纳米TiO2建筑材料光催化净化室内甲醛研究进展

纳米TiO2建筑材料应用于现代家庭室内装饰装修,可以净化室内空气,尤其是甲醛。探讨了TiO2光催化降解室内甲醛气体的机理,重点对玻璃、陶瓷、涂料、板材这四种建筑材料在光催化净化室内甲醛气体的应用做了介绍;详细讨论了纳米TiO2建筑材料光催化活性的主要影响因素是光照强度、相对湿度、气体流速、初始浓度等,并提出金属离子掺杂、阴离子掺杂、共掺杂、贵金属沉积和半导体复合的方法来提高TiO2光催化活性;最后对在实际应用中提高TiO2的可见光利用率以及TiO2与建筑材料之间的相互作用机理研究方面进行了展望。     

均匀水解低温晶化法氮掺杂TiO_2可见光催化剂的制备与表征

以硫尿为氮源,采用均匀水解低温晶化法制备了具有可见光活性氮掺杂的纳米TiO2。采用XRD、SEM、BET和UV-vis漫反射光谱等技术对其进行了表征。结果表明,所制备氮掺杂TiO2均为锐钛矿相,并且在可见光区域有明显的光吸收。以甲基橙溶液为模拟废水,研究氮掺杂TiO2在可见光下的光催化活性。实验表明,所制备的氮掺杂TiO2样品在可见光下具有高的光催化活性,可见光催化活性明显高于商业P25 TiO2光催化剂。     

N、S共掺杂纳米TiO2的制备、表征及光催化性能研究

以TiCl4、硫脲为原料，采用微波催化水解沉淀法合成了S掺杂的TiO2前驱体，在NH3／N2气氛中经高温煅烧处理制得N、S共掺杂纳米TiO2光催化剂，用XRD、UV-Vis／DRS、FT-IR、TG-DTA、SEM等对其进行了表征。并考察了该催化剂在可见光及紫外光区的催化活性。结果表明，N掺杂在TiO2表面形成了Ti-O-N键；S掺杂可以导致TiO2晶粒尺寸细化。而N、S共掺杂导致了TiO2晶格畸变，产生了新的能级结构，使催化剂的吸收边带红移。晶粒基本呈球形和类球形，粒径在15-20nm之间。N、S共掺杂对提高光催化活性具有协同作用，在可见光和紫外光区均表现出较佳的光催化活性。     

简单有效氮掺杂TiO2纳米微晶的制备、表征及其可见光活性

以尿素为氮源,采用简单的酸催化溶胶-凝胶法制备了氮掺杂TiO2纳米光催化剂,以甲基橙在可见光照射下的光催化降解为探针反应,评价了其光催化活性。运用XRD、XPS和UV-Vis DRS光谱表征技术考察了氮掺杂TiO2样品的微晶尺寸、晶相结构、表面组成及其吸光特性。结果表明氮掺杂减小了TiO2的带能隙,氮掺杂TiO2纳米微晶对400～530nm的可见光有较强的吸收,在降解甲基橙的实验中表现出良好的可见光催化活性。其中,400℃焙烧制得的具有单一锐钛矿相型,晶粒尺寸为14.94nm的TiO1.9904N0.0096样品的可见光催化活性最佳。     

纳米二氧化钛光催化的研究进展及应用

针对近年来TiO2光催化的研究和应用进展,对纳米TiO2的制备方法、光催化机理及其影响因素进行了综述,指出光源种类、光源强度、体系的反应温度、体系的pH值等是影响TiO2催化速率和效率的主要因素,在此基础上总结出提高纳米TiO2光催化活性方法,对掺杂半导体材料和表面改性两种主要方式进行了归纳,介绍了TiO2作为光催化剂在环境领域的应用及使用寿命,提出了TiO2作为光催化剂的发展趋势。     

镧掺杂TiO2/膨润土复合光催化材料的制备及性能

以钠基膨润土为载体,钛酸丁酯和硝酸镧为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备镧掺杂TiO2/膨润土复合光催化剂,采用X射线衍射(XRD)和红外光谱(IR)对复合催化剂进行了表征,在紫外光照射下,通过对TNT废水的光催化降解,考察其光催化活性。实验结果表明,掺杂镧与未掺杂镧的TiO2/膨润土复合光催化剂中TiO2主要以锐钛矿型存在;掺杂镧的TiO2/膨润土复合光催化剂的光催化性能明显优于未掺杂镧的TiO2/膨润土复合光催化剂,当镧的掺杂量为1%(原子分数),焙烧温度为500℃时,其光催化活性达到最佳效果。     

Pb、N和Fe共掺杂光催化剂制备及处理大红染料废水的应用

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出Pb、N和Fe共掺杂TiO2光催化剂。通过大红染料溶液的光催化降解反应,考察了制备和反应条件对共掺杂TiO2催化剂活性的影响。结果表明:在500℃,当Pb、N和Fe与Ti的原子比为0.7∶1.5∶0.6∶100,焙烧2h,TiO2光催化剂活性最大,大红染料的降解率达到99%。     

纳米α-Fe2O3/TiO2光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能研究

以硝酸铁为铁源,NaOH为沉淀剂合成单分散性良好的纳米α-Fe2O3粒子,然后与纳米TiO2胶体复合制备了纳米α-Fe2O3/TiO2光催化剂。利用动态光散射粒径分析仪、扫描电子显微镜、紫外-可见分光光度计、X射线衍射仪对光催化剂的物相、形貌进行了表征。在室温条件下,以甲醛作为有机污染物,在可见光照射下探讨了纳米α-Fe2O3粒径、α-Fe2O3摩尔分数等对甲醛光催化降解的影响。结果表明,在一定范围内,随着粒径的减小,纳米α-Fe2O3光催化活性增强,在120min内粒径40nm的纳米α-Fe2O3对甲醛的降解效果最好,降解率约为93.05%。与纯TiO2相比,纳米α-Fe2O3/TiO2光催化剂的可见光催化活性明显增强,纳米α-Fe2O3最佳含量为0.20%(摩尔分数)。纳米α-Fe2O3含量过大,纳米α-Fe2O3/TiO2光催化剂的催化活性将降低。     

贵金属改性TiO2光催化剂的机理及研究进展

利用贵金属改性TiO2光催化剂是提高TiO2光催化活性的主要方法之一,在离子掺杂改性TiO2研究中受到重点关注。综述了贵金属改性TiO2光催化剂的机理,总结了贵金属改性TiO2光催化剂的主要制备方法,分析了目前贵金属改性TiO2光催化剂研究中存在的问题,指出通过某些贵金属掺杂TiO2光催化剂能克服贵金属表面沉积改性方法的不足,并能有效改善TiO2光催化剂的光催化性能。     

Pr-TiO_2光催化剂的制备与性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了稀土元素Pr掺杂的纳米TiO2光催化剂(Pr-TiO2)。通过XRD、FT-IR、UV-Vis、TEM等对Pr-TiO2样品进行了表征和分析,并以亚甲基蓝(MB)作为目标降解物,考察了不同热处理温度及不同掺杂量的Pr-TiO2对MB的光催化降解效果。结果表明,Pr掺杂纳米TiO2的晶型为锐钛矿相和金红石相的混晶相,Pr的掺入提高了TiO2光催化活性。当热处理温度为500℃,在pH值为2.5,Pr掺杂量为n(Pr):n(TiO2)=1:300的条件下制备的光催化剂的催化活性显著高于DegussaP25。     

TiO2/膨胀石墨复合材料的制备及其对亚甲基兰的光催化降解

采用快速升温法制备出以膨胀石墨为载体的TiO2/膨胀石墨光催化剂,用SEM及XRD对其表面形貌及结构进行表征,研究了该负载型光催化剂在紫外光照射下的催化能力,探讨了在催化剂中TiO2的负载量、亚甲基兰溶液的初始浓度及其pH值对光催化剂的降解能力的影响.结果发现,负载量为10%的光催化剂对40mg/L的亚甲基兰溶液5h的光降解率达到58.8%.     

TiO2／膨胀石墨复合材料的制备及光催化性能的研穷

采用快速升温法制备出以膨胀石墨为载体的TiO2／膨胀石墨光催化剂，用SEM及XRD对其表面形貌及结构进行表征，研究了光催化剂在紫外光照射下的催化能力，探讨了目标降解物溶液的初始浓度及其pH值对光催化剂的降解能力的影响。结果发现，负载量为10％的光催化剂对40mg／L的亚甲基兰溶液5h的光降解率达到58．83％，甲基橙为51．12％。     

Nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanotube array films with enhanced photocatalytic activity under various light sources

Highly ordered nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (N-doped TiO(2)) nanotube array films with enhanced photocatalytic activity were fabricated by electrochemical anodization, followed by a wet immersion and annealing post-treatment. The morphology, structure and composition of the N-doped TiO(2) nanotube array films were investigated by FESEM, XPS, UV-vis and XRD. The effect of annealing temperature on the morphology, structures, photoelectrochemical property and photo-absorption of the N-doped TiO(2) nanotube array films was investigated. Liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry were applied to the analysis of the intermediates coming from the photocatalytic degradation of MO. The experimental results showed that there were four primary intermediates existing in the photocatalytic reaction. Compared with the pure TiO(2) nanotube array film, the N-doped TiO(2) nanotubes exhibited higher photocatalytic activity in degradating methyl orange into non-toxic inorganic products under both UV and simulated sunlight irradiation.     

Application of visible-light photocatalysis with nitrogen-doped or unmodified titanium dioxide for control of indoor-level volatile organic compounds

The present study evaluated visible-light photocatalysis, applying an annular reactor coated with unmodified or nitrogen (N)-doped titanium dioxide (TiO(2)), to cleanse gaseous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at indoor levels. The surface chemistry investigation of N-doped TiO(2) suggested that there was no significant residual of sulfate ions or urea species on the surface of the N-doped TiO(2). Under visible-light irradiation, the photocatalytic technique using N-doped TiO(2) was much superior to that for unmodified TiO(2) for the degradation of VOCs. Moreover, the degradation efficiency by a reactor coated with N-doped TiO(2) was well above 90% for four target compounds (ethyl benzene, o,m,p-xylenes), suggesting that this photocatalytic system can be effectively employed to cleanse these pollutants at indoor air quality (IAQ) levels. The degradation efficiency of all target compounds increased as the stream flow rate (SFR) decreased. For most target compounds, a reactor with a lower hydraulic diameter (HD) exhibited elevated degradation efficiency. The result on humidity effect suggested that the N-doped photocatalyst could be employed effectively to remove four target compounds (ethyl benzene, o,m,p-xylenes) under conditions of less humidified environments, including a typical indoor comfort range (50-60%). Consequently, it is suggested that with appropriate photocatalytic conditions, a visible-light-assisted N-doped photocatalytic system is clearly an important tool for improving IAQ.     

氮掺杂二氧化钛纳米管制备与光催化性能

以多孔氧化铝为模板,采用溶胶凝胶法制备出二氧化钛纳米管,在氨气气氛下进行了氮掺杂。用TEM、XRD、DRS等对其进行了表征,并通过降解碱性藏花红溶液研究了其光催化的性能。结果表明,用模板法制备的二氧化钛纳米管管径均匀、可控且排向一致,从DRS光谱可以推测出氮掺杂后的二氧化钛纳米管在可见光区有较强的吸收,并且与二氧化钛纳米管相比氮掺杂的二氧化钛纳米管的降解碱性藏花红溶液的效率更高。     

微波辐照掺氮改性有序多孔TiO2微球制备与光催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法和胶体晶体模板法制备了有序多孔TiO2微球,在微波辐照条件下对其掺氮改性,利用FTIR、SEM、XRD、XPS分析等方法对掺氮TiO2材料进行表征,并研究掺氮前后TiO2材料的光催化性能。实验结果显示,所制备有序多孔TiO2微球整体较致密,但局部有孔洞塌陷。微波辐照前后有序多孔TiO2微球的晶型没有改变,依然为锐钛型。XPS分析发现微波辐照制备掺氮有序多孔TiO2微球是可行的,且有序多孔TiO2微球中氮元素质量分数约为1.24%。掺氮有序多孔TiO2微球的光催化性能好于未掺氮TiO2的光催化性能。     

氮掺杂改性TiO_2多孔薄膜光催化降解4-硝基苯酚

本文采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了N掺杂TiO_2光催化剂,并对N掺杂TiO_2进行了改性,分别以P25、N掺杂TiO_2、改性的N掺杂TiO_2为原料,通过逐步研磨、旋转涂膜以及高温煅烧制得三种多孔薄膜,并对其进行了表征。场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)观察结果显示,煅烧后薄膜呈现显著的多孔结构。以4-硝基苯酚(4-NP)溶液为目标污染物,研究紫外光下TiO_2多孔薄膜的光催化性能,确定最佳降解条件,并研究了薄膜耐用性以及三种薄膜对4-NP的光催化性能的比较。结果表明,三种多孔薄膜中,改性N掺杂TiO_2多孔薄膜光催化性能最佳,10mg/L的4-NP溶液吸附30min,在pH=2条件下180min,降解率达到了90%以上,改性N掺杂TiO_2多孔薄膜单次降解180min,循环使用4次的降解率仍接近80%,显示了薄膜具有较好的可耐用性。     

Synthesis and characterization of the N-doped TiO2 photocatalyst for the photodegradation of methylene blue and phenol

To extend the light absorption of TiO2-based photocatalysts towards the visible-light range and to eliminate the rapid recombination of excited electrons/holes during photoreaction, a new type of photocatalyst (N-doped TiO2) powder was prepared through a simple sol-gel process. The crystal phase composition, structure, and light absorption of the new photocatalyst were comprehensively examined via X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy, and atomic-absorption spectroscopy. The photo-oxidation efficiency of the photocatalyst was also evaluated in the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) and of phenol in aqueous solutions under visible-light irradiation from a neon lamp (lambda > 400 nm). The results of the analyses that were performed in this study indicated that the N-doped TiO2 could eliminate the electron/holes recombination and could increase the light absorption in the visible range. The results of the analysis of the UV-Vis diffuse reflection and optical-absorption spectra indicated that a new energy level below 3.2 eV generated in the N-doped TiO2 promoted the optical absorption in the visible-light region and made visible-light excitation possible (E < 3.2 eV). The experiment demonstrated that the photo-oxidation efficiency of MB when N-doped TiO2 powder was used was significantly higher than that when the conventional TiO2 powders were used. The development of such photocatalyst may be considered a breakthrough in the large-scale utilization of solar energy to address the current and future environmental needs.     

The effect of erbium on the adsorption and photodegradation of orange I in aqueous Er3+-TiO2 suspension

Pure TiO(2) and erbium ion-doped TiO(2) (Er(3+)-TiO(2)) catalysts prepared by the sol-gel method were characterized by means of XRD and diffusive reflectance spectra (DRS). The XRD results showed that erbium ion doping could enhance the thermal stability of TiO(2) and inhibit the increase of the crystallite size, and the DRS results showed that the optical absorption edge slightly shifted to red direction owing to erbium ion doping and the Er(3+)-TiO(2) catalysts had three typical absorption peaks located at 490, 523 and 654 nm owing to the transition of 4f electron from (4)I(15/2) to (4)F(7/2), (2)H(11/2) and (4)F(9/2). With a purpose of azo dyes degradation, orange I was used as a model chemical. And the adsorption isotherm, degradation and mineralization of orange I were investigated in aqueous suspension of pure TiO(2) or Er(3+)-TiO(2) catalysts. The results showed that Er(3+)-TiO(2) catalysts had higher adsorption equilibrium constants and better adsorption capacity than pure TiO(2). The adsorption equilibrium constants (K(a)) of Er(3+)-TiO(2) catalysts were about twice of that of pure TiO(2). The maximum adsorption capacity (Q(max)) of 2.0% Er(3+)-TiO(2) catalyst was 13.08x10(-5)mol/g, which was much higher than that of pure TiO(2) with 9.03x10(-5)mol/g. Among Er(3+)-TiO(2) catalysts, 2.0% Er(3+)-TiO(2) catalyst achieved the highest Q(max) and K(a) values. The kinetics of the orange I degradation using different Er(3+)-TiO(2) catalysts were also studied. The results demonstrated that the degradation and mineralization of orange I under both UV radiation and visible light were more efficient with Er(3+)-TiO(2) catalyst than with pure TiO(2), and an optimal dosage of erbium ion at 1.5% achieved the highest degradation rate. The higher photoactivity under visible light might be attributable to the transitions of 4f electrons of Er(3+) and red shifts of the optical absorption edge of TiO(2) by erbium ion doping.