红芪活性成分免疫调节作用及机制研究进展

免疫功能受损或免疫系统紊乱会导致机体疾病发生,影响人身体健康,基于调节机体免疫治疗疾病已成为临床应用热点。红芪作为甘肃大宗药材,临床应用广泛,具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、免疫调节等多种药理作用。红芪活性成分主要有红芪多糖、黄酮类、萜类、皂苷类等,其中红芪多糖为红芪发挥免疫调节作用主要的物质基础。红芪增强机体免疫力主要体现在增强免疫器官功能,诱导免疫细胞分化、促进免疫因子分泌,提高单核巨噬细胞吞噬功能、调节炎性因子水平以及激活相关通路等方面来达到其抗肿瘤、抗炎作用。本文主要对红芪活性物质免疫调节作用进行阐述,为红芪的进一步临床开发应用提供思路。     

不同提取方法对红芪多糖体外抗氧化活性的影响研究

红芪多糖(HPS)是中药红芪中的主要成分。本文分别采用微波辅助、超声辅助及常规热水浸提从红芪中提取HPS,经脱蛋白、冷冻干燥后得到三种方法提取的红芪多糖HPS-M、HPS-C和HPS-H。红外光谱分析表明,HPS-M、HPS-C、HPS-H具有多糖的特征吸收峰;GPC测定结果显示,HPS-M、HPS-C、HPS-H的重均分子量分别为6.29×105、4.56×105、5.13×105,多分散性分别为3.42、3.22、2.31。HPS-H、HPS-M、HPS-C清除羟自由基、超氧自由基、DPPH自由基及还原力测定的体外抗氧化活性实验表明,HPS-M的体外抗氧化活性要显著高于HPS-C、HPS-H,因此,未来可考虑微波辅助法作为红芪多糖提取的首选方法。     

响应面法优选新疆红芪多糖提取工艺

响应面法优选新疆红芪多糖提取工艺。以新疆红芪多糖提取率为参考指标,在提取温度、时间、料液比进行单因素实验的基础上,利用响应面法优选提取条件。最佳优化提取工艺为提取温度88.77℃,提取时间2.83 h,料液比1∶30.24(g/mL),在该优化条件下,新疆红芪精制多糖的实际提取率为3.56%。利用响应面法优化新疆红芪多糖提取工艺是合理可行的。     

微波辅助提取红芪多糖

为了获得一种高效的红芪多糖的提取方法,以中药红芪(Hedysarum polybotrys Hand.-Mazz)为原料,采用微波辅助法提取红芪多糖(HPS),并利用响应面法,优化提取工艺,其最佳提取参数:提取时间45 min,微波作用功率213 W,温度80℃,液料比26∶1,提取次数为1次,在此条件下,HPS的含量可达(10.11±0.52)%;红外光谱分析表明,微波辅助提取的HPS在3 418、2 935、1 618、1 083 cm-1都有吸收峰,此为多糖特征吸收峰,表明HPS为多糖;GPC测定结果显示,HPS重均分子质量为6.29×105;体外抗氧化活性测定实验表明,HPS能够清除羟自由基、超氧自由基、DPPH自由基,具有很好的抗氧化活性。     

三种中药材多糖抗氧化性研究

用超声波法提取红芪、黄芪、板蓝根中多糖,从还原能力、抗脂质体氧化和对羟基自由基的清除效果对提取物的抗氧化能力进行了研究。结果表明:红芪、黄芪、板蓝根中多糖得率为:93.402%、84.053%、58.664%;其多糖具有较强的还原能力,对脂质体氧化、羟基自由基均有抑制作用或清除作用。还原能力,抗脂质体氧化能力,羟基自由基的清除能力与提取物中有效成分有关。3种药材提取物均是优良的天然抗氧化剂和自由基清除剂。     

羊栖菜多糖的提取纯化及功能活性研究进展

羊栖菜是一种重要的经济藻类, 主要分布在我国浙江、福建等地。羊栖菜含有丰富的多糖, 主要包括褐藻胶、褐藻多糖硫酸脂以及褐藻淀粉等, 是一种可溶于水的酸性多糖, 具有良好生物活性。羊栖菜多糖的制备可以通过水提醇沉、酸提、酶提及超声波辅助等提取方法获得, 然而不同提取方法制备的多糖得率、结构及功能活性不尽相同。目前对羊栖菜多糖的药理活性研究主要集中在抗肿瘤、抗氧化、降血糖、抗衰老、调节肠道菌群、抗病毒等方面, 提示羊栖菜多糖在医药领域有着良好的前景。本文就国内外羊栖菜多糖的提取纯化及功能活性研究进行了系统的归纳和总结, 旨在为羊栖菜多糖的靶向功能提取纯化研究提供参考。     

红托竹荪不同部位多糖提取及体外抗氧化活性研究

目的:研究红托竹荪多糖提取工艺和红托竹荪三个部位多糖含量及其体外抗氧化活性。方法:通过单因素和正交实验优化红托竹荪多糖提取工艺,并在此条件下测定红托竹荪三个部位多糖含量;采用铁氰化钾还原法、邻苯三酚自氧化和邻二氮菲-Fe2+氧化法研究三个部位多糖的抗氧化活性。结果:红托竹荪多糖最佳提取条件为水提温度90℃,料液比1∶20(g/mL),水提时间2h,酒精浓度为70%;在此条件下,红托竹荪菌盖、菌柄、箘托中多糖含量分别为8.25%、8.97%、10.89%;抗氧化实验结果表明,从红托竹荪三个部位中提取多糖均有抗氧化活性,其抗氧化能力与其质量浓度有量效关系。结论:红托竹荪多糖的提取工艺稳定可行,菌托中多糖含量最高、体外抗氧化活性最强。     

枸杞多糖的提取方式、结构及生物活性研究进展

枸杞(Lycium barbarum)果实为传统的名贵滋补药材,在我国有2000多年的历史。枸杞多糖(Lycium barbarum polysacchavides,LBP)是枸杞中最重要的活性成分之一。在过去的几年中,LBP由于具有良好的生物活性而备受关注。然而,多糖的生物活性与其化学结构密切相关,而化学结构又被提取方式所影响。该文对LBP的提取方法、化学结构和主要生物活性的对应关系进行总结,比较通过不同提取方式制备得到的枸杞多糖的不同之处,旨在提出枸杞多糖的构效关系,关注特定结构和活性的枸杞多糖的定向提取。大部分研究表明,采用热水提取法制备的枸杞多糖多为含有酸性糖组分的杂多糖,其中的中性糖组分多以阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖及半乳糖为主。此外,枸杞多糖通过不同的机制显示出良好的抗氧化、免疫调节、抗肿瘤及神经保护活性。     

不同提取方法对禹州漏芦多糖含量及抗菌抗氧化活性的影响

禹州漏芦是一种传统中药,目前国内外主要是对禹州漏芦中噻吩类、挥发油类、三萜类及甾体类等成分进行研究,而对其中主要活性物质多糖类化合物的提取工艺及抗菌抗氧化活性研究相对较少。为了探讨不同提取方法对多糖含量及活性的影响,为禹州漏芦多糖的研究提供参考;通过水提醇沉法、超声波和微波辅助3种提取方法来探讨不同提取方法对多糖类物质提取率和抗菌、抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明:超声波辅助提取法提取多糖提取率最高(1.8%)以及对绿脓杆菌的效果最强;抗氧化活性研究表明:在一定的浓度下,具有一定的还原力以及对·OH和ABTS~+自由基的清除能力。     

三七活性成分提取工艺研究进展

对三七主要活性成分皂苷和多糖的提取工艺进行综述,通过总结分析近年来对三七皂苷和三七多糖的提取工艺的研究成果,初步了解对三七活性成分提取的研究概况。从而了解三七的研究方向,为三七的推广应用和深入研究提供理论依据。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press     

INFOPRINT 2014 was Successfully Held in Dongguan

Sponsored by Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China （PEIAC） and organized by Print China magazine, the Seventeenth Beijing International Printing Information Conference （INFOPRINT 2014） was successfully held on 11th Dec. 2014 at Dongguan Exhibition International Hotel.