宫角妊娠的发生及诊治变化特点48例分析

目的:探讨16年来我院宫角妊娠的临床诊治变化特点.方法:回顾性分析我院1992年1月至2007年9月收治的48例宫角妊娠的临床资料.结果:16年间宫角妊娠发生占异位妊娠的比率由1990年代的1.7%上升到2000年代的3.4%;宫角妊娠的确诊率由14.3%上升至75.8%;经腹腔手术(剖腹探查和腹腔镜手术)由88.9%下降至51.4%;经宫腔手术(超声引导下吸宫和官腔镜手术)由11.1%上升至48.7%.结论:宫角妊娠发生率升高,经宫腔手术治疗比例增多,超声和宫腔镜是早期诊断和治疗宫角妊娠的主要方法.     

超声在宫角妊娠中的诊断价值

目的:探讨经腹或经阴道超声在宫角妊娠中的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析山西医科大学第二医院妇产科2006年～2011年收住入院的经手术或病理证实的宫角妊娠20例患者的超声声像图结果。结果:术前经腹或经阴道超声诊断宫角妊娠14例,6例误诊(4例误诊为输卵管间质部妊娠,1例误诊为宫内早孕,1例误诊为滋养细胞疾病),诊断正确率为70%。结论:经腹或经阴道超声对宫角妊娠的诊断中具有很重要的价值。     

圆韧带位置和宫腹腔镜检查在诊断输卵管间质部妊娠的价值研究

目的:探讨圆韧带位置与宫腹腔镜检查在输卵管间质部妊娠的诊断价值。方法:选取2008年1月至2012年5月间我院拟诊的输卵管间质部妊娠50例,常规行宫腹腔镜联合检查,术中实时录像,从各个方位拍摄子宫圆韧带与宫角包块的关系,并总结分析。结果:50例均经宫腹腔镜检查确诊为输卵管间质部妊娠。50例患者圆韧带位于宫角包块内侧的占82.0%(41/50),包块中间的占8.0%(4/50),包块外侧的占10.0%(5/50)。50例患者输卵管间质部妊娠宫角包块直径1~8 cm,按包块直径分为A组(包块直径4 cm)22例和B组(包块直径≥4 cm)28例,圆韧带位于宫角包块内侧的比例A组、B组分别为90.9%(20/22),75.0%(21/28),两组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:以圆韧带位于宫角包块内侧诊断输卵管间质部妊娠不完全准确,不能作为诊断的标准。宫腹腔镜联合检查是诊断输卵管间质部妊娠的金标准。     

宫腔镜诊治宫角妊娠13例临床分析

目的:探讨宫腔镜在宫角妊娠的诊断及治疗中的应用价值.方法:我院于2002年9月至2008年2月共收治误诊的宫角妊娠患者13例,应用宫腔镜技术对其进行诊断及协助治疗.结果:13例患者均由宫腔镜检确诊.其中12例在B超引导宫腔镜下彻底清除妊娠组织,另1例联合腹腔镜行患侧宫角楔切及同侧输卵管切除术.所有患者手术过程均顺利,出血少,疗效满意.结论:宫腔镜技术是诊断及保守治疗宫角妊娠的一种非常有价值的方法.     

阴道超声联合腹部超声检查对宫角复合妊娠的诊断价值北大核心CSCD

目的探讨阴道超声(TVS)联合腹部超声(TAS)检查对宫角复合妊娠(CHP)的临床诊断价值。方法对上海交通大学医学院附属国际和平妇幼保健院2005年1月至2021年12月收治的17240例的异位妊娠病例资料进行回顾性分析,其中有15例妊娠被确诊为CHP。分析CHP的发生率及术前超声诊断CHP的准确率和特异度。结果CHP占异位妊娠的0.087%;术前超声声像图均为孕囊型,术前宫角破裂伴出血占60.0%,术前TVS联合TAS及单纯TVS诊断CHP的敏感度、符合率、特异度分别为87.5%、85.0%、75.0%和81.2%、75.0%、50.0%。单纯TVS与TVS联合TAS诊断CHP的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.633和0.767。结论TVS联合TAS检查对CHP的诊断准确率较高,有助于提高CHP的筛查率,降低CHP宫角破裂出血并发症的发生率。     

早期宫角妊娠的临床转归与治疗

目的探讨早期宫角妊娠的临床转归及治疗。方法回顾性分析了近6年在本院行促排卵或宫腔内人工受精/体外受精-胚胎移植(IUI/IVF-ET)助孕的16例孕早期超声诊断为宫角妊娠患者的临床资料。结果 16例无症状型早期宫角妊娠患者均动态超声观察及严密随访,其中5例孕囊转为宫内妊娠;8例孕囊继续向宫角肌层扩展者中7例行手术终止妊娠,1例行经阴道宫角妊娠减胎术;2例孕囊位置无明显改变者行宫角妊娠减胎术;1例胚胎停育者行药物杀胚加清宫术。结论早期宫角妊娠具有生长方向的双向性,对于无明显临床症状且有强烈生育要求的妇女,超声早期诊断和孕8周内的严密动态监测可作为帮助选择继续期待观察或终止妊娠的重要依据。     

人工流产中的宫角妊娠——附24例分析

早孕期宫角妊娠因无特殊体征而难于确诊,以致预后较差。本文总结了近三年来在我院因宫角妊娠住院的24例患者的临床诊断和治疗情况,分析其病史、症状、体征及辅助检查的特征,为今后临床诊断和治疗提供依据。1 病例分析1.1 临床资料24例患者的平均年龄为30.9±4.5岁(25～42岁);首次妊娠者占12.5%(3/24),妊娠两次以上者占83.3%(20/24),妊娠次数最多为5次;未生育者占37.5%(9/24),有人流史者占79.2%(19/24),有不孕症和异位妊娠史者各1例。1.2 病史特征24例名患者均有停经史,停经天数<40 d者仅1例,23例(95.9%)停经40～90 d。其中19例(79.2%)来…     

宫腔镜诊治宫角妊娠的临床应用

目的:探讨宫腔镜在宫角妊娠诊治中的应用价值。方法:对我院2004年10月至2006年7月收治的14例宫角妊娠病例进行回顾性分析。结果:宫腔镜诊断宫角妊娠,确诊率100%,联合B超进行治疗,必要时分次手术,治疗成功率100%,术中、术后均无严重并发症。结论:宫腔镜诊治宫角妊娠,安全、高效、微创,值得推广。     

胚胎移植后宫内外复合妊娠手术治疗264例分析

目的:分析胚胎移植(ET)后宫内外复合妊娠(HP)手术治疗效果和妊娠结局。方法:选择2011年12月至2019年1月重庆市妇幼保健院收治的ET后发生HP并行手术治疗确诊的患者264例,回顾性分析其临床表现、手术治疗情况和妊娠结局。结果:本组患者包括202例(76.5%)输卵管妊娠(除外间质部),间质部妊娠和宫角部妊娠各29例,肌壁间妊娠及卵巢妊娠各2例。初次疑诊时间是移植后第16～62天,平均27.7±6.6天。162例患者诊断前有症状,以腹痛为最常见首发症状(29.9%)。接受手术时间是ET后第18～63天,平均30.4±7.5天。术中发现异位妊娠包块破裂31例,其中输卵管妊娠20例、间质部妊娠7例及宫角妊娠4例,盆腔积血10～1500 ml,其中11例患者予术后输血。233例异位妊娠包块未破裂者术中有157例有盆腔积血,量为5～800 ml,异位妊娠包块未破裂患者术中盆腔积血量明显少于破裂者(P0.001)。14例患者为孕12周前发生早期流产,手术方式(开腹或腹腔镜)、异位妊娠是否破裂及异位妊娠部位均与早期流产无关(P0.05)。术前宫内妊娠有胎心者流产率明显低于无胎心者(3.6%vs 13.6%,P0.05)。结论:ET后患者应遵循严格的随访策略,尽早发现HP,降低患者风险。术前宫内妊娠有胎心可能与早期流产率降低有关。     

128例经阴道超声检查诊断异位妊娠的临床分析

目的研究经阴道超声检查对异位妊娠患者的诊断价值。方法纳入青岛经济技术开发区第一人民医院2014年9月至2016年9月期间收治的128例异位妊娠患者作为研究对象,所有患者按入院顺序分为两组。经腹组43例采用经腹部超声检查进行诊断,经阴组85例采用经阴道超声检查进行诊断。观察两种检查方式对异位妊娠的诊断率以及对不同类型异位妊娠的诊断情况。结果经阴组、经腹组患者对异位妊娠确诊率分别为97.53%、79.07%,经阴组对异位妊娠确诊率明显更高(P0.05)。经阴道超声检查共诊断异位妊娠患者81例,其中输卵管妊娠79例(96.67%),卵巢妊娠1例(1.23%),宫角妊娠1例(1.23%)。未破裂型4例(6.67%);破裂型71例(87.65%);陈旧型6例(7.41%)。两种检查方式在衰减包块型输卵管妊娠、混合包块型输卵管妊娠、实性包块型输卵管妊娠以及漂浮型输卵管妊娠上有明显差异(P0.05);且经阴组检查各异位妊娠类型诊断率明显高于经腹组(P0.05)。结论相对于经腹部超声检查而言经阴道超声检查对异位妊娠诊断率和不同类型判断更准确。     

Diagnosis and laparoscopic management of 11 consecutive cases of cornual ectopic pregnancy

Objective  To determine the pre-operative diagnosis by two dimensional ultrasound scan and the outcome of the laparoscopic management of cornual ectopic pregnancy. Design  Prospective database cohort study. Setting  Whipps Cross University Hospital, UK (District General Hospital). Patients  Eleven patients with cornual ectopic pregnancy presenting in our hospital between January 2003 and December 2007. Interventions  Laparoscopic cornuostomy or cornual resection. Outcome measures  Pre-operative diagnosis by ultrasound scan, conversion rate to laparotomy, successful laparoscopy (not requiring further treatment), complication rate and duration of hospital stay. Results  The mean gestational age was 8 ± 2 weeks. All 11 patients presented with abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding and two (18%) patients became haemodynamically unstable before laparoscopy. There were five (45%) patients with risk factors for ectopic pregnancy. The mean serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hcg) was15,263 ± 12,045 μm/ml. One patient did not have a transvaginal scan as it was decided to proceed to surgery on clinical grounds. The diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy was correct at initial scan in nine (90%) of the ten patients who had transvaginal scans as one patient was misdiagnosed at the first scan. However, an ectopic pregnancy was diagnosed on a second ultrasound scan assessment. Initial laparoscopy was negative in one of the nine patients diagnosed as having an ectopic pregnancy. The diagnosis was later confirmed following serial serum β-hcg monitoring, a repeat scan and a second laparoscopy. Ten (91%) of the 11 patients had successful operative laparoscopy as one (9%) patient had conversion to laparotomy. Among patients who had laparoscopic surgery, cornuostomy was performed in three (30%) patients while cornual resection was performed in the other seven (70%) patients. One (10%) of the patients who had laparoscopic surgery needed further treatment with systemic methotrexate. This patient had a cornual resection and was the only complication following laparoscopic surgery. The mean hospital stay was 2 days. Conclusion  This presentation of one of the larger series of patients with cornual ectopic pregnancy managed by laparoscopic surgery reveals that experience at ultrasonography and laparoscopic technique can lead to earlier diagnosis and few cases requiring laparotomy or further treatment. In addition laparoscopic surgery for cornual ectopic is safe and lends itself to conservative approach (cornuostomy) in selected cases.     

宫腹腔镜联合治疗穿透性胎盘植入一例并文献复习

目的探讨穿透性胎盘植入的临床特征、诊断与治疗策略。 方法收集广州医科大学附属第三医院收治的1例(简称"本例")及文献报道的13例穿透性胎盘植入患者的临床资料,对穿透性胎盘植入的诊断和治疗方法进行回顾性分析。 结果(1)诊断：14例穿透性胎盘植入患者由超声、磁共振成像(MRI)和术后病理确诊。初产妇发生穿透性胎盘植入2例,经产妇12例。(2)治疗：5例全子宫切除,4例次全子宫切除,5例保留子宫(包括本例);"本例"患者先经双侧髂内动脉、子宫动脉造影＋药物灌注栓塞术治疗后胎盘未排出,后经宫腹腔镜联合切除病灶,成功保留了子宫。(3)预后情况：1例患者并发上呼吸道感染,1例并发失血性休克,1例因穿透性胎盘植入并子宫浆膜层出血发生腹腔内出血,其余11例无并发症。(4)围产儿预后：12例胎儿存活,2例发生死胎。 结论穿透性胎盘植入好发于有剖宫产病史及经产妇患者,彩色多普勒超声、MRI检查及术后病理可提高胎盘植入的诊断率,合理的保守治疗及宫腹腔镜联合切除病灶,可降低子宫切除率。     

腹腔镜下和经腹广泛子宫切除及盆腔淋巴结切除术治疗早期子宫恶性肿瘤的临床效果比较

目的:比较腹腔镜下和经腹广泛子宫切除及盆腔淋巴结切除术治疗子宫恶性肿瘤的临床效果。方法:对我院2008年9月～2010年12月68例早期子宫恶性肿瘤患者行腹腔镜下广泛子宫切除及盆腔淋巴结切除术(腹腔镜组),随机抽取同期60例经腹广泛子宫切除及盆腔淋巴结切除术的病例做对照(开腹组),比较两种术式的手术相关情况,术后恢复情况,手术并发症及术后生存质量等。结果:行腹腔镜手术的68例患者中无1例中转开腹,腹腔镜组在手术时间,术中出血量,淋巴结切除数目,手术并发症,术后住院日和术后体温恢复时间与开腹组相比具有明显优势,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);但在膀胱功能恢复时间,盆腔引流液,尿管拔出时间等方面比较,差异无显著意义(P>0.05)。结论:腹腔镜下广泛子宫切除及盆腔淋巴结切除术可达到开腹手术的安全性及有效性,并具有创伤小,术野清晰,并发症少,恢复快等优点,为微创手术治疗妇科恶性肿瘤提供了良好的应用前景。     

Heterotopic pregnancy as an complication during pregnancy and labour--the case report

Heterotopic gravidity (HG) is a rare co-existence of intrauterine and ectopic pregnancy with higher incidence in pregnancies after in vitro fertilisation (IVF). Diagnosis of HG is demanding. HG is commonly identificated when rupture or hemoperitoneum occurs. CASE REPORT: 35-year-old woman after 3rd cycle of IVF for absolute tubar factor. Two embryos transfered. Ectopic implatation of second embryo in uterine corner occured. Patient hospitalized with acute deteriorating symptoms of hemoperitoneum in 6th week of gestation. Diagnostic laparoscopy performed with ectopic cornual gravidity detection. Decision made to retain the intrauterine gravidity. Induction of the labour in the 40th week of gestation performed. Placenta retained after the delivery of a normal newborn. Lysis manualis performed, uterine hypothonia followed. On suspicion of placenta percreta laparotomy indicated. Acute supracervical abdominal simplex hysterectomy performed. Histologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of placenta percreta. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of HG is based on the assesment of clinical symptoms, transvaginal ultrasound and endoscopic diagnostics with eventual intervention. In case of hemoperitoneum urgent surgical intervention indicated. Placenta percreta is a rare complication increased in incidence by the presence of myometrial dammage usually from past uterine surgery. Presence of the scar tissue and abnormal placentation might also be a random coincidence. Placenta percreta is a life threatening complication with a great risk of hemmorhage and commonly requires acute surgical intervention.     

Laparoskopische Operationsverfahren in der Gynäkologie

The international significance of, for example, vaginal surgical techniques has been increased by laparoscopy. Surgery for extrauterine pregnancy, or adnexectomy and partial adnexal resection are only carried out with a laparotomy in exceptional cases; for the therapy of benign uterine diseases this is used in less than 10% of cases. The spectrum of laparoscopy ranges from endometrial ablation over hysteroscopic resection and laparoscopic enucleation of myomas, to the various types of hysterectomy: laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH), laparoscopic assisted supracervical hysterectomy (LASH) and total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH). In addition, tumor surgery can be carried out, either partially or completely, using laparoscopy. Laparoscopic pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy are also established techniques. Endoscopic surgical techniques are still not as widely used as could be. In 2003, 60% of hysterectomies in Germany still involved abdominal surgery. Future developments in operative techniques require our particular attention, as do the establishment of already evaluated procedures in their total breadth, especially in the training of the younger generations of gynecologists.     

宫角妊娠的治疗及对术后生育能力的影响分析

目的：分析比较宫角妊娠不同治疗方案的临床效果及对术后生育能力的影响。方法：对我院2012年1月-2015年12月收治的95例宫角妊娠患者进行回顾性分析,按照治疗方法将其分为5组：清宫术组（n=21）、开腹探查手术组（n=27）、腹腔镜手术组（n=33）、减胎术组（n=5）、药物治疗组（n=9）。分析比较不同治疗方案的临床效果及对术后生育能力的影响。结果：手术患者均获得成功,术后均未发生明显不良反应。开腹探查手术组的术中出血量最多,清宫术组最少,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;清宫术组手术时间短于开腹探查手术组和腹腔镜组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,而腹腔镜手术组与开腹探查手术组的手术时间比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;术后3 d人绒毛膜促性腺激素β亚单位（β-hCG）下降程度清宫术组显著优于开腹探查手术组和腹腔镜组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;术后住院时间比较,清宫术组最短,开腹探查手术组最长,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。药物治疗组的9例患者中,有8例孕囊完全排出,孕囊排出时间3~5.5 h,平均（4.1±1.2）h;阴道出血时间5~8 d,平均（7.2±1.4）d;其余1例因不完全流产转行清宫术。随访至治疗后1年,除减胎术组5例成功分娩外,其余90例患者中,计划妊娠81例,再次宫内妊娠者41例,药物治疗组再妊娠率最高,开腹探查手术组最低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：对于宫角妊娠应根据患者的病情,妊娠包块大小、位置及是否破裂,患者的意愿,以及医师的实践经验和手术技巧综合考虑,力求对患者创伤程度最低,对术后再生育能力影响最小。     

Laparoscopic management of early uterine cancer: 10-year experience in Asan Medical Center

OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of patients with early uterine cancer and to compare their outcomes with those of patients treated with laparotomy. METHODS: The records of 388 patients with clinical stage I or II uterine cancer treated by laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) or total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) between January 1997 and April 2006 were retrospectively reviewed. After excluding 39 patients with uterine sarcoma and 40 with upstaging or conversion to laparotomy procedures, the case-controlled study was performed. RESULTS: Laparoscopic procedures were converted to laparotomy in 10 of 188 patients (5.3%), whereas laparoscopic surgery was successful in 178 (94.7%). Histopathologic results led to upstaging of 32 of 349 patients (9.2%), including 15 of 188 (8.0%) in laparoscopy group and 17 of 161 (10.6%) in laparotomy group. The two groups were similar in age, parity, BMI, surgical stage, histological grade, tumor size, operating time and number of lymph nodes removed. Fewer complications and shorter hospital stay were observed in laparoscopy group. Between groups, recurrence rate did not differ significantly. Four recurrences in vaginal stump occurred in the only laparoscopy group, but the difference was not statistically significant. There were no significant differences between the two groups in progression-free and overall survival. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopy is a valid alternative to conventional laparotomy and does not worsen the prognosis of patients with early endometrial carcinoma. Efforts should be made during laparoscopic procedures to minimize the risk of vaginal recurrence.     

Repair of Uterine Rupture in Twin Gestation after Laparoscopic Cornual Resection

Spontaneous uterine rupture in the course of pregnancy is a rare event that usually occurs in a scarred uterus. The event occurs mostly during the intrapartum period and is potentially catastrophic for both mother and fetus. We report a case of 2-cm cornual rupture in a pregnant woman at 13 weeks twin gestation with previous history of cornual pregnancy successfully managed via laparoscopy. Sudden onset of abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding was noted first. Physical examination revealed stable vital signs, lower abdominal tenderness, and mild rebounding pain. Pelvic ultrasonography revealed twin pregnancy at 13 weeks with extrauterine saccular structure 6 cm in diameter located on the left fundus and contiguous with an intrauterine oligohydramnics twin. Exploratory laparotomy was promptly performed, and a small rupture about 2 cm in diameter was observed on the upper portion of the left fundus, the site of a previous laparoscopic cornual resection scar. A protruding amniotic sac of about 6 cm diameter and containing some part of the umbilical cord was seen. The uterine rupture site was repaired directly after aspiration of amniotic fluid from the protruding sac. After surgery, the patient received antibiotics, 17-OH-progesterone for potential rupture of membranes and prematurity. Tocolysis with Ritodrine for irregular uterine contractions was given at 22 weeks gestation. Steroids were given at 24 weeks gestation. The pregnancy ended with a successful delivery by cesarean section because of uncontrollable uterine contractions at 30 5/7 weeks gestation. In conclusion, although termination of pregnancy would normally be recommended when uterine rupture occurs, a different approach to management may now be accepted.     

Interstitial pregnancy: results generated from the Society of Reproductive Surgeons Registry

OBJECTIVE: To summarize management of interstitial pregnancy and its outcome among 32 reported cases in the world. METHODS: From 1999 to 2002, 32 cases of interstitial pregnancy were reported to the registry of the Society of Reproductive Surgeons. The participants completed a five-page questionnaire regarding when and how diagnosis was made, the characteristics of the pregnancy, treatment modalities, and subsequent reproductive outcome. RESULTS: History of ipsilateral salpingectomy was encountered in 37.5% of patients, and the diagnosis was made by ultrasound in 71.4% of the patients. Eight women were treated with methotrexate either systemically (n = 4), locally under ultrasound guidance (n = 2), or under laparoscopic guidance (n = 2). Eleven patients were treated by laparoscopy and 13 by laparotomy. Three patients failed systemic methotrexate treatment and subsequently required surgery. Persistently elevated serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin levels were found in one patient after laparoscopic cornual excision, and she was successfully treated with methotrexate. Fourteen cases (43.7%) of rupture of interstitial pregnancy were found. This included five cases (15.6%) of heterotopic pregnancy; all were the results of in vitro fertilization, and all ruptured at the time of diagnosis. Subsequent pregnancy was achieved in ten patients. No uterine rupture was encountered during pregnancy or labor. CONCLUSION: Ipsilateral salpingectomy, previous ectopic pregnancy, and in vitro fertilization are predisposing factors for interstitial pregnancy. Contrary to previous belief, rupture of interstitial pregnancy occurs relatively early in pregnancy. In selected patients, laparoscopic cornual excision is a viable treatment option.     

Conservative management of placenta accreta and unruptured interstitial cornual pregnancy using methotrexate

We describe two cases which demonstrate methotrexate (mtx) to be an effective alternative to surgery in two serious complications of early pregnancy, namely placenta accreta diagnosed at attempted evacuation of retained products of conception and interstitial cornual pregnancy diagnosed at laparoscopy.