绿色建筑技术在重庆市老旧居民区适老改造中的应用潜力分析

随着老龄化问题的严重,改善老年人人居环境成为亟待解决的问题。对老龄人口居住率较大并且具有大量保有量的老旧居民区的适老改造成为解决这一问题的重要途径。如何在提高老年人生活质量,解决民生问题的同时,与生态问题相平衡,减少改造所需能耗,缓解我国能源供求紧张状况,使设备更具有效率和效益成为被关注的问题。基于对重庆主城区老旧小区60岁以上老年人进行问卷与访谈相结合的调研以及对老旧小区的实地调研,整合老年人需求与老旧建筑现存问题,形成一个整体方案,将绿色建筑技术与适老改造相结合,通过DEST软件对建筑能耗进行模拟,得出改造后建筑最大负荷和全年负荷均有明显下降。并对绿色建筑技术在适老改造中应用潜力进行探讨。     

基于ANP 和FCE 的老旧小区改造综合效益评价

我国城镇建筑已进入以存量为主,高质量发展的新阶段。老旧小区改造作为我国近年来推行的政策,因其保民生、稳投资、拉内需的特点受到广泛关注。针对老旧小区改造综合效益评价体系中各因素的影响关系复杂,以及评价对象难以精准界定的问题,综合考虑经济、环境、社会三方面效益,基于网络分析（ANP）和模糊综合评价（FCE）建立老旧小区改造效果综合效益评价模型,实现评价指标的量化分析。以兰州市某老旧小区改造为例,使用Super Decisions 软件进行分析,结果表明该小区改造综合效益较好,论证了该模型可以对老旧小区改造的综合效益进行科学、全面的分析,可为老旧小区改造项目的综合效益分析工作提供借鉴和参考。     

盐城市城镇多层居住建筑节能改造方法

为降低盐城市快速增长的采暖及制冷能耗,以盐城市城镇分布最广的6层单元式住宅建立基本模型,通过模拟得出:盐城市居住建筑采暖需求远大于制冷需求,以此确定影响采暖和制冷能耗的空间设计改造方案和围护结构热工设计改造方案。首先讨论这些改造措施对采暖能耗的影响,然后优选出采暖节能效果较好的措施,讨论其对制冷能耗及总能耗的影响。EnergyPlus87软件模拟结果表明:南向阳光间的节能效果随阳光间进深的增大而下降,最多可节能662%。北向缓冲空间的节能效果随进深的增加而升高,可节能1344%。在北墙,屋顶增加聚苯乙烯泡沫保温层的节能效果最佳,南墙次之,东、西向则收效甚微。在北墙、屋顶、南墙增加40 mm厚聚苯乙烯泡沫保温板,分别可节能939%、1033%、424%。空间组织和围护结构改造后的节能模型较基础模型节能4407%。     

老旧小区住宅外墙低能耗改造策略及模拟分析

以南通某老旧小区为研究对象,通过前期走访和专题调研,了解小区现状和居民对住宅改造的诉求,提出外墙外保温和外遮阳一体化改造策略.进行外保温芯材选择和遮阳构件尺度计算,应用Ecotect软件进行模拟分析,量化改造前后的采光及能耗对比,为老旧小区改造的全面推进提供策略支持和模拟论证.     

窗的传热系数对浙南住宅采暖空调能耗的影响

在三种不同空调运行模式下,利用建筑能耗模拟软件IES-VE对温州地区某住宅建筑能耗进行动态模拟,分析不同空调运行模式下,窗的传热系数对温州地区住宅建筑采暖空调能耗的影响规律。结果表明,窗的传热系数每减小20%,采暖能耗降低6%,且与空调模式相关性不大,但窗的传热系数对夏季空调能耗的影响与空调运行模式密切相关。连续空调模式下,窗的传热系数每降低20%,制冷能耗增加0.4%;间歇式空调模式下,制冷能耗随窗传热系数的增大而减小,窗的传热系数每降低20%,制冷能耗增加1.0%;间歇式空调＋自然通风模式下,窗的传热系数的每降低20%,制冷能耗减小0.5%。     

四川:规范城镇老旧小区改造消防设计审查验收工作

四川省住房和城乡建设厅近日印发《关于规范城镇老旧小区改造消防设计审查验收管理工作的通知》(以下简称《通知》)和《四川省城镇老旧小区改造消防设计指南(试行)》,《通知》紧扣当前老旧小区消防改造"老建筑难以满足新标准"的疑难问题,从适用对象、底线原则、审批要件、技术标准、审验要求等方面,就改进全省城镇老旧小区改造消防设计审...     

国内大循环经济视角下建筑产业转型发展探索思考——以山东省城镇老旧小区改造为例

本文结合近代科技革命对社会经济发展的影响背景,分析思考现阶段国内经济转型发展趋势与方向,从国民经济支柱产业入手,探讨研究国内建筑产业转型发展必由之路。通过山东省城镇老旧小区改造成效与基本情况、存在问题与困难,对老城镇旧小区改造与国内建筑产业转型发展之间的关系进行深入探索思考。最后给出国内大循环视角下,城镇老旧小区改造对建筑产业转型发展的思考与建议。     

试论老旧小区绿化改造的问题及建议

老旧小区的绿化改造问题是老旧小区居民所关心的民生问题,加强绿化改造能够有效改善小区的绿化、提高小区居民的生活质量。本文先简要介绍了老旧小区绿化改造的必要性,然后分析了当前老旧小区绿化改造中的问题,最后就问题提出了相关对策。     

老旧小区改造中建筑文化风貌特色营造路径及经验浅析

城镇老旧小区改造是党中央、国务院高度重视的重大民生工程和发展工程。文章梳理了我国部分地市老旧小区改造制度建设,规划引领,项目建筑、景观、环境设计等工作中注重营造建筑风貌特色、延续城市文脉、体现时代精神的经验和做法,为老旧小区改造中建筑文化风貌特色营造总结了路径和方法。     

基于软件模拟的校园建筑被动式节能改造方式探究

随着能源危机的加剧,低碳环保和可持续发展理念深入人心,越来越多的建筑师开始关注老旧建筑的节能改造问题。文章探讨基于软件模拟的校园建筑改造方式,通过Climate Consultant、Ecotect Analysis和绿建斯维尔三种软件对现存校园建筑的热环境、风环境、光环境、建筑能耗等进行模拟和分析,同时对建筑特定空间需求进行分析,将建筑节能改造与建筑空间改造融合考虑,提出基于软件模拟的校园建筑被动式节能改造方式。最后,以郑州大学新校区美术学院为例,对提出的改造方式进行应用。     

低辐射玻璃窗高层住宅建筑能耗计算

在分析住宅建筑热环境模拟计算软件的基础上,以广州穗园小区高层居住建筑单元为例,用住宅建筑热环境模拟计算软件对居住建筑高层的节能情况进行全年能耗模拟计算,结果表明:夏热冬暖地区高层居住建筑中,Low-E玻璃铝合金窗的使用能大幅度降低建筑能耗,达到建筑设计节能效果。     

夏热冬冷地区住宅节能改造能耗模拟分析

清华大学开发的利用建筑能耗模拟分析软件DeST-h,以某住宅建筑为模型,对夏热冬冷地区三个典型城市的建筑能耗进行模拟分析。从外墙保温砂浆厚度和窗户类型两方面对住宅建筑进行节能改造,模拟分析其对住宅建筑全年能耗的影响情况,为夏热冬冷地区住宅建筑的节能改造提供一些参考。     

The effect of urban evaporation on building energy demand in an arid environment

An open-air scaled urban surface (OASUS) was used to physically model the influence of urban structure on microclimatic conditions that affect the cooling requirements of buildings. The OASUS scale-model consists of an extensive urban-like building/street array constructed at an open site in the arid Negev region of southern Israel. Building rows are comprised of hollow concrete masonry blocks and have thermal and optical properties analogous to common local construction materials. Previous experiments with the scale-model were limited to “dry” conditions, with only negligible exchanges of latent heat. Considering that one of the main advantages of using the scale-model facility is to be able to control factors affecting microclimate, this study analyses the impact of adding moisture to the scaled “streets” between “building” rows, and gauges the impact of outdoor evaporative cooling on the energy demand of adjacent buildings. Measurements carried out during the summer month of August 2006 at the scale-model facility were used to obtain street canyon air temperatures, which in turn provided input for a dynamic energy simulation of indoor cooling loads in an actual building. The simulation model was calibrated with simultaneously measured data from a nearby residential building. Results suggest that the cooling factor in a street canyon is a direct function of the relative availability of moisture, with respect not only to horizontal area but also to the “complete” three-dimensional urban surface. In addition, simulation results of building energy demand show the importance of accounting for urban density when planning the disposition of vegetated surfaces for cooling purposes.     

我国城镇住宅夏季空调能耗状况分析

根据调查和计算,利用模拟归纳法对我国城镇住宅夏季空调能耗状况进行了定量分析.结果表明,目前我国城镇住宅夏季空调的总体能耗水平较低,但增速较快,且不同气候区之间差异较大.2005年全国城镇住宅夏季空调总耗电量约为285亿kwh,平均耗电指标约为2.65 kWh/m2.我国城镇住宅空调能耗前4位的地区是:广东、浙江、江苏和湖北,它们的空调总能耗约占全国城镇住宅空调总能耗的51.8%,广东、福建、重庆、浙江、上海、湖北、江苏和广西的空调能耗指标较高,它们是我国城镇住宅空调节能的重点地区.     

高层建筑节能改造技术研究

针对冬冷夏热地区高层建筑节能改造现状的研究,提出了高层建筑节能改造的关键技术方案和具体措施,从高层建筑物的墙体、地面、屋面、门窗等方面提出了有效的节能改造技术,推进了冬冷夏热地区既有建筑节能改造的进程,提高了已有建筑的节能效率,降低了建筑能耗,增强了建筑物舒适性,保证了城市环境的可持续发展。     

夏热冬冷地区既有居住建筑节能改造的研究

基于既有居住建筑节能改造研究的成果,归纳出夏热冬冷地区居住建筑节能改造的优选技术方案和改造原则.重点以合肥市的6层住宅建筑为实例进行节能改造研究,通过DeST-h能耗模拟软件分析该建筑的不同外墙和窗户的改造方案对建筑全年能耗的影响.最后对改造后的建筑节能情况进行评估和经济性分析,得出该建筑通过外墙和窗户的节能改造后达到...     

Developing a modified typical meteorological year weather file for Hong Kong taking into account the urban heat island effect

Building energy computer simulation software is a useful tool for achieving sophisticated design and evaluation of the thermal performance of buildings. For successful thermal and energy simulation of buildings, it requires hourly weather data such as dry bulb air temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, wind speed, etc. Nowadays, an urban city faces a problem of an urban heat island which causes the urban area to have a higher air temperature than the rural region. Since the currently available weather dataset used in building simulation software mainly comes from weather stations located in remote and rural areas, the impact of the urban heat island on thermal and energy performance of buildings may not be effectively reflected. This paper reports an approach to construct a modified typical meteorological weather file, taking into account the urban heat island effect in the summer season. Field measurements have been carried out in the summer months and the corresponding urban heat island intensities were then determined. With a morphing algorithm, an existing typical meteorological year weather file was modified. An office building and a typical residential flat were modeled with a renowned building energy simulation program EnergyPlus. Computer simulations were conducted using the existing and modified typical meteorological year weather files. It was found that there was around a 10% increase in air-conditioning demand caused by the urban heat island effect in both cases. The implications of this and further work will also be discussed in this paper.     

夏热冬冷地区居住建筑内外组合保温节能效果分析

本文采用建筑能耗模拟软件IES-VE,对夏热冬冷地区居住建筑外墙内外组合保温、外保温和内保温进行了建筑全年能耗模拟,结果表明外墙内外组合保温能耗值最低。通过分析夏季和冬季典型日逐时能耗值与室内空气温度,得出内外组合保温节能效果较好主要由于其更适应于夏热冬冷地区居住建筑间歇式、分室用能模式。     

上海地区住宅围护结构性能对全年空调采暖能耗的分析

将根据《夏热冬冷地区居住建筑节能设计标准》,采用逐时能耗分析软件Equest-3.6(DOE-2.2)建立基本模型,采用上海典型气象年8760h气象参数进行能耗模拟,在能耗模拟的基础上对建筑的全年能耗进行分析。据此提出各项围护结构优化设计方案,并对各方案的经济性和可行性进行分析。最后对各优化方案进行合理的组合,建立一个综合优化模型。结果表明在住宅建筑中,用于制冷和供热的能耗占住宅总能耗的60%～70%;围护结构的性能对住宅的室内热环境和能耗有较大的影响,围护结构的优化可大幅降低建筑的空调和制冷能耗。     

The feedback of heat rejection to air conditioning load during the nighttime in subtropical climate

Taipei City, located in the subtropical zone, has a basin landform. The summer is always hot and humid and the air temperature right after sunset is typically higher than 30 °C. Heat rejection from residential buildings in urban area, equipped with lots of the window type air conditioners, not only increases the air temperature outside, but also burdens the cooling load. Based on the time schedule of air conditioner use of Taipei citizens, the heat rejection/building energy use and the air temperature distribution were evaluated, and finally the additional electric consumption of air conditioners was predicted. Two software, EnergyPlus (building energy program) and Windperfect (CFD, computational fluid dynamics software) were employed in this study. In the CFD simulation, the geometry of buildings that covers 700 m in diameter was created with GIS (geographical information system) and the total mesh number was more than 3 millions. Three specified temperatures (T_am, T_bu and T_ac) were used to describe the temperature distribution within the urban canopy by hourly time variation and spatial distribution with height and horizontal profile. The results revealed that the temperature gradually increased with height and the temperature next to the buildings was always higher than the ambient air. The feedback (penalty) of heat rejection to cooling load was found 10.7% during 19:01 to 02:00 h on the following day.