泡沫铝填充薄壁金属管结构冲击吸能特性研究

目的 为了研究静动态加载下泡沫铝填充薄壁金属管结构吸能特性随泡沫铝密度的变化规律。方法利用材料试验机对3种不同密度的泡沫铝填充薄壁金属管结构进行准静态压缩,利用Taylor–Hopkinson实验装置对相同结构进行动态压缩实验,基于电测和光测法获得结构的静动态压缩载荷位移曲线,对载荷位移曲线进行积分得到结构的静动态吸能特性。结果 准静态压缩下,随着泡沫铝密度的增加,泡沫铝填充薄壁管结构能量吸收能力近似成指数增加。动态压缩下,结构能量吸收能力随泡沫铝密度增加先保持不变后增加。结论 准静态压缩下,在薄壁金属管中添加泡沫铝能明显增加泡沫铝填充薄壁金属管结构能量吸收能力,但在动态压缩下,低密度泡沫铝的添加无益于增加结构的能量吸收能力,为增加薄壁金属管的吸能能力需要求泡沫铝的密度超过一定值。     

泡沫铝填充薄壁金属管塑性变形缓冲器吸能特性的试验研究

摘要：通过试验方法研究了泡沫铝填充薄壁金属管塑性变形缓冲器在准静态作用下的吸能特性。首先,进行了泡沫铝,薄壁金属管塑性变形缓冲器及泡沫铝填充薄壁金属管塑性变形缓冲器的轴向压缩试验。然后,根据试验结果,对泡沫铝填充薄壁金属管塑性变形缓冲器的吸能特性进行了分析,并与独立的泡沫铝及薄壁金属管塑性变形缓冲器的吸能特性进行了比较。结果表明,泡沫铝填充薄壁金属管塑性变形缓冲器的吸能特性有了很大的提高。在吸收的能量一定时,泡沫铝填充结构能够减少吸能结构所需要的体积与质量。     

泡沫铝填充碳纤维增强树脂复合材料薄壁管的压缩变形行为与吸能特性

将填加造孔剂法制备的泡沫铝物理嵌入碳纤维增强树脂(Carbon fiber reinforced plastic,CFRP)复合材料薄壁管中,从而获得泡沫铝填充CFRP复合材料薄壁管的复合结构。针对CFRP薄壁管、泡沫铝和泡沫铝填充CFRP复合材料薄壁管分别开展准静态压缩试验测试其压缩和吸能性能,并在压缩过程中采用数字图像相关技术(Digital image correlation,DIC)同步分析其变形模式;进一步研究在不同环境温度下(25~150℃)泡沫铝填充CFRP复合材料薄壁管的压缩与吸能性能及失效模式。结果表明:泡沫铝作为填充芯材改变了CFRP复合材料薄壁管的压缩变形行为,由单一CFRP复合材料薄壁管的散射开花失效转变为泡沫铝填充CFRP复合材料薄壁管的纤维层断裂失效。同CFRP复合材料薄壁管相比,泡沫铝填充CFRP复合材料薄壁管的应力波动显著减小。随环境温度的升高,CFRP复合材料薄壁管、泡沫铝和泡沫铝填充CFRP复合材料薄壁管的压缩与吸能性能均不断降低,但泡沫铝与CFRP复合材料薄壁管之间的交互作用增强,泡沫铝对CFRP复合材料薄壁管的增强作用在高温下表现更为显著。      

泡沫钢填充管的准静态压缩变形模式、力学性能及吸能特性

本工作以430L不锈钢粉为原料,采用粉末冶金法制备泡沫钢,然后通过物理粘结法将泡沫钢芯与薄壁金属管结合,分别对空管和泡沫金属填充管进行准静态轴向压缩实验,并对比分析空管和填充管的压缩变形模式、力学性能和吸能性能.研究表明:在压缩变形过程中,空铝管和泡沫钢填充铝管均呈现轴对称变形模式,而空钢管呈现非轴对称变形模式,泡沫钢填充钢管呈现混合变形模式;泡沫钢填充铝管抗压强度约为56.09 MPa,比泡沫铝填充铝管高1.69倍;泡沫钢填充钢管抗压强度高达116.03 MPa,比泡沫铝填充钢管高1.05倍;当应变量为40％时,泡沫钢填充铝管单位体积能量吸收值为27.93 MJ/m3,是泡沫铝填充铝管吸能值的2.91倍,泡沫钢填充钢管单位体积能量吸收值为35.98 MJ/m3,是泡沫铝填充钢管吸能值的1.15倍;当泡沫钢填充铝管的壁厚由1 mm增大到2 mm时,泡沫钢填充管的平台应力值增大1.36倍;在应变量为40％时,单位体积能量吸收值增大1.26倍,同时泡沫钢填充管在压缩过程中的变形褶皱数随着壁厚的增加而减少.     

闭孔泡沫Al-Cu填充铝合金薄壁管的低速冲击性能

目的 研究闭孔泡沫Al-Cu填充铝合金薄壁管在低速冲击载荷下的力学及吸能性能,探究泡沫Al-Cu与铝合金薄壁管之间的交互作用。方法 采用粉末冶金发泡法制备闭孔泡沫Al-Cu,并将其直接填充到铝合金薄壁管中,获得闭孔泡沫Al-Cu填充薄壁管(简称“填充管”)。采用万能电子试验机和冲击试验机对试样进行力学及吸能性能测试,采用VIC-3D系统和高速摄像机观察试样的宏观变形行为,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析试样的微观断口形貌。结果 在不同冲击能量下,泡沫Al-Cu具有较稳定的吸能特性。在相同位移下,较大冲击能量下的填充管能够吸收更多能量。与薄壁管相比,受冲击后填充管的形变较小且其冲击曲线更加平稳,表明泡沫Al-Cu芯材的填入能够增强变形稳定性及整体吸能能力。与泡沫Al-Cu相比,填充管受应变率影响较小,可在较宽应变率范围内稳定吸能,较高应变率下的冲击会导致泡孔发生脆性断裂。结论 填充泡沫Al-Cu芯材能够提高薄壁管受冲击载荷时的变形稳定性,两者之间的相互作用使填充管结构具有更好的吸能性能。     

石膏型渗流制备泡沫铝填充圆管压缩行为研究

采用石膏型渗流制备开孔泡沫铝并填充到薄壁圆管,制成泡沫铝夹心管.通过准静态压缩试验研究了泡沫铝夹心管的压缩行为.结果表明:采用石膏型渗流法制备的泡沫铝孔隙率在85％左右,其压缩变形阶段可分为弹性段、塑性平台段和致密化段;空心圆管的压缩行为与其本身的结构参数有关;泡沫铝夹心管的力学性能与吸能能力比空心圆管和泡沫铝有了一定...     

高速冲击泡沫铝填充管的瞬态分析

泡沫铝具有减震和吸收冲击能量的良好特性。但由于泡沫铝自身强度较低,单独作为承载和吸能构件实用意义不大。将泡沫铝作为填充材料能充分发挥泡沫铝的优良性能。采用数值模拟方法研究低密度Duocel泡沫铝填充薄壁方钛管和圆钛管在30m/s的匀速冲击载荷作用下的瞬态吸能特性。提出柱壳比(R)作为比较不同截面形状的泡沫铝填充结构的依据。研究发现泡沫铝填充方钛管的比吸能为ES(F+P)A=0.438J;圆钛管的比吸能为EC(F+P)A=0.344J。泡沫铝填充方钛管的吸能效果好于圆钛管,前者是后者的1.273倍。在相互作用和影响下,泡沫铝柱和管的变形模式和力学性能都发生了较大的改变,被泡沫铝填充的方管的屈曲波长变短,圆管则与之相反。粘合后,泡沫铝柱和管具有类似的力—位移曲线和相似的力学性质。     

诱导结构对泡沫铝填充薄壁方管轴向压溃特性影响的研究

建立了泡沫铝填充薄壁方管的有限元模型,利用试验对泡沫铝填充薄壁方管的有限元模型的准确性进行了验证。研究了诱导结构的类型和数量对泡沫铝填充薄壁方管的轴向压溃变形模式、初始峰值力、压溃力效率和能量吸收能力的影响,结果表明:设计诱导结构可以提高能量吸收能力、减小初始峰值力、增加压溃力效率,甚至可以改变压溃变形模式。沿薄壁方管的轴向方向合理地增加诱导结构的数量,可以进一步的减小初始峰值力、增加压溃力效率、提高结构的能量吸收能力。通过等级评价方法,确定沿薄壁方管的轴向方向设计4组诱导四角方孔可以使泡沫铝填充薄壁方管获得最佳的综合吸能特性。     

泡沫铝填充金属薄壁管复合结构的研究进展

泡沫铝由于具有出色的力学、电学、热力学性能而被人们广泛关注和应用。为了拓展泡沫铝的应用领域,研究者在制备高性能的铝基复合泡沫方面付出了大量的努力。研究表明,通过添加不同种类增强体制备复合泡沫的方法虽然可以提高复合泡沫的强度,但是会引起各种不同的问题。例如,硬质陶瓷颗粒(SiC颗粒、Al_2O_3颗粒等)作为增强体可以提高复合泡沫的抗压强度,但是会增强材料的脆性;纤维和晶须这种二维增强相可以在一定程度上降低增强体带来的脆性,但是仍存在增强体难以均匀分布、处理方法繁琐且界面反应控制较难等问题。因此,无论是泡沫铝还是复合泡沫,都鲜有单独使用的情况,多数情况下是与其他强度较高的部件组合成复合构件使用,例如泡沫铝夹芯板、泡沫铝填充金属薄壁管等复合结构。泡沫铝填充金属薄壁管复合结构是将泡沫铝芯材通过多种方式填入薄壁金属管中并实现二者的有效连接而组成的特殊结构。目前实现填充的方法可分为外加填充法与原位制备法。泡沫铝填充金属薄壁管结构不仅具有优异的吸能特性和阻尼性能,还具有一定的韧性和较高的独立承载能力。作为一种新型的复合结构,泡沫铝填充金属薄壁管在减震吸能、吸声降噪等方面的潜在优势极其引人关注。尤其是泡沫铝填充金属薄壁管复合结构在汽车制造业领域具有的巨大应用潜力和广阔应用前景引起了研究者们的重视。相较于传统的减震吸能结构,泡沫铝填充金属薄壁管在汽车制造业领域中的应用具有三大优势:(1)在不削减车身强度的情况下极大减轻车身的质量,减少汽车的油耗及尾气排放;(2)在受到撞击时依靠自身塑性变形吸收绝大部分碰撞能量并及时将冲击分散到车身主体上,避免局部集中变形过大对车内乘客造成伤害,充分保证车内人员的人身安全;(3)回弹变形很小,可以有效避免事故中人体受到二次伤害。目前复合结构最为常见的应用是作为汽车的保险杠、副车架、前纵梁等防撞吸能部件,在降低生产成本的同时也提高了汽车的安全系数。本文介绍了泡沫铝填充金属管复合结构的主要制备方法和性能特点,阐述了国内外对该种复合结构的研究现状,并对其未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

填充泡沫铝的多层铝管动态压溃吸能特性研究

采用数值模拟的方法研究和分析了无填充物的多层铝管结构的吸能特性,结果发现多层铝管相比单层铝管,不但具有较大的吸能量,而且还具有较高的比吸能率;在此基础上,设计了不同层数的多层管泡沫铝填充结构,研究发现泡沫铝不但受轴向压溃变形,同时也受到了铝管层之间的相互作用力使其在径向发生了变形;之后对多层管填充3种不同密度的泡沫铝,采用变参分析的方法研究了多层管层数和泡沫铝密度对整个结构吸能特性的影响;研究结果表明:填充泡沫铝的多层管,随着层数的增加,其比吸能率和吸能量也随之有所增加,随着泡沫铝密度的提高,比吸能率的提高量开始下降,但仍高于填充相同泡沫铝的单层管。     

Bending behavior of aluminum foam-filled double cylindrical tubes

Quasi-static experiments and numerical simulations are carried out to study three-point bending behavior of a new kind of structures, i.e., double cylindrical tubes filled with closed-cell aluminum foam. The deformation and failure mechanism of this new structure were observed and analyzed numerically using the finite element method. It is revealed that the stress distribution and fracture of the foam-filled double-tube structure are different from those of an empty tube and foam-filled single tube. Two cracks were found experimentally, and both experiments and numerical simulation show that cracks initiated in the aluminum foam. In comparison with empty and foam-filled single tubes, the load-carrying capacity of this new structure is much steadier, the bending resistance is enhanced, and the weight efficiency of energy absorption is higher. Parameters affecting the performance of the foam-filled double-tube structures are also studied.     

Experimental investigation of interaction effects in foam-filled thin-walled aluminum tubes

The interaction coefficients of polystyrene foam filling of thin-walled aluminum cylindrical tubes were investigated experimentally through compression testing of partially foam-filled tubes with and without adhesive. The experimental load-displacement curves and observation of the crushed sections of filled tubes have shown that partial foam filling reduced the fold length and hence increased the average crushing loads of tubes, proving the interaction effect between tube wall and filler. The interaction coefficients for the partial foam filling were further calculated to be in the level and/or higher than that of the foam plateau load of transverse direction.     

Experimental studies on the quasi-static bending behavior of double square tubes filled with aluminum foam

Quasi-static experiments were performed on empty tubes and aluminum foam-filled single and double tubes to study the effects of different filler arrangements on their three-point bending behavior. The load-carrying capacity and energy absorption of different structures are compared. The results confirm the advantage of the foam-filled structures. In particular, the double tube structure with aluminum foam filler enhances the load-carrying capacity, crashworthiness, and total and specific energy absorptions of the structure, in comparison with the foam-filled single tube. It was also found that increasing the wall thickness of the inner tube improves the performance of the structure within the experimental range, and adhesion between foam and tube has a negative effect.     

复合泡沫填充管的高g值冲击防护特性

目的 为避免或减小高g值冲击对弹内轻质元器件的破坏,应加强对轻质元器件缓冲防护结构的研究。方法 基于新型复合泡沫和通孔泡沫铝的2种泡沫填充管,通过万能试验机和落锤冲击系统研究了2种泡沫填充管的静动态力学特性,并运用数值模拟方法研究高g值冲击下等质量的泡沫填充管与夹芯管的加速度缓冲效果和吸能机制。结果 数值模拟所得结构变形和落锤加速度与实验结果较为一致,验证了数值模拟方法的可靠性。复合泡沫平台应力具有显著的应变率效应,其填充管压溃载荷平稳且高于泡沫铝填充管,比泡沫铝填充管体现出更优异的高过载防护性能。等质量的泡沫夹芯管的抗冲击性能优于填充管,2种泡沫填充而成的夹芯管具有相似的高过载防护性能,泡沫材料压缩行为对夹芯管压溃载荷特征的影响低于填充管。结论 所得结果对轻质元器件的高g值缓冲防护有较强的指导意义。     

Experimental and numerical analyses of bending of foam-filled sections

Summary Numerical simulations and experiments are conducted to study the bending crush behavior of thin-walled columns filled with closed-cell aluminum foam. A nonlinear dynamic finite element code was used to simulate quasi-static three point bending experiments. The aluminum foam filler provides a higher bending resistance by retarding inward fold formation at the compression flange Moreover, the presence of the foam filler changes the crushing mode from a single stationary fold to a multiple propagating fold. The progressive crush prevents the drop in load carrying capacity due to sectional collapse. Henceforth, the aluminum foam filling is very attractive to avoid global failure for a component which undergoes combined bending and axial crushing. This phenomenon is captured from both experiment and numerical simulation. It was found that partially foam-filled beams also still offer, high bending resistance, and the concept of the effective foam length is developed. Potential applications of foam-filled sections for crashworthy structures are suggested.     

泡沫铝填充薄壁铝合金多胞构件与单胞构件吸能性能研究

为研究泡沫铝填充薄壁铝合金多胞结构与单胞结构的吸能能力,该文基于有限元软件LS-DYNA建立了泡沫铝填充薄壁铝合金多胞结构与单胞结构的数值仿真。对经典薄壁圆管试验及泡沫铝填充薄壁圆管试验进行了数值模拟,分析表明该数值模型能够较好的模拟泡沫铝填充薄壁圆管在轴向冲击过程中的撞击力和变形发展。基于该模型对比研究了不同因素下泡沫铝填充薄壁铝合金多胞结构与单胞结构的轴向吸能特性,分析了其破坏模式、吸能机理和两者吸能效率。结果表明:在轴向冲击荷载作用下,泡沫铝填充薄壁铝合金的破坏模式为轴对称渐进折叠破坏模式,冲击力-位移曲线和变形模态图显示其变形过程分为3个阶段:弹性阶段、平台阶段和强化阶段。当冲击压缩距离为构件高度的80%时,7种不同参数下的泡沫铝填充薄壁铝合金多胞结构的吸能效率明显高于7种单胞结构,吸收的能量E和比吸能SEA都提高了50%以上,是一种优秀的吸能构件,可广泛应用于防护工程中。     

Crushing response of foam-filled conical tubes under quasi-static axial loading

Foam-filled thin-walled tubes are considered to be desirable energy absorbers under axial loading due to their higher energy absorption compared with empty tubes. This paper treats the axial crushing and energy absorption response of foam-filled conical tubes under quasi-static axial loading, using non-linear finite element models. Influence of important parameters such as wall thickness, semi-apical angle and density of foam filler was investigated and the results highlight the advantages of using foam-filled conical tubes as energy absorber. Results also indicate that the crush and energy absorption performances of conical tubes are significantly enhanced by foam filling. The primary outcome of the study is new research information and development of empirical relations which will facilitate the design of foam-filled conical tubes as energy absorbers in impact applications.     

Dynamic bending response of double cylindrical tubes filled with aluminum foam

The dynamic three-point bending behavior of double cylindrical tubes filled with closed-cell aluminum foam core was studied experimentally and numerically. It is found that the deformation mode of this new structure under impact loading is different to that under quasi-static loading. The load carrying capacity of the structure subjected to impact remains at the level of that in the quasi-static situation. Compared with traditional foam-filled single tubes, the specific energy absorption efficiency of this new structure is much higher, and that of both foam-filled structures in the dynamic situation are higher than that in static situation. A preliminary experimental study on the effect of profiles and span of the structure were performed, and the result shows that these parameters affect the structure together. Numerical simulation of the bending behavior was also executed with the explicit finite element method. The mechanism of the dynamic response is revealed by comparison of the maximum strain history in the simulation.