正交优化头孢克肟侧链活性酯的合成工艺

通过正交实验,确定反应时间、反应温度、碱量和促进剂的量,并选择适宜条件进行验证实验.改进后提高了头孢克肟侧链活性酯的质量和收率,达到了正交优化实验目的.     

头孢克肟的合成工艺研究

目的 优化头孢克肟的合成工艺.方法 以7-氨基-3-乙烯基头孢烷酸与2-(2-氨基-4-噻唑)-2-[[(z)-(叔丁氧羰基)甲氧]亚氨]-乙酸苯并噻唑硫酯为起始原料经酰胺化、水解反应得目标化合物.结果 目标化合物经红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱确证化学结构,总收率80%,纯度99.2%.结论 该制备过程操作简单,收率高,易于实现工业化.     

头孢克肟

头孢克肟(cefixime,FR 17027,FK 027,CL 284635)是口服半合成第三代头孢菌素。化学名为[6R-[6α,7β(Z)]]-7-[[(2-氨基-4-噻唑基)[(羧甲氧基)亚氨基]乙酰]氨基]-3-乙烯-8-氧代-5-硫杂-1-氮杂双环[4.2.0]辛-2-烯-2-羧酸。化学结构见图1。     

头孢克肟的合成

7-氨基-3-乙烯基头孢烷酸和[(2-氨基-噻唑-4-基)-(苯并噻唑-2-基-硫基羰基)亚甲基氨基氧基]乙酸叔丁酯经酰胺化、水解等反应合成头孢克肟,总收率35.8%.     

头孢克肟的合成

用7-氨基-3-乙烯基-3-头孢烯-4-羧酸和(Z)-2-(2-氨基噻唑-4-基)-2-甲氧羰基甲氧亚氨基硫代乙酸(S)-2-苯并噻唑酯在三乙胺催化下经酰化、水解反应,一锅法制得头孢克肟,收率约92%。     

头孢泊肟酯与头孢克肟治疗急性细菌性感染随机对照研究

目的比较头孢泊肟酯与头孢克肟治疗急性细菌性感染的安全性、有效性。方法采用随机对照研究方法,以头孢克肟为对照,入选细菌感染性疾病115例,其中头孢泊肟酯试验组60例,头孢克肟对照组55例,2组的用量,用法试验组为100 m g,po,b id,对照组为200m g,po,b id,疗程均为7~12d。结果2组临床总痊愈率分别为73%和69%,总有效率分别为92%和91%,细菌清除率分别为98%和94%,不良反应率分别为7%和6%,经统计学处理均无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论头孢泊肟酯治疗急性细菌性感染临床安全,有效。     

头孢泊肟酯的合成

头孢泊肟酯是第三代头孢菌素中第一个口服衍生物,具有广谱抗菌活性,对很多革兰氏阴、阳性菌有效,且很少见细菌对本品耐药。文献报道本品的合成方法有多种。笔者以国产氨噻肟头孢为原料经酰化、甲氧基化.酯化和水解4步反应制得。     

头孢克肟颗粒剂的研制

目的：在头孢克肟胶囊剂基础上改进剂型，制备出头孢克肟颗粒剂。方法：按等容递加配研法制备成颗粒剂，以药物溶出度为主要指标．应用正交设计法对其处方和制备工艺进行了优化，并初步考察其稳定性。结果：头孢克肟颗粒剂的各项指标符合2000年版《中国药典》的规定。结论：头孢克肟颗粒剂的制备工艺简单、可行，主要质量指标的控制方法较完善，产品具有良好的稳定性。     

头孢克肟临床疗效观察

头孢克肟临床疗效观察李萍，王世祥，刘皋林，朱彩娟上海长海医院２００４３３上海长征医院２００００３头孢克肟（ｃｅｆｉｘｉｍｅ，ＣＦＩＸ）又称世福素（Ｃｅｆｓｐａｎ），是第三代口服头孢菌素。由日本藤泽制药有限公司研制开发。其抗菌谱广，杀菌作用强。消除半衰...     

头孢克肟及其关键中间体7-AVCA的合成工艺改进

目的 研究头孢克肟及其关键中间体7-AVCA的合成工艺,以酶解法替代传统化学裂解法.方法 经工艺考察及改进,最终确定以GCLE为起始原料,经关键中间体7-AVCA制备头孢克肟适合于生产的工艺.结果 所制得的头孢克肟质量好,总收率为64%.其中采用的酶解法工艺不仅解决了环保治理的瓶颈问题,同时改进工艺获得的中间体7-AVCA的质最明显优于其他方法,优质的7-AVCA从源头上起到提高下游原料药头孢克肟产品的含量及稳定性,降低杂质的作用.头孢克肟的结构经1H-NMR、IR和UV分析确证,色谱纯度经HPLC检测大于99%.结论 本文工艺与文献相比,操作简化,收率提高,产品质量优异,节能环保,适合于产业化.     

头孢克肟颗粒溶出度检查方法研究

目的建立头孢克肟颗粒中主药溶出度的测定方法。方法采用紫外分光光度法．在288nm波长处测定头抱克肟颗粒中主药的吸收度。并计算回收率和溶出度。结果头抱克肟检测浓度线性范围为2．67～21．36μg·mL^-1（r=0．9990）;平均回收率为99．9％（RSD=0.70％,n=9）;3批样品在45min溶出量均在75％以上。结论本方法准确、可靠。可用于该制剂的溶出度测定。     

头孢克肟片在健康受试者体内的生物利用度和生物等效性研究

目的:比较头孢克肟片和头孢克肟胶囊(世福素)的生物利用度和生物等效性。方法:20名健康志愿受试者随机交叉单剂口服头孢克肟片和胶囊各200mg,采用以头孢拉定作内标的高效液相色谱法测定头孢克肟血药浓度,以3p97程序计算两制剂的药物动力学参数和生物利用度。结果:建立的高效液相色谱法,以头孢拉定作内标,测定头孢克肟血浆药物浓度,检测限为1ng(S／N>3),线性范围为0.1-5.0μg·mL-1(r=0.9993,n=5)。0.25、1.0及2.5μg·mL-1三种浓度的回收率分别为(96.0±5.7)、(94.0±2.8)及(100.0±3.4)％,其平均回收率为(96.67±3.06)％,RSD为3.17％;日内误差分别为4.2、3.2及3.6％;日间误差分别为7.4、2.2及3.7％。头孢克肟片和胶囊的人体内血药浓度-时间曲线符合口服一室模型,主要动力学参数:T1/2Ke分别为(4.98±0.58)和(5.28±0.77)h;Tmax分别为(4.7±0.6)和(4.6±0.9)h;Cmax分别为(3.38±0.9)和(3.29±0.87)μg·mL-1;AUC0-24分别为(30.72±7.56)和(30.60±7.92)h·(μg·mL)-1。相对生物利用度为(102.8±19.7)％。结论:头孢克肟片与胶囊(世福素)具有生物等效性。     

光谱法研究头孢克肟与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

<正>头孢克肟(cefixime,CE)是常用消炎药,目前未见用光谱法研究CE与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)相互作用的报道,以往研究药物与BSA相互作用主要集中在猝灭机制探讨上,而本文在优化实验条件的情况下从更多方面系统地研究了CE与BSA的结合反应,除了常规的作用机制的研究,还深入探讨了3个不同温度下两者的结合位点、结合力类型、结合部位、药物协同作用以及对BSA构象的影响等。这些研究对于阐明CE在机体内的传输、代谢过程及药理作用具有有益的参考意义。1材料与方法1.1仪器与试剂F-4600荧光光谱仪(日本日立公司),测     

Clinical studies on cefixime in pediatrics

Clinical usefulness of cefixime (CFIX), a new oral cephalosporin antibiotic, in pediatric field was investigated. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. The clinical efficacy of CFIX was investigated in a total of 138 children including 49 with upper respiratory tract infections (RTI), 22 with acute bronchitis, 18 with pneumonia, 19 with scarlet fever and 21 with urinary tract infections (UTI). 2. Clinical effectiveness was excellent in 58, good in 60, fair in 14 and poor in 3, with an overall efficacy rate of 87.4%. The efficacy rate classified according to types of infection were 85.7% in upper RTI, 89.5% in acute bronchitis, 94.4% in pneumonia, 78.9% in scarlet fever, and 90.5% in UTI. 3. Out of the suspected causative organisms, 43 strains of a total of 50 strains isolated were eradicated. The bacteriological eradication rate was 86.0%. (Haemophilus influenzae 100%, Haemophilus parainfluenzae 100%, Streptococcus pyogenes 88.5%, Escherichia coli 85.7%). 4. One hundred forty four children were analyzed for side effect. Side effects were observed in 2 children (1.4%) with diarrhea in 1 and anorexia in another. Abnormal laboratory test results were recorded in 4 children (3.3%). The above results suggest that CFIX is a very useful new oral cephalosporin for the treatment of bacterial infections in children.     

Clinical studies on cefixime in pediatrics

A clinical study of cefixime (CFIX), a new oral cephalosporin, was carried out to evaluate its therapeutic effectiveness on bacterial infections in children. CFIX was orally administered to 13 patients including 6 with upper respiratory tract infection (RTI), 3 with pneumonia, and 1 each with bronchitis, otitis media, skin abscess, and urinary tract infection (UTI). The daily dosage per kg bodyweight ranged from 5.1 to 17.4 mg (average: 8.7 mg), and was given in 2 or 3 divided doses per day for 3 to 10 days (average: 5.8 days). The clinical response was excellent in 4 (30.8%), good in 7 (53.8%) and poor in 2 (15.4%), with an overall efficacy rate of 84.6%. Bacteriological efficacy was good, and 6 of the 8 identified causative organisms were eradicated. Side effects were observed in 3 children, i.e., loose stool in 1 and transient elevations of GOT and GPT in 2. The above results suggest that CFIX is a useful new oral cephalosporin for the treatment of bacterial infections in children.     

Clinical study on cefixime granules in the field of pediatrics

The absorption and excretion and clinical effectiveness of cefixime (CFIX) granules, a new oral cephalosporin, were studied with pediatric patients with tonsillitis and urinary tract infection (UTI). Peak serum concentrations in 3 children given orally a single dose of 3 mg/kg on fasting were 0.545 micrograms/ml at 2 hours in 1 patient, and 1.56 and 1.26 micrograms/ml at 4 hours in the other 2. The half-lives in the 3 patients were 3.21-3.42 hours, with an average of 3.29 hours. The urinary concentration during the first 6 hours was 36.5 micrograms/ml in 1 patient showing the low serum level, and the first 6-hour urinary recovery rate was 7.3%. In the other 2 patients, urinary concentrations and recovery rates up to 6 hours were 87 and 62 micrograms/ml, and 17.0 and 15.1%, respectively. The second 6-hour urinary concentrations and recovery rates were 35.5 and 20.8 micrograms/ml, and 12.7 and 8.8%, respectively. The urinary recovery rates up to 12 hours were 29.7 and 23.9%, respectively. CFIX was given orally to 19 children with 20 diseases in daily doses of 6.4-12.9 mg/kg in 2 or 3 divided portions for 3 to 12 days. Clinical evaluations were made on 18 diseases. Clinical effects of CFIX were excellent in 4, good in 7 and poor in 1 of the 12 patients with tonsillitis, and excellent in 5 and good in 1 of the 6 patients with UTI. The overall clinical effectiveness rate was 94.4%. No side effects were observed in any of the 19 patients. Hematological tests, showed slight elevation of blood platelet counts in 2 patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Fundamental and clinical studies on cefixime in the pediatric field

Fundamental and clinical studies on cefixime (CFIX), a new oral cephem antibiotic, were carried out in the pediatric field. The results were as follows: Serum concentrations and urinary recovery rates were determined after oral administration of CFIX at doses of 3 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg in 2 cases each (4 cases in total). The mean serum concentrations of CFIX were 0.52 and 0.58 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 0.80 and 1.42 micrograms/ml at 4 hours, 0.73 and 1.36 micrograms/ml at 6 hours, 0.54 and 1.12 micrograms/ml at 8 hours, respectively. The mean peak serum concentration of CFIX was obtained at 4 hours after administration, with serum half-lives (T1/2) of 3.77 and 5.30 hours, respectively. The mean cumulative urinary recovery rates within 12 hours after administration of CFIX at doses of 3 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg were 8.4% and 6.8%, respectively. Antibacterial activities of CFIX against clinically isolated strains of S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae. E. faecalis, S. aureus, E. coli, H. influenzae, H. parainfluenzae were compared with those of amoxicillin (AMPC), cefaclor (CCL), and cephalexin (CEX). It was observed that CFIX was a little less active than AMPC against S. pyogenes and S. pneumoniae, but CFIX was more active than CCL and CEX. CFIX was the most active against E. coli, H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae. Twenty-one pediatric patients with bacterial infections (10, tonsillitis; 4, pharyngitis; and 7, urinary tract infections) were treated with CFIX at doses of 1.5-6.0 mg/kg in 2 or 3 times daily for 4-10 days. The efficacy rate was 95.2% clinically and 91.3% bacteriologically. No adverse reactions were observed. An abnormal laboratory finding (slight elevation of S-GOT and S-GPT) was observed in 1 case.