生态系统营养离子循环及水化学演化的锶同位素示踪

综述了Ｓｒ同位素示踪生态系统离子循环和水化学演化的基本原理、主要内容和最新进展。着重介绍了Ｓｒ同位素在矿物风化速率研究、流域营养离子来源识别及其循环通量计算、地下水体化学成分演化机制的研究中的示踪应用;最后展望了Ｓｒ同位素在生物地球化学过程示踪上的潜在价值。     

华南火山岩及铀成矿相关的Sr,Nd,Pb同位素演化规律研究

本文应用Ｓｒ,Ｎｄ,Ｐｂ同位素演化示踪获得：华南各地区中生代火山岩的同位素演化受区域古陆（基底）变质岩、早期改造衍生体和再循环陆壳制约;铀成矿同位素组成具有地壳来源性。燕山期大陆边缘增生作用,导致陆内下地壳岩浆活动及拉张裂陷等地壳运动,促成铀的迁移富集成矿。     

成矿流体活动的地球化学示踪研究综述

成矿流体活动的地球化学示踪是近年来流体地球化学研究的一个新趋势。通过流体来源示踪、运移示踪和定位示踪可以追溯流体活动的全过程,对恢复流体活动历史、演化历程具有积极意义。对成矿流体活动的地球化学示踪方法进行了一定的总结,对人们常用的地球化学示踪方法－－同位素地球化学示踪、无素地球化学示踪、包裹体地球化学示踪及气体地球化学示踪的研究现状进行了综述。     

地幔地球化学研究进展:微量元素和同位素特征

系统介绍了近年来地幔同位素地球化学的研究进展,概述了Ｓｒ－Ｎｄ－Ｈｆ－Ｐｂ、Ｏｓ、Ｈｅ－Ａｒ和Ｎｅ同位素在的岩石示踪和成因鉴别上所取得的成果,指出同位素在地幔岩石研究的重要作用,简要总结了全球及区域地幔成分的主要研究手段和某些全球均一化比值的意义;并提出了分析技术的落后和基础理论的停滞是影响同位素和微量元素在地幔研究中应用和发展的主要因素。     

西南极长城湾NG93-1沉积柱样碳、氧、锶、铅同位素地球化学研究及其古环境意义

对西南极西北海域乔治王岛和纳尔逊岛之间长城湾浅水海区柱长８３ｃｍ的沉积柱样ＮＧ９３－１进行了矿物学、Ｓｒ、Ｐｂ、Ｏ、Ｃ等同位素地球化学研究。揭示了沉积物以陆源碎屑物为主，证实南设德兰群岛火山岩是该海区沉积物的重要控制源。Ｏ、Ｃ同位素记录了早全新世以来两次冰期，一次高温的气候变动信息，并指出Ｓｒ、Ｐｂ同位素组成的剖面变化具有气候演变的示踪意义。     

江苏盘石山二辉橄榄岩包体的Nd、Sr、Pb同位素特征

对盘石一带的６个二辉橄榄岩包体，３个单斜辉石的Ｎｄ、Ｓｒ同位素，４个全岩、７个单斜辉石和１个斜方辉石的铅同位素进行了测定。结果表明，它们在亏损的岩石圈中经历了长时间的演化，其Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ、Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ、Ｐｂ－Ｐｂ同位素体系的相关性可能反映了不同时期的地幔过程。位于陆下岩石圈地幔中上部位的包体比下部岩石圈地幔具有相对亏损和不均一的同位素特征。     

西南极长城湾NG93—1沉积柱样碳,氧,锶,铅同位素地球化学研究及其古环…

对西南极西北海域乔治王岛和纳尔逊岛之间长城湾浅水海区柱长８３ｃｍ的沉积柱样ＮＧ９３－１进行了矿物学，Ｓｒ，Ｐｂ、Ｏ，Ｃ等同位素地球化学研究，揭示了沉积物以陆源碎屑物为主，证实南设德兰群岛火山岩是该海区沉积物的重要控制源。Ｏ、Ｃ同位素记录了早全新世以来两次冰期，一次高温的气候变动信息，并指出Ｓｒ、Ｐｂ同位素组成的剖面变化具有气候演变的示踪意义。     

第三届全国同位素地球化学学术讨论会在宜昌举行

1986年10月20日至25日在湖北宜昌召开第三届全国同位素地球化学学术讨论会。会议分矿床同位素地球化学、岩石同位素地质年代学、同位素地质年表、K-Ar年代学、壳幔演化同位素示踪、稳定同位素地球化学、有机稳定同位素地球化学和铀系年代学等七个专题组宣读了170篇论文。中国矿物岩石地球化学学会理事长涂光炽教授致了开幕词,在闭幕式上还颁发了第一届侯德封奖,获奖人刘嘉     

山东蓬莱,临朐新生代碱性玄武岩的钕,锶同位素组成

本文报道了鲁东和鲁西新生代碱性玄武岩１３个样品的Ｎｄ，Ｓｒ同位素组成，１４３Ｎｄ／１４４Ｎｄ＝０．５１２９６７－０．５１２７４４，８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ＝０．７０３４９－０．７０４５０。它们在地质剖面上呈现规律性变化，可能与其地幔源区同位素组成的层状分带有关。鲁西地幔源区具有较鲁东更加亏损的组份。两地地幔源区在演化中都曾发生过地幔交代（或富集）作用，根据玄武岩Ｎｄ同位素模式年龄估计地幔交代作用发生的时     

六合—仪征第三纪碱性玄武岩的钕—锶同位素组成

本文报道了六合－仪征碱性玄武岩分布区１１个样品的同位素组成，１４３Ｎｄ／１４４Ｎｄ为０．５１２８４９～０．５１２９９３，８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ为０．７０３３６～０．７０４０４，类似于大洋玄武岩同位素体系中的ＰＲＥＭＡ地幔端元．玄武岩源区同位素和微量元素的解耦特征表明地幔源区演化的多阶段性。     

地壳风化系统中的Sr同位素地球化学

近20年来,人们利用Rb－Sr同位素体系对地表－近地表地球化学过程、尤其是水圈－岩石圈之间化学物质的循环进行了广泛而深入的研究。大陆地壳风化物质以及地表径流的Sr同位素组成变化揭示了不同流域盆地的地质背景和风化作用的特征。古海洋的Sr同位素组成变化则是地壳和地幔演化以及不同地质历史时期壳－幔相互作用的共同结果。本文对地壳风化系统Sr同位素地球化学研究的全面而详细的综述表明,Rb－Sr同位素体系仍将是研究地壳风化、水圈－岩石圈之间化学物质循环的重要手段,根据古海水及其化学沉积物的Sr同位素记录研究壳－幔演化和地球圈层演化过程中的物质循环特征以及地表古环境变化将是本研究领域的重点。     

Application of the trace element and isotope geochemistry of strontium to studies of carbonate diagenesis

Carbonate rocks and natural waters exhibit a wide range in the concentration and isotopic composition of strontium. This wide range and the quantifiable covariation of these parameters can provide diagnostic tools for understanding processes of fluid-rock interaction. Careful consideration of the uncertainties associated with trace element partitioning, sample heterogeneity and fluid-rock interaction mechanisms is required to advance the application of the trace element and isotope geochemistry of strontium to studies of diagenesis, goundwater evolution, ancient seawater chemistry and isotope stratigraphy. A principal uncertainty involved in the application of Sr concentration variations to carbonate systems is the large range of experimental and empirical results for trace element partitioning of Sr between mineral and solution. This variation may be a function of precipitation rate, mineral stoichiometry, crystal growth mechanism, fluid composition and temperature. Calcite and dolomite in ancient limestones commonly have significantly lower Sr concentrations (20–70 p.p.m.) than would be expected from published trace element distribution coefficient values and Sr/Ca ratios of most modern sedimentary pore waters. This discrepancy probably reflects the uncertainties associated with determining distribution coefficient values. As techniques improve for the analytical measurement and theoretical modelling of Sr concentration and isotopic variations, the petrological analysis of carbonate samples becomes increasingly important. The presence of even small percentages of non-carbonate phases with high Rb concentrations and high ⁸⁷ Sr⁸⁶ Sr values, such as clay minerals, can have significant effects on the measured ⁸⁷ Sr/⁸⁶ Sr values of carbonate rocks, due to the decay of ⁸⁷Rb to ⁸⁷ Sr. For example, a Permian marine limestone with 50 p.p.m. Sr and 1 p.p.m. Rb will have a present-day ⁸⁷ Sr/⁸⁶ Sr value that is >2 × 10^?4 higher than its original value. This difference is an order of magnitude greater than the analytical uncertainty, and illustrates the importance of assessing the need for and accuracy of such corrections. A quantitative evaluation of the effects of water-rock interaction on Sr concentrations and isotope compositions in carbonates strengthens the application of these geochemical tracers. Geochemical modelling that combines the use of trace elements and isotopes can be used to distinguish between different mechanisms of water-rock interaction, including diffusive and advective transport of diagenetic constituents in meteoric pore fluids during the recrystallization of carbonate minerals. Quantitative modelling may also be used to construct diagnostic fluid-rock interaction trends that are independent of distribution coefficient values, and to distinguish between mixing of mineral end-members and fluid-rock interaction.     

GEOTRACES - An international study of the global marine biogeochemical cycles of trace elements and their isotopes

Trace elements serve important roles as regulators of ocean processes including marine ecosystem dynamics and carbon cycling. The role of iron, for instance, is well known as a limiting micronutrient in the surface ocean. Several other trace elements also play crucial roles in ecosystem function and their supply therefore controls the structure, and possibly the productivity, of marine ecosystems. Understanding the biogeochemical cycling of these micronutrients requires knowledge of their diverse sources and sinks, as well as their transport and chemical form in the ocean.Much of what is known about past ocean conditions, and therefore about the processes driving global climate change, is derived from trace-element and isotope patterns recorded in marine deposits. Reading the geochemical information archived in marine sediments informs us about past changes in fundamental ocean conditions such as temperature, salinity, pH, carbon chemistry, ocean circulation and biological productivity. These records provide our principal source of information about the ocean's role in past climate change. Understanding this role offers unique insights into the future consequences of global change.The cycle of many trace elements and isotopes has been significantly impacted by human activity. Some of these are harmful to the natural and human environment due to their toxicity and/or radioactivity. Understanding the processes that control the transport and fate of these contaminants is an important aspect of protecting the ocean environment. Such understanding requires accurate knowledge of the natural biogeochemical cycling of these elements so that changes due to human activity can be put in context.Despite the recognised importance of understanding the geochemical cycles of trace elements and isotopes, limited knowledge of their sources and sinks in the ocean and the rates and mechanisms governing their internal cycling, constrains their application to illuminating the problems outlined above. Marine geochemists are poised to make significant progress in trace-element biogeochemistry. Advances in clean sampling protocols and analytical techniques provide unprecedented capability for high-density sampling and measurement of a wide range of trace elements and isotopes which can be combined with new modelling strategies that have evolved from the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) and Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) programmes. A major new international research programme, GEOTRACES, has now been developed as a result of community input to study the global marine biogeochemical cycles of trace elements and their isotopes. Here, we describe this programme and its rationale.     

商丹地区产铀伟晶岩成因讨论

本文阐述了商丹地区产铀伟晶岩、片麻状花岗闪长岩、秦岭群变质岩的岩石化学成分、铷锶等微量元素含量和锶同位素初始比、副矿物组合类型等方面的特点，通过岩体内不产铀伟晶岩、岩体外产铀伟晶岩的对比和钐钕同位素示踪方法研究，提出产铀伟晶岩脉群不是片麻状花岗闪长岩体（Ｔ（Ｄｍ）为１０Ｍａ）晚期分异的残浆结晶产物，而是秦岭群变质岩选择性熔融产生的花岗质熔浆在相对封闭条件下缓慢结晶而成。     

Sr isotopes in natural waters: Applications to source characterisation and water–rock interaction in contrasting landscapes

Strontium isotopes (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) are routinely measured in hydrochemical studies to determine sources and mixing relationships. They have proved particularly useful in determining weathering processes and quantifying end-member mixing processes. A number of routine case studies are presented which highlight that Sr isotopes represent a powerful tool in the geochemists toolbox helping to constrain weathering reactions, weathering rates, flow pathways and mixing scenarios. Differences in methodologies for determining the weathering component in natural environments, inherent differences in weathering rates of different minerals, and mineral heterogeneity often cause difficulties in defining the weathering component of different catchments or aquifer systems. Nevertheless, Sr isotopes are useful when combined with other hydrochemical data, to constrain models of water–rock interaction and mixing as well as geochemical processes such as ion-exchange. This paper presents a summary of recent work by the authors in constraining the sources of waters and weathering processes in surface catchments and aquifers, and indicates cases where Sr isotopes alone are insufficient to solve hydrological problems.     

广西钦州石炭-二叠纪深海硅质岩的锶同位素组成及其地质意义

报道了广西钦州海槽早石炭世-早二叠世深水硅质岩的锶同位素测定结果和经年代校正后的87Sr/86Sr初始值,建立了锶同位素演化曲线;通过与同时代上扬子地区台地相碳酸盐岩87Sr/86Sr比值和演化曲线的对比,研究了二者的异同和造成差异的原因。深水硅质岩和同期台地相碳酸盐岩的锶同位素演化曲线在总体特征上具有一定的相似性,反映海平面变化对其影响的一致性。玄武岩喷发等局部事件和硅质岩中无法回避的陆源碎屑的影响是造成87Sr/86Sr比值和演化曲线差异的主要原因。硅质岩锶同位素演化曲线显示,海平面上升发生于早石炭世,在晚石炭世早期达到最大值,晚石炭世晚期,海平面有所下降,在其后的早二叠世,海平面再次上升。     

Recent trends in strontium isotope stratigraphy

An introduction to Sr-isotope stratigraphy can be obtained from several recent reviews (Elderfield, 1986; Veizer, 1989; McArthur, 1991, 1992a). The purpose of this article is not to repeat these reviews but to give to those not expert in the field, but who may be prospective users, a summary of aspects of the method not covered elsewhere, and some examples of recent applications of the technique and the problems that affect it. Highlighting problems inevitably means highlighting the publications in which they occur; I hope the authors will forgive me for spotlighting their work. Neither is this article intended to be a review of all that has been written on the use of Sr isotopes in low-temperature geochemistry; it concentrates on their use in stratigraphy and dating, rather than how they may be used to elucidate geochemical processes. Many excellent papers are thereby excluded from consideration. Implicit in this article is the view that the successful application of strontium isotope stratigraphy requires an application of good methodology in both geochemistry and stratigraphy.     

Strontium Isotope Composition and Characteristic Analysis of Cambrian-Ordovician Carbonate in the Region of Tazhong, Tarim Basin

The Tarim basin, which is located in the Xin-jiang Autonomous Region in western China , is alarge-scale superi mposed basin situated between theTianshan Mountains to the north and the KunlunMountains to the south, with an area of 560 000km2. The Tazhong uplift ,locatedin the central partof the basin, has an area of 30 000 km2.It is sur-rounded by the Manjiaer depressionin the north,theTangguzibasi depressionin the south,the Bachu up-lift inthe west andthe Tadong saginthe east .It hasbeco…     

锶元素地球化学在水文地质研究中的应用进展

国外学者已广泛应用Sr^2 ，c(Sr)／c(Ca)或c(Ca)／c(Sr)，n(^87Sr)／n^(86Sr)作为示踪元素研究地表河水的来源组成、监测地下水的污染程度、确定含水层的越流补给量和恢复洞穴沉积环境等。国内90年代以后开始应用锶和锶同位素研究河流的补给来源，探讨泉群流动系统和应用c(Sr)／c(Ca)、c(Sr)／c(Mg)研究岩溶水系统，并取得了较好的效果；介绍了目前正在开展的应用c(Sr)／c(Ca)、c(Sr)／c(Mg)、n(^87Sr)／n(^86Sr)研究西南岩溶山区地下河水组成的思路和方法。展望了锶元素地球化学在水文地质调查和地下水资源评价中的应用前景。