影响人工授精妊娠率的多因素分析

目的:探讨影响夫精人工授精妊娠率的相关因素。方法:选取2013年3月至2014年9月在南通大学附属医院生殖医学中心行宫腔内人工授精(IUI)治疗的夫妇146对,共277个周期。分析女性年龄、不孕年限、IUI治疗周期数、促排卵方案,扳机方法及扳机日相关指标等与临床妊娠率的关系。结果:年龄25岁组的妊娠率明显高于年龄30岁组(25.8%vs 11.2%,P0.05);妊娠组的扳机日促黄体生成素(LH)水平高于非孕组[(29.7±8.44)vs(16.6±1.52),P0.05]。子宫内膜分型为A型者的妊娠率显著高于非A型者(P0.05)。GnRH-a扳机后排卵率优于HCG(P0.05);4个治疗周期内随着周期数的增加累计妊娠率上升,卵泡期为10~16天妊娠率最高。结论:夫精人工授精治疗中,患者年龄、HCG日LH值、子宫内膜分型与妊娠率相关,GnRH-a扳机后排卵率优于HCG。     

官腔内人工授精治疗不孕症300例分析

目的 探讨官腔内人工授精的妊娠率及其影响因素。方法 对2000年1月～2004年12月在我院生育中心实施宫腔内人工授精（IUI）的不孕患者300例进行回顾性分析。结果 （1）官腔内人工授精的妊娠率21．67％；（2）妊娠组主要分布在35岁以下的人群；（3）临床妊娠率与排卵日子宫内膜厚度及其超声类型有关（P〈0．05）；（4）精子密度直接影响IUl妊娠率（P〈0．05）。结论 IUI是治疗不孕症的有效助孕技术，不孕患者年龄、子宫内膜厚度与其超声类型以及精于密度直接影响IUI的结果。     

影响男性不育官腔内人工授精妊娠率的因素分析

目的探讨影响男性不育患者行宫腔内人工授精（IUI）临床妊娠的相关因素。方法回顾性分析337对不孕夫妇因男性因素行IUI共667周期的资料,分析男女双方年龄、不孕年限、女方体重指数（BMI）、促排卵方案以及处理后前向运动精子总数（PTMS）对临床妊娠率的影响。结果女方年龄≥35岁者临床妊娠率为12．6％,显著低于年龄〈30岁者;男方年龄≥35岁者临床妊娠率为15．9%,显著低于年龄〈35岁者;克罗米芬联合促性腺激素周期临床妊娠率为25．5％,显著高于自然周期;PTMS〈5×10^6临床妊娠率为8．3％,显著低于PTMS≥10×10^6（P〈0．05）。结论男性不育患者行IUI治疗过程中需要充分考虑男女双方年龄对治疗结局的影响,适时选择促排卵方案,以提高临床妊娠率;当PTMS〈5×10^6,IUI妊娠率显著下降,建议行IVF-ET／ICSI—ET治疗以改善妊娠结局。     

宫腔内人工授精的临床应用进展

宫腔内人工授精（ＩＵＩ）避免了不良宫颈因素对精子游动的影响,缩短了精子游动的距离,增加了受孕机会,ＩＵＩ结合超排卵技术,Ｐｅｒｃｏｌｌ法或上游法处理精液是治疗不明原因不孕,男性因素,宫颈因素,排卵功能障碍和子宫内膜异位症所致不孕的有效治疗方法。     

宫颈管内与宫腔内供精人工授精妊娠结局的比较

目的比较分析宫颈管内和宫腔内供精人工授精(AID)妊娠结局的影响。方法对548个AID治疗周期进行回顾性分析,其中宫颈管内人工授精(ICI)200例360个周期,宫腔内人工授精(IUI)125例188个周期,对2种授精部位的AID妊娠结局进行比较。结果 ICI组的周期妊娠率为14.74%(51/346),其中自然周期妊娠率为18.54%(33/178),促排卵周期妊娠率为10.71%(18/168),流产率为11.76%(6/51);IUI组的周期妊娠率为28.49%(51/179),其中自然周期的妊娠率为32.04%(33/103),促排卵周期妊娠率为23.68%(18/76),流产率为5.88%(3/51);组间差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论授精部位可能是影响AID成功妊娠的关键因素之一,采用IUI法可能会提高AID的妊娠率。     

单次及双次宫腔内人工授精的临床结局分析

官腔内人工授精(intrauterine insemination，IUI)是治疗不孕症的有效手段，适用于一侧或双侧输卵管通畅、有自发或促排卵后排卵的不孕妇女。IUI的受精过程较接近自然受孕过程，操作简单，如何提高IUI的妊娠率是人们共同关心的问题。本研究旨在分析行单次IUI和行双次IUI的妊娠率及授精时机的选择。     

影响宫腔内人工授精临床妊娠率的相关因素分析

目的:探讨影响宫腔内人工授精(IUI)临床妊娠率的各种相关因素。方法:回顾性分析本生殖中心实施IUI治疗的2011个周期。对女方年龄、不孕年限、授精时机及次数、方案、输卵管因素与妊娠结局的关系进行分析。结果:夫精人工授精(AIH)-IUI治疗1508个周期,临床妊娠率11.74%。供精人工授精(AID)-IUI治疗503个周期,临床妊娠率27.83%。二者比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。随着女性年龄增长,不孕年限延长,IUI的妊娠率逐渐降低。单次排卵前、单次排卵后和双次授精妊娠率无统计学差异;AIH诱导排卵的妊娠率高于自然周期。原发或继发不孕、单侧或双侧输卵管通畅间,妊娠率无统计学差异。结论:IUI中女方年龄、不孕年限、精子数量和用药方案是影响妊娠的重要因素。     

供精人工授精结局分析及临床应用价值

目的:探讨供精人工授精(AID)成功的影响因素及临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析在本中心实施AID的2 467对不孕夫妇共5 470个周期的临床资料,分析影响AID临床妊娠率的相关因素及妊娠结局。结果:①年龄35岁和≥35岁的临床妊娠率分别为21.49%和12.27%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);②不孕年限≤5年和5年者比较,妊娠率有统计学差异(22.09%vs 16.45%,P0.05);③自然周期和控制性促排卵周期的临床妊娠率分别为21.92%和17.46%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);④不同授精方式宫颈内授精(ICI)、宫腔内授精(IUI)及ICI/IUI组的临床妊娠率分别为20.61%、16.52%和18.56%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);⑤每周期授精次数对AID的妊娠率有显著影响,1次和2次授精的成功率分别为10.64%和21.26%(P0.05);⑥注入前向运动精子总数40~60×106和60×106的妊娠率有统计学差异(19.32%vs26.07%,P0.05);⑦第1、第2、第3、第4周期的累计妊娠率分别为20.02%、33.40%、41.06%、43.70%,随着授精次数的增加,累计妊娠率显著升高(P0.05);⑧1 110例妊娠者中33例(11.98%)流产,13例(1.17%)发生宫外孕,多胎率为3.15%,出生缺陷发生率为0.67%。结论:①在AID治疗中女方年龄、不孕年限、治疗方案、授精次数及注入前向运动精子总数均是影响成功妊娠的相关因素;②AID技术安全有效,患者至少应进行3~4个周期的AID治疗,未成功者应及时求助于试管婴儿等其他辅助生殖技术。     

节欲时间的长短对宫腔内人工授精妊娠率的影响

究竟节欲多长时间可使精子质量达到最佳状况尚未见到一致的报道。低频率的性交，可能会导致错过排卵期及成精子质量下降．从而使妊娠机会减少。而禁欲时间延长可增加精子的数量，但活力下降。回顾性分析不孕患者行促排卵（SO）及宫腔内人工授精（IUI）的妊娠率与节欲间隔时间的关系。     

精液处理后活动精子总数对宫腔内人工授精妊娠率的影响

目的:探讨精液处理后活动精子总数(PTMS)对宫腔内人工授精(IUI)妊娠成功率的影响。方法:回顾性分析372例不孕患者共816个IUI周期的临床资料。按照PTMS数量将IUI周期分成4个区间组:PTMS<3×106(A组),3×106-5×106(B组),5×106-10×106(C组),>10×106(D组),分别比较各组间的IUI周期妊娠率。结果:816个IUI周期共获得110例妊娠,总周期妊娠率为13.5%。不同PTMS分组的周期妊娠率分别为3.8%,4.2%,14.8%和14.3%。其中A组、B组的周期妊娠率均显著低于C组和D组(P<0.05)。结论:PTMS是男性生育力评估及助孕方式选择的重要参考依据。当PTMS超过5×106时,可首选IUI治疗。     

超排卵对宫腔内人工授精周期妊娠率的影响

目的分析超排卵对人工授精结局的影响，探讨超排卵对不同人群治疗的有效性。方法回顾性分析我院生殖科2000年3月-2007年12月期间女方有自发排卵的739个人工授精周期，比较不孕原因、女方年龄、有无子宫内膜异位症等因素下超排卵与自然周期妊娠率。结果739个人工授精周期中，超排卵周期233个，自然周期506个，妊娠率分别为21．6％和13．5％（P〈0.05），不孕因素中，宫颈因素为378个，男性因素为100个，盆腔输卵管因素44个，子宫内膜异位症85个，不明原因132个，其中宫颈因素和不明原因不孕周期超排卵周期妊娠率明显高于自然周期（22．40％，14．62％；27．03％，12．63％ P〈0.05）；男性因素、输卵管因素、子宫内膜异位症、女方年龄大于37岁周期，超排卵与自然周期妊娠率差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。超排卵周期中，氯米芬与促性腺素周期临床妊娠率无显著差异（P〉0.05）。结论因宫颈因素、不明原因不孕行人工授精夫妇超排卵周期妊娠率高，而男性因素、子宫内膜异位症、盆腔输卵管因素或年龄大于37岁妇女进行人工授精时慎重选择排卵诱导。     

Gn-RH antagonists in intrauterine insemination: the weekend-free protocol

Objective : To compare the results of intrauterine insemination (IUI) when GnRH antagonist was added—to avoid IUI on weekend—with those obtained with the standard IUI protocol. Study design : In an IUI program under ovarian stimulation with gonadotropins when one or more follicles of 15–16 mm were seen, if it was not possible for logistic reasons (weekend) to perform the insemination 72 h later, GnRH antagonist was administered until human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration. The IUI was performed on Monday. We compared the results of this IUI ``weekend-free' group with our results in standard IUI cycles, where IUI was performed 36–38 h after reaching optimal follicular growth. Results : Both groups were comparable regarding the main demographic parameters, except for higher estradiol levels, due to the prolonging ovarian stimulation. The per cycle pregnancy rate (PR) were very similar in both groups: 15.7% in the weekend-free IUI versus 16.5% in standard IUI. The multiple pregnancy rate and the hyperstimulation rate were also similar. A non-significant trend to higher high-order multiple pregnancy was observed in the weekend-free IUI. Conclusions : In IUI cycles under ovarian suprastimulation with gonadotrophins, the use of GnRH antagonist allows the manipulation of the follicular development in such a way that it is possible to avoid inseminations on the weekends, without apparently reducing the PR.     

Minimal stimulation protocol for use with intrauterine insemination in the treatment of infertility

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether minimal stimulation with clomiphene and one injection of 150 IU of human menopausal gonadotrophin (hMG) provides pregnancy rates comparable with those in a conventional full hMG stimulation protocol for infertile patients undergoing intrauterine insemination (IUI). METHODS: A prospective study was carried out at the Infertility Clinic of a teaching institute and tertiary care referral center in Chandigarh, India. Two hundred couples with either unexplained infertility or ovulatory dysfunction cases who ovulated with clomiphene citrate (CC) but failed to conceive were offered ovarian stimulation with CC and hMG along with IUI for 420 cycles. Pregnancy rate, medication and monitoring cost were compared between minimal and conventional stimulation protocols. RESULTS: There was no difference in the couples of the two stimulation protocols regarding their age, duration and type of infertility as well as cause of infertility. Number of ampoules of hMG and monitoring costs were significantly higher in the full hMG stimulation cases whereas pregnancy rate was comparable in both protocols. CONCLUSION: Minimal stimulation appears to be an effective protocol in cases of unexplained infertility undergoing intrauterine insemination. Reduced cost and minimal monitoring is appealing to patients and the clinician.     

Treatment of infertile women with unilateral tubal occlusion by intrauterine insemination and ovarian stimulation

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the value of intrauterine insemination (IUI) combined with ovarian stimulation in women with unilateral tubal occlusion detected on hysterosalpingography (HSG).Materials and MethodsA total of 703 patients undergoing IUI and controlled ovarian hyperstimulation were enrolled in this study. The study group consisted of 133 patients treated for unilateral tubal occlusion diagnosed by HSG during 2005–2011. The control group consisted of 570 patients with unexplained infertility treated during the same period. In all cases of the retrospective study, menstrual cycles were regular, basal serum follicle-stimulating hormone levels and sperm parameters were normal.ResultsThere were no significant differences in pregnancy rate per cycle between the study (17.3%) and control groups (18.9%). The pregnancy rate was higher in patients with proximal tubal occlusion (21.7%) compared with mid-distal tubal occlusion (12.5%) or unexplained infertility (18.9%), but the difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionsInfertile patients with only unilateral proximal tubal occlusion detected on HSG can be treated initially by IUI combined with ovarian stimulation. The cycle outcomes in patients with proximal tubal occlusion are similar to patients with unexplained infertility. However, the stimulated IUI might not be a good choice for patients with unilateral mid-distal tubal occlusion because of a lower success rate, although further evidence is needed.     

Ovarian stimulation length,number of follicles higher than 17 mm and estradiol on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin administration are risk factors for multiple pregnancy in intrauterine insemination

Aim  The aim of the present study was to identify the risk factors, their prognostic value on multiple pregnancies (MP) prediction and their thresholds in women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperStimulation (COH) with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and intrauterine insemination (IUI). Methods  A case-control study was carried out by identifying in our database all the pregnancies reached by donor and conjugal IUI (DIUI and CIUI, respectively), and compared cycle features, patients’ characteristics and sperm analysis results between women achieving single pregnancy (SP) versus MP. The number of gestational sacs, follicular sizes and estradiol levels on the human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration day, COH length and semen parameters were obtained from each cycle and compared. Student’st-tests for mean comparisons, receiver-operator curve (ROC) analysis to determine the predictive value of each parameter on MP achievement and multiple regression analysis to determine single parameter influence were carried out. Results  Women with MP in IUI stimulated cycles reached the adequate size of the dominant follicle (17 mm) significantly earlier than those achieving SP. Also, the mean follicles number, and estradiol levels on the hCG day were higher in the CIUI and DIUI MP group. Nevertheless, only ROC curve analysis revealed good prognostic value for estradiol and follicles higher than 17 mm. Multiple regression analysis confirmed these results. No feature of the basic sperm analysis, either in the ejaculate or in the prepared sample, was different or predictive of MP. When using donor sperm, different thresholds of follicle number, stimulation length and estradiol in the prediction of MP were noted, in comparison with QUI. Conclusions  MP in stimulated IUI cycles are closely associated to stimulation length, number of developed follicles higher than 17 mm on the day of hCG administration and estradiol levels. Also, estradiol has a good predictive value over MP in IUI stimulated cycles. The establishment of clinical thresholds will certainly help in the management of these couples to avoid undesired multiple pregnancies by canceling cycles or converting them intoin vitro fertilization procedures.     

Predictors of twin pregnancy after ovarian stimulation and intrauterine insemination in women with unexplained infertility

Multi-foetal gestation is a well-known, adverse outcome of infertility treatment. Maternal and obstetrical complications are more frequent in multiple pregnancies compared to singletons. The aim of this study was to determine parameters that affect the risk for multiple pregnancies after ovarian stimulation (OS) with intrauterine insemination (IUI). We retrospectively evaluated all cases of OS with IUI cycles that ended with successful clinical pregnancy. A total of 259 pregnancies were analysed (175 singletons, 63 twins and 21 triplets). Significant parameters predicting multiple pregnancies were gravidity and number of follicles at least 15?mm in diameter on day of hCG. A previous pregnancy increased the risk for multiple gestation by a factor of 1.86 (95% CI 1.03–3.37, p?=?0.04). Each follicle ≥15?mm increased the odds ratio for multiple gestation by 1.3 (95% CI 1.03–1.65, p?=?0.027). In conclusion, women with more than one previous pregnancy and three or more than three follicles ≥15?mm at hCG are at risk for multi-foetal pregnancy after OS and IUI.     

处理后前向运动精子总数对夫精人工授精妊娠率的影响

目的:探讨处理后前向运动的精子总数(post-wash total mobile sperm count,PTMC)对夫精宫腔内人工授精(intrauterine insemination,IUI)妊娠率的影响。方法:回顾性分析因男方因素行IUI治疗的不孕夫妇的数据,并比较了PTMC(3.0~9.9)×10~6(研究组)及PTMC≥10×10~6(对照组)患者的IUI妊娠率。结果:共纳入139例(274个周期)患者。其中研究组87个周期,平均PTMC为(6.2±1.7)×10~6,对照组187个周期,平均PTMC为(25.6±13.7)×10~6,组间周期妊娠率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。在139例患者中,有32例患者(55个周期)PTMC始终10×10~6,83例患者(149个周期)PTMC始终≥10×10~6,在4个周期后患者的累积妊娠率(cumulative pregnancy rate,CPR)分别为15.6%(5/32)和25.3%(21/83),组间比较也无统计学差异(P0.05)。在PTMC始终10×10~6组,在第4周期没有妊娠发生。结论:对于因男方因素行辅助生殖技术助孕治疗的患者,即使PTMC10×10~6也可以尝试IUI,并能获得较好的妊娠率,但对于反复PTMC10×10~6患者,不建议患者多次反复尝试,在经过3次IUI后仍未孕者,可考虑行IVF助孕治疗。