脑池及脑池积血在动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后急性脑积水发生中的作用

目的 探讨脑池及脑池积血在动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(aSAH)后急性脑积水发生中的作用.方法 对南方医科大学南方医院神经外科201 1年5月至2014年1月经手术治疗且资料完整的306例aSAH患者的临床数据进行回顾性分析,其临床变量进行单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析,并对各个脑池的血量进行定量分析.结果 306例患者中有112例发生了急性脑积水,发生率为36.6％.单因素分析表明Fisher分级、脑室积血、动脉瘤的位置、动脉瘤侧别、再出血、治疗方式6项因素比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示动脉瘤位置与脑室积血为其独立发生因素.在无脑室积血的患者中,急性脑积水的发生率为22.4％,其中脑积水组中的脚间池、右侧侧裂池血量最多,与非脑积水组相比差异有统计学意义(P=0.000;P=0.005).结论 aSAH急性脑积水是多因素共同作用的结果,动脉瘤位置与脑室积血是其独立危险因素;aSAH急性脑积水是梗阻性脑积水,脑池的位置及脑池积血的分布在aSAH急性脑积水发生中有着重要的影响作用;在无脑室积血的aSAH患者中,脚间池、右侧侧裂池的积血血量越大,越容易发生急性脑积水.     

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后不同治疗方式对分流依赖性脑积水的影响

目的比较开颅夹闭和血管内栓塞对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(aSAH)术后发生分流依赖性脑积水的影响,探讨分流依赖性脑积水的高危因素。方法回顾性分析266例aSAH病人的临床资料,按治疗方式不同分为开颅夹闭组(164例)与血管内栓塞组(102例)。并将术后需行脑室-腹腔分流术的37例作为分流组,其他作为非分流组,对两组资料进行统计分析。结果开颅夹闭组和血管内栓塞组分流依赖性脑积水的发生率无明显差异(P0.05)。分流组与非分流组在年龄、Hunt-Hess分级、Fisher分级、伴脑室内出血方面差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而两组在发生急性脑积水及动脉瘤部位方面的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。经Logistic回归分析:年龄≥65岁、Hunt-HessⅣ~Ⅴ级、FisherⅢ~Ⅳ级、伴脑室内出血是发生分流依赖性脑积水的独立危险因素。结论对aSAH病人采取开颅夹闭或血管内栓塞术后,发生分流依赖性脑积水的情况并无差异;高龄、较差的起始神经系统状态及伴有脑室内出血的aSAH病人更易发生分流依赖性脑积水,应引起临床注意。     

GDC血管内栓塞治疗动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后慢性脑积水的影响机制与预后研究

目的 探讨GDC血管内栓塞治疗动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后慢性脑积水发生的易患因素和临床预后.方法 纳入研究标准的132例动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者均行GDC血管内栓塞治疗,术后对出血破入脑室伴脑室系统梗阻患者行脑室外引流术,对其他患者行腰椎穿刺脑脊液置换术,出血后1月CT评价慢性脑积水发生情况.对慢性轻度脑积水行短期临床观察,慢性重度脑积水行脑室腹腔分流术.根据改良Rankin量表评价患者6月后临床恢复情况.行统计学分析明确影响慢性脑积水发生的易患因素,比较动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血治疗6月后有无慢性脑积水者在临床预后上的差异.结果 本组动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者慢性脑积水的发生率为12.12%(16/132),其易患因素依次是年龄、术前Fisher分级、术前Hunt-Hess分级.GDC血管内栓塞治疗后6月随访,有无慢性脑积水者在临床预后方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后慢性脑积水的发生不是单因素作用的结果,重度慢性脑积水患者及时行脑室腹腔分流术可得到较好的预后结果.     

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血并发慢性脑积水的危险因素研究

目的 探讨动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(aSAH)并发慢性脑积水的危险因素。方法 选取2013年1月～2016年1月于本院接受治疗的210例aSAH患者,其中并发慢性脑积水者30例,设为观察组,其余180例未并发脑积水者设为对照组; 分析可能影响患者形成慢性脑积水的相关因素,并通过多因素回归分析确定危险因素。结果 2组性别、饮酒史、吸烟史、多发动脉瘤比较无显著差异(P>0.05); 观察组的年龄大于对照组,观察组有高血压病史者占76.7%,首诊CT显示脑室扩大者占43.3%,出血破入脑室者占66.7%,Hunt-Hess分级评分为(2.59±0.66)分,均高于对照组(P<0.05); 预后分级低于对照组(P<0.05),出血次数较对照组多(P<0.05); 多因素Logistic回归分析显示,aSAH并发慢性脑积水的危险因素有高龄、多次出血、高血压病史、出血破入脑室与发病后Hunt-Hess分级高。结论 aSAH出血并发慢性脑积水具有多项危险因素,临床上应注意高危患者的治疗与护理,改善其预后与生存质量。     

aSAH患者术后发生延迟性脑缺血的影响因素及风险预警模型构建

目的 探究动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(aSAH)患者术后发生延迟性脑缺血的影响因素,构建风险预警模型并分析其预测价值。方法 选取2020-01—2023-06河北医科大学附属衡水市人民医院收治的97例aSAH患者为研究对象,均行手术治疗。根据术后是否发生延迟性脑缺血分为发生组(29例)和未发生组(68例)。采用Logistic多因素回归分析aSAH患者术后发生延迟性脑缺血的影响因素,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估危险因素对aSAH患者术后发生延迟性脑缺血的预测价值,并构建a SAH患者术后发生延迟性脑缺血的指数方程。结果 单因素分析显示,发生组患者年龄、动脉瘤直径、Hunt-Hess分级、改良Fisher分级、脑积水、脑血管痉挛、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞计数比值(NLR)等与未发生组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,Hunt-Hess分级、改良Fisher分级、脑血管痉挛、NLR是影响aSAH患者术后发生延迟性脑缺血的危险因素(P<0.05)。aSAH患者术后发生延迟性脑缺血的指数方程为PI=0.902X₃+0....     

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后分流依赖性脑积水的危险因素分析

目的 探讨动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血（aSAH）后分流依赖性脑积水（SDHC）的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2011年7月至2014年6月收治的768例经开颅夹闭或血管内栓塞治疗的aSAH患者的临床资料,其中发生SDHC 151例。结果 Logistic回归分析发现,年龄≥40岁（OR=2.40;95%可信区间为1.25~4.61;P<0.01）、术前hunt-hess分级较高（ⅲ~ⅴ级;or>P<0.01）、术前fisher分级较高（ⅲ~ⅳ级;or>P<0.01）、合并脑室内出血（or>P<0.01）、急性脑积水（or>P<0.01）、脑室外引流术（or>P<0.01）是asah后发生sdhc的独立危险因素。>结论 SDHC的高发生率与患者的高龄、较差的起始神经系统状态、急性脑积水、脑室内出血、脑室外引流术有关。     

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后SDHC的危险因素分析

目的探讨动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage,a SAH)后分流依赖性脑积水(shunt-dependent hydrocephalus,SDHC)的危险因素,比较Fisher分级系统中开颅动脉瘤夹闭或血管内栓塞对a SAH后SDHC的影响。方法回顾性分析我院2011年7月至2014年6月收治的768例经开颅夹闭或血管内栓塞治疗的a SAH患者的临床资料,分为分流组(151例)与非分流组(617例)探讨SDHC的危险因素,并根据Fisher分级系统,分析不同治疗方式对SDHC的影响。结果 SDHC发生的危险因素包括:年龄大于等于40岁,Hunt-Hess(H-H)分级Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ级,Fisher分级Ⅲ、Ⅳ级,急性脑积水,脑室内出血(intraventricular hemorrhage,IVH)。Fisher分级Ⅱ级的患者,栓塞治疗有较低的SDHC发生率;Fisher分级Ⅳ级的患者,开颅夹闭治疗有较低的SDHC发生率。结论SDHC的高发生率与患者的高龄、较差的起始神经系统状态、急性脑积水、脑室内出血有关。Fisher分级Ⅱ级的患者选取栓塞治疗,Ⅳ级的患者选取夹闭治疗,可明显降低SDHC发生,改善患者预后;Fisher分级Ⅰ、Ⅲ级的患者,两种治疗方式对SDHC的发生无影响。     

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血行腰池引流患者慢性脑积水发生因素分析

目的通过对颅内动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(a SAH)行腰大池引流患者后期分流依赖性脑积水发生的影响因素分析,为进一步完善术后腰大池置管的规范化治疗提供参考。方法对2010年1月至2014年1月收治的104例颅内动脉瘤术后行腰大池引流的患者(Hunt-HessⅠ-Ⅲ级)临床及影响学资料进行回顾性分析,将入院临床及影像学评估,手术方式及术后置管等因素纳入研究。结果其中17例患者(16.3%)发生术后分流依赖性脑积水,单因素分析提示出血量Fisher分级,动脉瘤部位、脑室内有否出血的差异性对后期分流依赖性脑积水发生影响显著(P0.05),进一步行logistic多因素回归分析结果显示出血量Fisher分级,脑室内有否出血是影响腰大池引流后分流依赖性脑积水发生的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论对于Hunt-HessⅠ-Ⅲ级患者,即使围手术期规范化置入腰大池引流,其高Fisher分级以及脑室内出血仍是a SAH后分流依赖性脑积水形成的危险因素。     

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后不同脑脊液引流方式的疗效对比

目的分析腰穿与腰大池引流在动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage,aSAH)术后发生分流依赖性脑积水的影响。方法回顾性分析福建医科大学附属第二医院神经外科2013-01—2016-09收治的137例动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者,分析腰穿与腰大池引流在预防aSAH后分流依赖性脑积水中的疗效。结果 36例(26.28%)发生分流依赖性脑积水,Fisher分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ的患者中腰穿及腰大池引流组分流依赖性脑积水的发生率无明显差异(P0.05)。Fisher分级Ⅲ~Ⅳ的患者中2组脑积水发生率有明显差异(P0.05)。结论腰大池置管引流可明显降低Fisher分级Ⅲ~Ⅳ患者脑积水的发生率,Fisher分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ的患者可考虑仅行腰穿。     

蛛网膜下腔出血动脉瘤开颅夹闭术后并慢性脑积水的原因

目的探讨影响蛛网膜下腔出血动脉瘤开颅夹闭术后并慢性脑积水的独立危险因素。方法回顾性分析我院2010-01—2015-01收治的278例动脉瘤行开颅夹闭术患者的临床资料。结果单因素分析发现年龄、高血压史、高血压分级、出血破入脑室、动脉瘤的位置、SAH Fisher级别、SAH Hunt-Hess级别存在统计学差异。在进一步的多因素回归分析中,我们发现年龄、出血破入脑室、SAH Fisher级别、SAH Hunt-Hess级别是独立危险因素。结论临床上应该关注以上4个危险因素,根据患者的病情持续观察这种迟发型并发症,并通过手术方式及时给予干预,以减少慢性脑积水对患者产生的不良后果。     

Predisposing Factors Related to Shunt-Dependent Chronic Hydrocephalus after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Objective

Hydrocephalus is a common sequelae of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and patients who develop hydrocephalus after SAH typically have a worse prognosis than those who do not. This study was designed to identify factors predictive of shunt-dependent chronic hydrocephalus among patients with aneurysmal SAH, and patients who require permanent cerebrospinal fluid diversion.

Methods

Seven-hundred-and-thirty-four patients with aneurysmal SAH who were treated surgically between 1990 and 2006 were retrospectively studied. Three stages of hydrocephalus have been categorized in this paper, i.e., acute (0-3 days after SAH), subacute (4-13 days after SAH), chronic (≥14 days after SAH). Criteria indicating the occurrence of hydrocephalus were the presence of significantly enlarged temporal horns or ratio of frontal horn to maximal biparietal diameter more than 30% in computerized tomography.

Results

Overall, 66 of the 734 patients (8.9%) underwent shunting procedures for the treatment of chronic hydrocephalus. Statistically significant associations among the following factors and shunt-dependent chronic hydrocephalus were observed. (1) Increased age (p < 0.05), (2) poor Hunt and Hess grade at admission (p < 0.05), (3) intraventricular hemorrhage (p < 0.05), (4) Fisher grade III, IV at admission (p < 0.05), (5) radiological hydrocephalus at admission (p < 0.05), and (6) post surgery meningitis (p < 0.05) did affect development of chronic hydrocephalus. However the presence of intracerebral hemorrhage, multiple aneurysms, vasospasm, and gender did not influence on the development of shunt-dependent chronic hydrocephalus. In addition, the location of the ruptured aneurysms in posterior cerebral circulation did not correlate with the development of shunt-dependent chronic hydrocephalus.

Conclusion

Hydrocephalus after aneurysmal SAH seems to have a multifactorial etiology. Understanding predisposing factors related to the shunt-dependent chronic hydrocephalus may help to guide neurosurgeons for better treatment outcomes.     

创伤性蛛网膜下腔出血后脑积水的发生及危险因素分析

目的探讨创伤性蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)后脑积水的发生率及其发生的临床危险因素。方法回顾性分析301例创伤性SAH病人的临床资料,记录病人GCS评分、年龄、性别、去骨瓣减压术、SAH特征等因素,Logistic回归分析创伤性SAH后发生脑积水的独立危险因素。结果随访2个月,发生脑积水36例(11.96%)。Logistic回归分析表明:年龄、脑室内出血、SAH厚度和SAH分布是创伤性SAH后出现脑积水的独立危险预测因素;而性别、入院GCS评分、SAH部位、去骨瓣减压术与创伤性SAH后并发脑积水无明显关系。结论脑积水是创伤性SAH后的常见并发症,高龄、脑室出血、SAH严重程度是创伤性SAH后发生脑积水的高危因素。     

Risk of Shunt Dependent Hydrocephalus after Treatment of Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms : Surgical Clipping versus Endovascular Coiling According to Fisher Grading System

Objective

The amount of hemorrhage observed on a brain computed tomography scan, or a patient''s Fisher grade (FG), is a powerful risk factor for development of shunt dependent hydrocephlaus (SDHC). However, the influence of treatment modality (clipping versus coiling) on the rate of SDHC development has not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, we compared the risk of SDHC in both treatment groups according to the amount of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 839 patients with aneurysmal SAH for a 5-year-period. Incidence of chronic SDHC was analyzed using each treatment modality according to the FG system. In addition, other well known risk factors for SDHC were also evaluated.

Results

According to our data, Hunt-Hess grade, FG, acute hydrocephalus, and intraventricular hemorrhage were significant risk factors for development of chronic SDHC. Coiling group showed lower incidence of SDHC in FG 2 patients, and clipping groups revealed a significantly lower rate in FG 4 patients.

Conclusion

Based on our data, treatment modality might have an influence on the incidence of SDHC. In FG 4 patients, the clipping group showed lower incidence of SDHC, and the coiling group showed lower incidence in FG 2 patients. We suggest that these findings could be a considerable factor when deciding on a treatment modality for aneurysmal SAH patients, particularly when the ruptured aneurysm can be occluded by either clipping or coiling.     

颅内动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者预后的多因素分析

目的探讨影响颅内动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者预后的相关因素。方法回顾性分析本院2007年1月至12月收治的119例动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者的临床资料,井进行Logistic多元回归分析。结果动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者的年龄、Fisher分级和Hunt—Hess分级与预后具有显著相关性（P〈0．01）,其OR值分别是0．921、0．153和0．228,其95％可信区间分别是（0．864-0．981）、（0．063-0．374）和（0．116-0．449）。结论动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者的年龄、Fisher分级和Hunt—Hess分级是影响患者预后的危险因素,且随着年龄的增长,Fisher分级和Hunt—Hess分级的增加,患者的预后明显愈差。     

动脉瘤性SAH迟发性脑血管痉挛的多元因素分析

目的 探讨动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）继发脑血管痉挛的相关因素。方法 回顾性分析本院收治的54例动脉瘤性SAH病人的临床资料，判定脑血管痉挛程度，统计分析其相关因素。结果Fisher分级Ⅲ-Ⅳ级患者脑血管痉挛发生率（7014％，19／27）明显高于Fisher分级Ⅰ-Ⅱ级者（4414％，12／27）（P〈0．01）；Hunt—Hess分级Ⅲ-Ⅴ级患者脑血管痉挛发生率（75．0％，21／28）明显高于Hunt—Hess分级Ⅰ-Ⅱ级者（38．5％，10／26）（P〈0．05）；3d后手术患者的脑血管痉挛发生率（70．0％，21／30）明显高于3d内手术患者（41．7％，10／24）（P〈0．05）。结论SAH的Fisher分级〉Ⅱ级和Hunt—Hess分级〉Ⅱ级是颅内动脉瘤继发脑血管痉挛的危险因素。早期手术能降低脑血管痉挛的发生率。     

Prognostic factors varying with age in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

With the advent of an aging society, more elderly patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) have been treated. We investigated if prognostic factors differ with age in aSAH patients. In a prospectively maintained aSAH database at multiple institutions from 2013 to 2016, 238 patients who underwent clipping or coiling for a ruptured aneurysm within 48 h of onset were divided into elderly (≥75 years; 57 patients) and non-elderly groups, or categorized into 4-age groups (<54, 55–64, 65–74, and ≥75 years). Prognostic factors and clinical characteristics were retrospectively analyzed. The elderly group had a higher incidence of pre-morbidities, co-morbidities, poor admission World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) grades, modified Fisher grade 4, and resultantly 90-day poor outcomes (modified Rankin scale [mRS] 3–6). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that independent determinants for poor outcomes were hypertension and modified Fisher grade 4 in the elderly group, and admission WFNS grades IV–V, systemic complications, non-procedural cerebral infarction and shunt-dependent chronic hydrocephalus in the non-elderly group. The 4-age group analyses showed that higher age group was more frequently associated with the prognostic factors. As higher age itself causes poor outcomes and more association of prognostic factors, prognostic factors in elderly patients may be rather limited.     

Effect of Cisternal Drainage on the Shunt Dependency Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Objective

Shunt-dependent chronic hydrocephalus (SDCH) is known to be a major complication associated with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Old age is known to be one of numerous factors related to the development of SDCH. This study investigated whether postoperative cisternal drainage affects the incidence of SDCH and clinical outcome in elderly patients with aSAH.

Methods

Fifty-nine patients participated in this study. All patients underwent aneurysmal clipping with cisternal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage. Clinical variables relevant to the study included age, sex, location of ruptured aneurysm, CT finding and clinical state on admission, clinical outcome, and CSF drainage. We first divided patients into two groups according to age (<70 years of age and ≥70 years of age) and compared the two groups. Secondly, we analyzed variables to find factors associated with SDCH in both groups (<70 years of age and ≥70 years of age).

Results

Of 59 patients, SDCH was observed in 20 patients (33.9 %), who underwent shunt placement for treatment of hydrocephalus. Forty seven percent of cases of acute hydrocephalus developed SDCH. In the elderly group (≥70 years of age), the duration and amount of CSF drainage did not affect the development of chronic hydrocephalus.

Conclusion

In elderly patients, although the incidence of SDCH was significantly higher, clinical outcome was acceptable. The duration and the amount of cisternal drainage did not seem to be related to subsequent development of chronic hydrocephalus within elderly patients aged 70 or older.     

血脂水平与动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后迟发性脑缺血的相关性

目的 探讨血脂水平与动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(aSAH)后迟发性脑缺血（DCI）的相关性。方法 回顾性分析2014年1月至2015年12月收治的74例aSAH的临床资料,采用多因素Logistic回归分析检验性别、年龄、动脉瘤位置、动脉瘤大小、世界神经外科医师联盟（WFNS）分级、改良Fisher分级、Hunt-Hess分级、治疗方式、总甘油三脂、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、脂蛋白(a)、载脂蛋白A、载脂蛋白B等因素与DCI的关系。结果 74例中,65例入院后检测血脂,20例出现DCI,45例未出现DCI,aSAH后DCI的发生率为30.8%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示高甘油三酯及改良Fisher分级是aSAH后DCI发生的独立危险因素。结论 及时检测aSAH患者的血脂水平和对患者进行改良Fisher分级对DCI的诊断治疗均有参考价值。