为2.17±0.42、4.65±0.26和7.70±0.01,SB治疗组分别为1.72±0.14、2.46±0.29和5.63±0.15;SAP组肺组织病理评分分别为3.16±0.03、5.33±0.05和7.18±0.02,SB治疗组分别为3.12±0.02、5.26±0.03和7.13±0.02;;SAP组ICAM-1 mRNA在6、12 h表达为1.45±0.04和1.65±0.06,SB治疗组分别为1.19±0.06和0.96±0.05.SAP组和SB治疗组上述指标较假手术组升高(P<0.05),但SB治疗组较SAP组下降(P<0.05);而且肺组织p38 MAPK表达和ICAM-1 mRNA表达一致,在12 h达高峰.结论 急性胰腺炎肺损伤可能与肺组织中p38 MAPK和ICAM-1 mRNA过度表达有关;p38 MAPK抑制剂可抑制肺内ICAM-1表达,降低肺微血管通透性,减轻急性胰腺炎肺损伤.     

一氧化碳释放分子对重症急性胰腺炎肺损伤保护作用的实验研究

目的 探讨一氧化碳释放分子(CORM-2)对大鼠重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)肺损伤的保护作用及机制.方法 30只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为3组(n=10):sham组、SAP组,CORM-2组.以3.5%牛磺胆酸钠逆行注射胰胆管的方法制作SAP模型.CORM-2组于SAP造模0.5 h后经阴茎背动脉注射CORM-2(8 mg/kg).各组均于造模6 h后取材,测定血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量;采用RT-PCR法检测肺组织细胞因子诱导的中性粒细胞趋化因子(CINC)及细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)mRNA的表达;同时检测肺组织髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性、湿/干重比及对肺脏进行病理学评分.结果 与SAP组相比,CORM-2组血清TNF-α水平、肺组织病理损伤程度、湿/干重比、MPO活性、CINC及ICAM-1 mRNA的表达均显著降低(P＜0.05).结论 应用CORM-2能够降低血清TNF-α水平、下调肺组织CINC及ICAM-1 mRNA的表达,进而有效地抑制肺组织中性粒细胞的大量浸润,从而对SAP肺损伤起到明显的保护作用.     

环磷酸腺苷/蛋白激酶A信号转导通路在重症急性胰腺炎肺损伤中的作用

目的 探讨环磷酸腺苷/蛋白激酶A(cAMP/PKA)信号转导通路在重症急性胰腺炎肺损伤的作用机制.方法 健康雄性SD大鼠72只,按完全随机法分为假手术(SO)组、重症急性胰腺炎组(SAP组)、SAP+ H89(cAMP抑制剂)组,后两组按取材时间不同又分为3、6、12及24 h四个亚组,共9组,每组8只.采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清TNF-α、IL-1β,同时观察胰腺和肺组织的病理变化,免疫组织化学蛋白方法检测cAMP依赖PKA催化亚基C(PKA C)和磷酸化的血管扩张刺激磷蛋白(p-VASP),荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测肺组织VSAP mRNA表达水平.结果 与SO组比较,SAP组各时间点血清TNF-α 、IL-1β明显上升(P＜0.05),胰腺、肺病理学改变明显,肺组织PKA C蛋白、VASP磷酸化水平及VASPmRNA表达水平明显增强(P＜0.05),12 h达高峰[TNF-α(266.07±17.14) pg/mL、IL-1β (169.17±25.92) pg/mL、PKA C(210.69 ±6.32)×103、p-VASP(56.62 ±0.57)×103、VASPmRNA(2.06 ±0.21)],且与TNF-α、IL-1β之间存在明显的正相关性.与SAP组比较,SAP+ H89组各时间点胰腺、肺病理学改变明显减轻,肺组织PKA C蛋白、VASP磷酸化水平及VSAP mRNA表达水平明显下降(P＜0.05).结论 cAMP/PKA信号转导通路的活化参与了重症急性胰腺炎肺损伤的病理过程,可能与TNF-α及IL-1β水平上调及VASP磷酸化而发挥作用有关.     

骨髓间充质干细胞对急性出血坏死性胰腺炎大鼠肺组织Toll样受体2/4mRNA表达的影响及意义

目的 研究骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)对急性出血坏死性胰腺炎(AHNP)大鼠肺组织T0ll样受体(TLR)2/4表达的影响并初步探讨其机制.方法 采用逆行胰胆管牛磺胆酸钠注射制造AHNP大鼠模型,动物分为假手术组、胰腺炎组和BMSCs治疗组;流式细胞仪检测BMSCs表面标记阳性细胞率;RT-PCR方法检测肺组织TLR2/4mRNA表达变化;同时观察肺组织形态学改变,进行肺湿/干重比(W/D)测定.结果 与假手术组比较,胰腺炎组大鼠从3h时肺组织TLR2/4mRNA表达开始增高,在12 h时肺组织TLR2/4mRNA表达达到峰值;同时肺损伤加重,肺组织TNF-α浓度升高(P＜0.05).给予BMSCs治疗后,TLR2/4mRNA表达降低,肺损伤程度减轻,肺组织TNF-α浓度降低(P＜0.05).结论 急性出血坏死性胰腺炎时,组织内TLR2和TLR4mRNA表达上调,肺组织损伤加重.BMSCs可以明显抑制AHNP肺组织TLR2/4mRNA的表达,降低肺组织TNF-α浓度,从而减轻肺损伤.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of bone mesenchymal stem cells on Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2/4 expression in the lungs of rats with acute hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis (AHNP). Methods Seventy SD male rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group (n=10), AHNP group(n=30) and MSCs-treated group(n=30). Masc rate of BMSCs with surface mark were measured by flow cytometer. TLR2/4mRNA expression in the the lung were measured by RT-PCR, and The ratio of Wet/dry and lung histological changs were observed. Results TLR2/4 mRNA could be detected in the lungs with low values in sham-operation group, markedly increased in 3 h, and peaked in 12 h in AHNP group (P＜0.05). Lung injuries were aggravated and the levels of TNF-α in the lung were increased (P＜0. 05) . Treatment with MSCs could effectively inhibit TLR2/4 mRNA expression and relieve lung injuries. The levels of TNF-α in the lung were decreased (P＜0.05). Conclusions The expression of TLR2/4 mRNA is increased in the lungs in AHNP and the lung injuries are aggravated. MSCs could markedly inhibit TLR2/4 mRNA expression in the lungs in AHNP, which would lead to relief of lung injury.     

早期生长反应因子-1在移植肺缺血再灌注过程中的炎症损伤作用

目的 探讨早期生长反应因子-1(EGR-1)在移植肺缺血再灌注过程中的炎症损伤作用.方法 选择SD大鼠作为供、受者,建立左肺移植模型.实验分为4组:再灌注1 h组、再灌注2 h组和再灌注4 h组,移植后对移植肺分别进行1、2和4 h的再灌注;选取未进行移植和再灌注的供肺作为对照组.采用荧光定量实时聚合酶链法检测各组肺组织中EGR-1和白细胞介素(IL)-1β mRNA 的相对表达量,并检测支气管肺泡灌洗液(BAL)中性粒细胞数、肺组织湿/干质量比(W/D)及髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性等指标.结果 各再灌注组EGR-1和IL-1β mRNA的相对表达量均高于对照组,并且随着再灌注时间的延长而明显增高,4组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).各组肺组织W/D、BAL中性粒细胞数以及MPO活性也均高于对照组,并且随着再灌注时间的延长而显著增高,4组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),各组EGR-1 mRNA与IL-1β mRNA的表达呈显著的正相关(r=0.921,P＜0.01).各组EGR-1 mRNA的表达与BAL中性粒细胞数呈显著的正相关(r=0.876,P＜0.01).结论 EGR-1由肺缺血诱导产生和表达;在肺缺血再灌注过程中,通过IL-1β的参与,EGR-1发挥重要的炎症损伤作用.     

七氟烷对急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织细胞凋亡的影响及其机制

目的 观察吸入七氟烷对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharides,LPS)致急性肺损伤(acute lung injury,ALI)大鼠肺组织细胞凋亡的影响,探讨可能机制.方法 18只雄性SD大鼠按照随机数字表分入3组,每组6只:①对照组;②模型组(LPS组);③七氟烷预处理组.LPS组气管内滴注LPS 5 mg/...     

严重烫伤后高迁移率族蛋白-1基因表达的改变及意义

目的　观察烫伤后肝、肺组织高迁移率族蛋白-1（HMG-1）mRNA表达的变化规律及其与器官功能损害的关系。　方法　采用大鼠35%Ⅲ度烫伤模型,动物随机分为正常对照组、烫伤组和重组杀菌/通透性增加蛋白(rBPI21)治疗组,留取组织和血标本分别检测组织内毒素含量、HMG-1mRNA表达及器官功能指标。　结果　严重烫伤后早期肝、肺组织HMG-1基因表达改变不明显（正常对照组肝组织0.202±0.097;肺组织0.263±0.091）,伤后24h则明显增多(肝组织0.487±0.189;肺组织0.513±0.069,P＜0.05,0.01),且一直持续至伤后72h(肝组织0.687±0.142;肺组织0.520±0.076,P＜0.01)。给予rBPI21治疗可有效抑制肝和肺中内毒素水平的升高,并显著抑制肝、肺组织HMG-1mRNA水平(P＜0.01)。相关分析结果显示,肝组织HMG-1mRNA表达与血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶水平、肺组织HMG-1mRNA表达与髓过氧化物酶活性呈显著正相关（P＜0.05,0.01）。　结论　严重烫伤后肝、肺组织HMG-1表达显著增多,且持续时间较长,局部组织HMG-1诱生与烧伤后内毒素介导的重要器官功能损害关系密切。     

盐酸戊乙奎醚对大鼠胸部撞击致急性肺损伤及肺组织Toll样受体4表达的影响

目的 探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚对大鼠胸部撞击致急性肺损伤及肺组织Toll样受体4(TLR4)表达的影响.方法 健康雄性SD大鼠96只,体重250～300 g,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为3组(n=32):对照组(C组)只麻醉,不制备模型;肺损伤组(ALI组);盐酸戊乙奎醚组(PHcD组)模型制备后即刻,腹腔注射盐酸戊乙奎醚2 mg/kg.砝码(300g)于95 cm高处自由落体撞击大鼠心前区以制备急性肺损伤模型.于模型制备后2、8、12和24h时取8只大鼠,取动脉血样,测定血清TNF-α浓度.于模型制备后8 h取8只大鼠,取动脉血样,行动脉血气分析,随后处死大鼠,取肺组织观察病理学结果,测定干/湿重比(W/D比)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性和TLR4表达水平.结果 与c组比较,ALI组和PHCD组pH值和PaO2下降,PaCO2、乳酸浓度、肺组织MPO活性、W/D比及TLR4表达和血清TNF-α浓度升高(P＜0.01);与ALI组比较,PHcD组pH值和PaO2升高,PaCO2、乳酸浓度、肺组织MPO活性、W/D比及TLR4表达和血清TNF-α浓度降低(P＜0.05).PHcD组肺组织病理性损伤较ALI组减轻.结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚可减轻大鼠胸部撞击诱发的急性肺损伤,其机制与下调肺组织TLR4表达,降低炎性反应有关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHCD) on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by blunt chest trauma and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression in the lung tissues in rats.Methods Ninety-six male SD rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 32 each):control group (group C), ALI group and PHCD group. ALI was induced by dropping a 300 g weight onto a precordial protective shield to direct the impact force away from the heart and toward the lungs in anesthetized rats according to the method described by Raghavendran et al. PHCD 2 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally immediately after ALI was induced in group PHCD. Eight rats were selected at 2, 8, 12 and 24 h after ALI was induced, and arterial blood samples were collected for determination of the serum TNF-α concentration. Eight rats were selected at 8 h after ALI was induced, arterial blood samples collected for blood gas analysis and then the rats sacrificed. The lungs were immediately removed for determination of W/D lung weight ratio, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and TLR4 expression, and microscopic examination. Results The pH value and PaO2 were significantly lower, and the PaCO2, lactic acid level, MPO activity, W/D ratio, TLR4 expression and serum TNF-α concentration higher in groups ALI and PHCD than in group C (P ＜ 0.01 ). The pH value and PaO2 were significantly higher, and the PaCO2, lactic acid level, MPO activity, W/D ratio, TLR4 expression and serum TNF-α concentration lower in group PHCD than in group ALI ( P ＜ 0.05). The lung histopathologic damage was significantly ameliorated in PHCD group as compared with ALI group. Conclusion PHCD can protect the lungs against blunt chest trauma-induced ALI, and the down-regulation of TLR4 expression in lung tissues and reduction of inflammatory response are involved in the mechanism.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对失血性休克大鼠急性肺损伤时TLR4 mRNA表达的影响

目的 探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对失血性休克大鼠急性肺损伤时Toll样受体4(TLR4)mRNA表达的影响.方法 健康SD大鼠40只,体重200～250 g,随机分为5组(n=8):假手术组(S组)、失血性休克致急性肺损伤组(ALI组)和低、中、高剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药组(P1～3组).S组仅行动静脉穿刺,不放血,ALI组股动脉放血至35～45 mm Hg制备急性肺损伤模型,P1～3组分别于放血前30 min股静脉注射盐酸戊乙奎醚0.3、1.0、3.0 mg/kg,随后制备急性肺损伤模型.各组复苏后4 h时处死大鼠取肺,称重后计算肺湿干重比,检测TLR4 mRNA和NF-κB p65蛋白的表达水平,观察病理学结果.结果 与S组比较,ALI组和P1组TLR4 mRNA、NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平及肺湿干重比升高(P＜0.05或0.01),P2.3组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与ALI组比较,P2,3组TLR4 mRNA、NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平及肺湿干重比降低(P＜0.05或0.01);P2组和P3组上述指标比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).P2,3组肺组织病理学损伤程度较ALI组明显减轻.结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药可通过抑制肺组织TLR4 mRNA表达上调,进而降低NF-κB活性,从而减轻失血性休克诱发大鼠的急性肺损伤.     

羟乙基淀粉对重症急性胰腺炎大鼠肝脏水通道蛋白-1表达及肝脏损伤的影响

目的 研究羟乙基淀粉130/0.4(万汶)对重症急性胰腺炎大鼠肝脏水通道蛋白-1(AQP-1)表达及肝脏损伤的影响.方法 将雄性SD大鼠48只按完全随机法分为假手术组(sham operation group,Sham组)、重症急性胰腺炎组(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP组)、羟乙基淀粉治疗组(HES组),每组分6 h、24 h两个时间点,每个时间点8只.以5%牛磺脱氧胆酸钠逆行胰胆管注射建立SAP模型.各组于造模后6 h、24 h处死大鼠,检测血淀粉酶(AMY),谷丙转氨酶(ALT),谷草转氨酶(AST),肝脏含水量,HE染色观察胰腺、肝脏组织病理,酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)方法检测血清TNF-α水平,RT-PCR检测肝组织AQP-1mRNA,免疫组化检测肝组织AQP-1蛋白.结果 各时间点SAP组与假手术组比较,血淀粉酶、ALT、AST、肝脏含水量、血清TNF-α水平、AQP-1mRNA及AQP-1蛋白均显著上调(P＜0.05);HES组与SAP组比较,血淀粉酶、ALT、AST、肝脏含水量、血清TNF-α水平、AQP-1mRNA及AQP-1蛋白均显著下调(P＜0.05).6 h时间点,Sham组、SAP组和HES组AQP-1mRNA表达量分别为(0.402±0.023)mmol/L、(0.811±0.032)mmol/L和(0.595±0.015)mmol/L,3组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);24 h时间点,各组AQP-1mRNA表达量分别为(0.412±0.017)mmol/L、(0.823±0.029)mmol/L和(0.607±0.021)mmol/L,3组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).6 h时间点,Sham组、SAP组和HES组AQP-1蛋白表达分别为(2.07±0.25)、(6.90±0.38)和(4.48±0.29),3组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);24 h时间点,各组AQP-1蛋白表达分别为(2.32±0.31)、(7.04±0.32)和(4.56±0.25),3组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).胰腺、肝脏组织病理HES组较SAP组明显改善.结论 HES130/0.4可一定程度改善重症急性胰腺炎的肝脏损伤,减轻毛细血管渗漏,AQP-1在重症急性胰腺炎肝脏损伤导致的毛细血管渗漏中起一定作用.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of hydroxyethyl starch (HES 130/0. 4) on the expression of aquaporin 1 (AQP-1) and liver injury in rats with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).Methods Forty-eight male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: Sham, SAP, and HES;each group was divided into 6 hour and 24 hour timepoints, with 8 in each subgroup. An SAP model was induced by injecting 5% sodium taurodeoxycholate into the biliary pancreatic duct. AMY, ALT,AST and water content in the liver were measured and TNF-a was examined by ELISA, and the expression of liver AQP-1mRNA was determined by RT-PCR, and the expression of liver AQP-Ⅰ protein was evaluated by immunohistochemical methods. Results Compared with the Sham group, the level of AMY, ALT, AST, TNF-a, water content, AQP-1mRNA and AQP-1 protein increased significantly in the SAP group (P＜0.05). Compared with the SAP group, the level of AMY, ALT, AST,TNF-a, water content, AQP-1mRNA and AQP-1 protein decreased significantly in the HES group (P＜0.05). At 6 hours, the expressions of liver AQP-1mRNA were (0. 402 ± 0. 023), (0. 811 ±0. 032) and (0. 595 ± 0. 015) in the Sham, SAP, and HES groups, respectively; at 24 hours, they were(0. 412 ± 0. 017), ( 0. 823 ± 0. 029) and (0. 607 ± 0. 021 ), with significant differences between each group (P＜0. 05). At 6 hours, the expressions of liver AQP-1 proteins were (2.07±0.25),(6.90±0.38)and (4.48±0.29) in the Sham, SAP and HES groups, respectively;at 24 hours, they were (2. 32±0. 31 ), (7. 04 ± 0. 32) and (4. 56 ± 0. 35), with significant differences between each group (P＜0. 05). Compared with the SAP group, the pathology of the pancreas and liver ameliorated significantly in the HES group. Conclusions Hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 may ameliorate liver injury of severe acute pancreatitis and alleviate the capillary leak. AQP-1 may play a role in the capillary leak caused by the liver injury of severe acute pancreatitis.     

Effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride on apoptosis of lung tissues in rats with traumatic acute lung injury

Objective： To investigate the effects ofpenehyclidine hydrochloride on apoptosis of lung tissue cells and its mechanism in acute lung injury following blunt chest trauma in rats. Methods： Sprague Dawley （SD） rats （n=54） weighing （250-25） g were divided equally and randomly into three groups： normal control group （C group, n= 18）, trauma model group （T group, n= 18） and penehyclidine hydrochloride treatment group （P group, n=18）. Each group was further divided into three subgroups according to the time points of 3, 12 and 24 hours after experiment （at each time point, n=6 for each subgroup）. Rats of P group were intraperitoneally injected with penehyclidine hydrochloride for 2 mg/kg immediately after blunt chest trauma and rats in its 24 hours subgroup were once again injected with penehyclidine hy- drochloride in the same dose 12 hours after injury. Lung tissue samples were collected at every time point and cell apoptosis in lung tissues were measured by TUNEL. Apoptotic index （AI） was calculated, expressions of bax and bcl-2 were detected by immunohistochemical staining of SABC, and lung tissue sections were taken for light and electron microscopic observation. Results： As compared with C group, at every time point, AI and expressions ofbax and bcl-2 in T group were higher （P〈0.05）, and the ratio of bcl-2/bax markedly decreased （P〈0.05）, especially in the 24 hours subgroup. The ratio in T group （0.468±0.007） was lower than that in C group （1.382±0.058, t=12.5, P〈0.01）. Lung tissue injuries were significant under a light microscope, and the number of apoptotic cells increased obviously under a transmission electron microscope. As compared with T group at the same phase, AI and expression of bax decreased in P group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）, while the expression of bcl-2 increased significantly （P〈0.01）, and the ratio of bcl-2/bax markedly increased （P〈0.05）, especially in the 24 hours subgroup. The ratio in P group （1.012-0.070） was much higher than that in T group （0.468±0.007, t=-8.3, P〈0.01）. The injury of lung tissues was relieved, and apoptosis of cells decreased obviously under a transmission electron microscopic observation. Conclusions： Apoptosis and expressions ofbax and bcl-2 in lung tissues might be involved in the pathogenesis of lung injury induced by blunt chest trauma. Penehyclidine hydrochloride can alleviate lung injuries by inhibiting apoptosis of lung tissue cells, during which effects ofpenehyclidine hydrochloride on regulating expressions ofbax and bcl-2 may play an important role.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对内毒素性急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织NF-κB mRNA表达及SOD活性的影响

目的 探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对内毒素性急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织NF-κB mRNA表达及SOD活性的影响.方法 健康雄性SD大鼠32只,月龄2月,体重230～280 g,随机分为4组(n=8),对照组(C组)腹腔和尾静脉均注射生理盐水1 ml/kg;急性肺损伤组(ALI组):腹腔注射生理盐水1 ml/kg,30 min后经尾静脉注射LPS 5 mg/kg;盐酸戊乙奎醚低剂量组(LP组)、高剂量组(HP组)分别腹腔注射盐酸戊乙奎醚0.3和1 mg/kg,30 min后经尾静脉注射LPS 5 mg/kg.静脉注射生理盐水或LPS后6 h时,取肺组织,检测NF-κB mRNA的表达、TNF-α和MDA的含量和SOD活性,计算肺组织湿/干重比(W/D)及含水量,观察肺组织病理学结果.结果 与C组比较,ALI组、LP组和HP组肺组织NF-κB mRNA表达上调,TNF-α及MDA含量升高,SOD活性降低,W/D和肺组织含水量升高(P＜0.05);与ALI组比较,LP组和HP组肺组织NF-κB mRNA表达下调,TNF-α及MDA含量降低,SOD活性升高,W/D和肺组织含水量降低(P＜0.05);与LP组比较,HP组肺组织NF-κB mRNA表达下调,TNF-α及MDA含量降低,SOD活性升高,W/D和肺组织含水量降低(P＜0.05).LP组和HP组肺组织病理学损伤较ALI组减轻.结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药减轻大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤的机制可能与下调肺组织NF-κB mRNA表达,降低肺局部炎性反应,增强机体抗氧化能力有关.     

p38MAPK信号转导通路在大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤中的作用

目的 探讨p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)信号转导通路在大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤中的作用.方法 成年雄性SD大鼠60只,体重180～230 g,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为4组:对照组(C组,n=6)、急性肺损伤组(ALI组,n=24)、p38MAPK特异性抑制剂SB203580+ALI组(SB+ALI组,n=24)和SB203580组(SB组,n=6).ALI组尾静脉注射内毒素5 mg/kg制备大鼠急性肺损伤模型,C组给予等容量生理盐水,SB+ALI组于注射内毒素前30 min经尾静脉注射SB20358010 mg/kg.ALI组和SB+ALI组于注射内毒素后1、3、6 h(T1-3)时随机取8只大鼠,C组和SB组分别于给予生理盐水、SB203580后1 h处死取肺组织,检测磷酸化p38MAPK(p-p38MAPK)蛋白表达.T3时回收支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF),测定蛋白浓度.计算细胞凋亡指数,观察肺组织病理学结果.另取32只大鼠,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为2组(n=16):ALI组和SB+ALI组,观察48 h内大鼠生存情况.结果 与C组相比,ALI组和SB+ALI组BALF中蛋白浓度、细胞凋亡指数、肺组织p-p38MAPK蛋白表达水平升高(P＜0.05);与ALI组相比,SB+ALI组上述指标降低(P＜0.05).SB+ALI组病理学损伤程度较ALI组明显减轻.ALI组大鼠生存率较SB+ALI组降低(P＜0.01).结论 p38MAPK信号转导通路参与了大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤的发生和发展,可能与肺组织细胞凋亡有关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathway in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI).Methods Sixty male SD rats weighing 180-230 g were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (group C, n = 6), ALI group ( n = 24),p38MAPK specific inhibitor SB203580 + ALI group (group SB + ALI, n = 24), SB203580 group (group SB,n =6). LPS 5 mg/kg was injected intravenously via tail vein in group ALI and SB + ALI, while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in group C. Group SB + ALI received iv injection of SB203580 10 mg/kg via tail vein 30 min before LPS administration. Group SB received injection of SB203580. The rats were sacrificed at 1, 3 and6 h agter LPS administration (T1-3) in group ALI and SB + ALI (8 rats at each time point) andat 1 h after administration in C and SB groups. The lungs were immediately removed for microscopic examination and determination of phosphorylated p38MAPK (p-p38MAPK) expression, the concentration of protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and apoptotic index (AI). Another 32 rats were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups for survival study: ALI group and SB + ALI group ( n = 16 each), and then they were treated as mentioned above and observed for 48 h. Results The concentration of protein in BALF, AI and p-p38MAPK expression were significantly increased in group ALI and SB + ALI compared with group C, while decreased in group SB + ALI compared with group ALI ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). LPS-induced pulmonary histological changes were significantly attenuated in group SB + ALI compared with group ALI. The survival rate was significantly decreased in group ALI compgred with group SB + ALI ( P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusion p38 MAPK signal transduction pathway is involved in LPS-induced ALI, which may be related to the apoptosis in the cells in the lung.     

大鼠肺移植术后早期肺组织ICAM-1表达的变化

目的　研究大鼠肺移植术后早期肺组织细胞间粘附分子 1(ICAM 1)表达的变化。方法　用免疫组织化学 (SABC)法及设置内参照的半定量RT PCR方法 ,对移植肺获再灌注及通气 4h后肺组织的ICAM 1蛋白及其mRNA表达水平进行观察。实验组 (n =6 )肺经低钾右旋糖酐液 4℃保存12h后 ,行同种异体左肺原位移植。对照组 (n =6 )充分游离左侧肺动、静脉及支气管。免疫组织化学检测结果按阴性 (- )、可疑 (± )、弱阳性 ( )、阳性 ( )、强阳性 ( )进行记录。PCR产物电泳后扫描记录条带密度。结果　移植肺肺泡上皮及肺血管内皮细胞免疫着色显著较对照组深 (P<0 .0 1)。其ICAM 1mRNA与β actinmRNART PCR扩增产物相对密度值亦显著高于对照组 ,分别为 0 .873± 0 .0 44和 0 .44 2± 0 .0 37,P <0 .0 1。结论　肺移植术后早期肺组织ICAM 1表达上调 ,这种上调与ICAM 1mRNA增强有关。