VSA-SA/PS固定载体复合膜的制备及其CO2/CH4分离性能

以自由基共聚合和水解的方法合成了一种新型的CO₂固定载体膜材料N-乙烯基-γ-氨基丁酸钠-丙烯酸钠共聚物 (VSA-SA).以VSA-SA为表层,聚砜超滤膜为支撑体制得复合膜.研究了复合膜对CO₂/CH₄体系的渗透选择性,考察了金属离子交联剂和交联时间以及进料气组成对复合膜性能的影响.本文制得的复合膜运行1周仍能维持良好的分离因子和CO₂渗透速率.     

CO2/CH4高分子气体分离膜材料研究进展

气体膜分离法正在成为分离CO2/CH4体系的一项重要技术。概括介绍了该领域国内外的主要高分子膜材料的研究进展,重点介绍了聚酰亚胺膜和促进传递膜材料,并提出了膜材料的改进方向,以期为制得更好的膜提供帮助。     

PVAm/PAN复合膜的制备及其对CO2/CH4的分离性能

New polymeric membrane materials——polyvinyl amine (PVAm) with different primary amine contents were synthesized.By covering polyacrylonitrile(PAN) ultrafiltration membranes with PVAm, the PVAm/PAN composite membranes for CO₂/CH₄ separation were prepared. The composite membranes containing more primary amino groups have higher selectivity for CO₂/CH₄.The cross-linking of acid or glutaradehyde could improve the gas permselectivity of the composite membranes. With decreasing CO₂ content in the feed gas, the CO₂/CH₄ separation factor increased.When the feed gas was 25%(vol) CO₂ and 75%(vol) CH₄, the CO₂ permeation rate was 4.1×10^-9cm³(STP) •cm^-2•Pa^-1•s^-1, and the CO₂/CH₄ separation factor was 180.     

PVAm/PAN复合膜的制备及其对CO2/CH4的分离性能

引　言天然气和沼气中含有的大量CO2 将直接影响这些气体的燃烧效果和以这些气体为原料的产品质量 ,并对管线及设备造成腐蚀 ;同时由于CO2 等气体导致的温室效应 ,正引起严重后果 ;再者 ,发展生物技术也对CO2 的分离提出要求 .因此 ,分离CO2 技术已成为目前世界膜界研究的重点[     

SnO2基CO/CH4气敏元件的研究

以溶胶凝胶法合成的SnO2纳米粉体为基料,制备了平面厚膜CO/CH4气敏元件。实验研究了配方中添加有机硅化合物和稀土材料、加热器阻值对元件性能的影响。结果表明：通过控制合适的条件,可使元件对CO和CH4气体都有很好的灵敏度,且CO和CH4气体之间不存在相互干扰现象。     

金属有机骨架材料在CO2/CH4吸附分离中的研究进展

CO₂/CH₄分离能耗高是生物甲烷过程核心难题之一。金属有机骨架材料（metal organic frameworks,MOFs）由于其优异的CO₂吸附分离性能,被视为最具潜力的CO₂分离捕集材料,近年来引起了广泛的关注。本文结合沼气的特点和MOFs研究的最新进展,对MOFs材料在CO₂/CH₄吸附分离过程的相关实验研究工作进行了综述。     

SPEEK/PSI半互穿网络共混膜的制备及其CO2分离研究

为了获得高性能的气体分离膜,实现烟道气中CO₂/N₂高效分离回收,以磺化聚醚醚酮（SPEEK）和聚琥珀酰亚胺（PSI）为原料,己二胺为交联剂,原位交联反应制备富含氨基的半互穿网络共混膜,在膜内构建CO₂传递通道和亲和位点,并采用红外光谱对共混膜的结构进行表征。研究水含量、PSI用量和进料气压力对膜气体分离性能的影响,在混合气条件下考察其气体分离性能和长时间运行稳定性。研究结果表明：SPEEK与PSI两相界面相容性较好,它们之间存在较强的相互作用,且呈半互穿网络微结构;PSI含量为60%（质量）时,纯气和混合气条件下CO₂渗透性分别为652和601 Barrer,对应的CO₂/N₂选择性为67.6和60.3,优于纯SPEEK膜,且超过2008年的Robeson上限;共混膜运行360 h后,CO₂渗透性和CO₂/N₂选择性仍然稳定。这主要是因为SPEEK与PSI形成富含氨基的半互穿网络微结构后,一方面提供了CO₂促进传递载体;另一方面,增强了共混膜的保水性能,形成大量CO₂传递水通道。     

PEGDME强化PVDF/PP复合膜的CO2分离性能

膜分离技术具有投资小、设备简单等优点,目前广泛应用于CO2分离等方面,膜材料是膜分离技术的核心。研究表明,聚合物中醚氧基团的存在可有效提高膜对CO2的渗透速率和选择系数。聚乙二醇二甲醚(PEGDME)结构中含有丰富的醚氧基团,同时端基空间位阻提供了较高的CO2扩散系数。本文以液态PEGDME为添加剂,聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)为共混膜材料,利用聚丙烯(PP)多孔膜为支撑,通过溶剂蒸发法制备出具有良好分离性能的PEGDME-PVDF/PP共混复合膜。结果显示,随着PEGDME含量的升高,复合膜对CO2的渗透速率和CO2/N2选择系数均呈上升趋势,当PEGDME共混含量达到50%时,CO2的渗透速率为42.9GPU,CO2/N2选择性为47.5;随着PVDF浓度的增加,CO2的渗透速率呈下降趋势,CO2/N2的选择系数则缓慢上升;适当降低溶剂蒸发温度,PVDF结晶度降低,有助于提高膜性能;当溶剂蒸发温度为30℃时,PEGDME-PVDF膜对CO2的渗透速率达到84.7GPU,CO2/N2的选择系数达到47.2。     

CH4-CaSO4和H2S-Fe2O3反应体系的热力学和动力学研究

The destruction of hydrocarbon in deep carbonate diagenetic environment is one of problems on the formation of oil and gas. Organic-inorganic reactions in the process of TSR(Thermochemical Sulfate Reduction) are the main reason to make disappearance of the hydrocarbons. The work in this field has often been the subject of much research work in recent years. In this paper, the thermodynamics of CH4-CaSO4 and H2S-Fe2O3 systems is discussed to investigate the possibility of reactions. It is found that these two reactions can proceed spontaneously.Increasing temperature is favorite for CH4-CaSO4 system but disfavorite for H2S-Fe2O3 system. Thermal simulation experiments were carried out using autoclave at high temperature and high pressure. The properties of the products were characterized by microcoulometry, FT-IR and XRD methods. On the basis of the experimental data, a reaction kinetic model is developed and kinetic parameters are determined.     

咪唑鎓化聚醚砜CO2固定载体分离膜的初探

通过化学改性的方法以氯甲基辛基醚(CMOE)、1-甲基咪唑(MIm)和聚醚砜(PES)为材料制备了咪唑鎓化聚醚砜(Im PES),并以其为分离层,聚丙烯(PP)为支撑层制备了用于CO2分离的固定载体复合膜。考察了咪唑鎓化程度、聚合物浓度、操作温度和压力对Im PES/PP复合膜性能的影响。结果表明,咪唑鎓化程度(DIm)对复合膜的性能影响最大,随着咪唑鎓化程度的提高,特别是当DIm大于50%后,复合膜对CO2的分离性能有很大提高。当取代度DIm为64%、聚合物质量分数为20%、测试温度为30℃、压力为0.4MPa时,Im PES/PP复合膜的纯CO2渗透速率为23.92GPU,CO2/N2理想分离因子为65.34。     

甲烷的二氧化碳重整动力学研究

The kinetics of CO2 reforming of methane has been studied at 976-1033K on a commercial NiO/CaO/Al2O3 catalyst in a packed-bed continuous reactor. The reaction was carried out at atmospheric pressure and CO2/CH4 ratio > 2. The Hougen-Watson rate models were fitted to experimental data assuming the dissociative adsorption of methane as the rate-determining step. The reaction rate showed an effective reaction order of about unity for CH4. The apparent activity energy was found to be 104kJ·mol-1. Therefore the kinetic reaction parameters were determined and a possible reaction mechanism was proposed.     

煤在O2/CO2中燃烧的Nox释放规律

利用一维沉降炉,对3种煤在O₂/CO₂和空气两种气氛下燃烧NO_x析出特性进行了比较,分析了炉膛温度、过量空气系数对NO_x生成量的影响,并对O₂/CO₂气氛下NO_x的生成和破坏机理进行了分析.研究发现两种气氛下NO_x都有一个峰值出现,挥发分含量高的煤种峰值靠前, 挥发分含量低的煤种峰值靠后,O₂/CO₂条件下,峰值出现较空气条件下提前且有所下降;空气条件下NO_x的生成量随温度提高较快地增加,而O₂/CO₂气氛中NO_x的生成量随温度变化比较缓慢;在两种气氛下NO_x的峰值均随过量空气系数的增加而增加,高挥发分煤在O₂/CO₂气氛下NO_x峰值低于空气条件下峰值,而低挥发分煤则受影响较小.     

H2, CO, N2, O2和CH4在碳膜中的扩散

Diffusion of pure H2, CO, N2,O2 and CH4 gases through nanoporous carbon membrane is investigated by carrying out non-equilibrium molecular dynamics （NEMD） simulations. The flux, transport diffusivity and activation energy for the pure gases diffusing through carbon membranes with various pore widths were investigated. The simulation results reveal that transport diffusivity increases with temperature and pore width, and its values have a magnitude of 10^-7 m^2·s^-1 for pore widths of about 0.80 to 1.21 nm at 273 to 300 K. The activation energies for the gases diffusion through the membrane with various pore widths are about 1-5 kJ·mol^-1, The results of transport diffusivities are comparable with that of Rao and Sircar （J. Membr. Sci., 1996）, indicating the NEMD simulation method is a good tool for predicting the transport diffusivities for gases in porous materials, which is always difficult to be accurately measured by experiments.     

CO2置换CH4水合物中CH4的实验和动力学

在自行设计的反应装置中考察了2.8 MPa和3.25 MPa压力下，温度271.2、273.2和276.0 K时CO2气体置换十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）体系CH4水合物中CH4的置换过程。实验数据表明，在反应的前50 h，CH4水合物的分解速率较快，其后分解速率变慢。冰点以上CH4水合物的分解速率较快。基于动力学数据，建立了SDS体系置换反应过程中CH4水合物的分解动力学模型和CO2水合物的生成动力学模型。计算得到CH4-CO2置换反应过程中CH4水合物的分解活化能为28.81 kJ·mol-1，CO2水合物的生成活化能为68.40 kJ·mol-1。数据表明，CH4水合物的分解可能受置换反应过程中水分子的重排控制，而CO2水合物的生成可能受CO2气体在水合物中的扩散控制。     

Novel fixed‐carrier membranes for CO2 separation

A new membrane material having two kinds of CO₂ carriers was obtained. Composite membranes were prepared with the material and support membranes. The facilitated transport of CO₂ through these membranes was performed with pure CH₄ and CO₂ as well as CH₄/CO₂ mixtures containing 50 vol % CO₂. The results show that the membranes possess better CO₂ permeance than that of other fixed carrier membranes reported in the literature. In the measurements with pure gases, at 26°C, 0.013 atm of CO₂ pressure, the membrane with polysulfone support displays a CO₂ permeance of 7.93 × 10^?4 cm³ /cm² s cmHg and CO₂/CH₄ ideal selectivity of 212.1. In the measurements with mixed gases, at 26°C, 0.016 atm of CO₂ partial pressure, the membrane displays a CO₂ permeance of 1.69 × 10^?4 cm³ /cm² s cmHg and CO₂/CH₄ selectivity of 48.1. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2222–2226, 2002