新型掺杂LiAlO2晶体衬底研究

本文系统研究了LiAlO2晶体及掺钛0.2;原子分数LiAlO2晶体的水解性能,用原子力显微镜对(100)晶片在不同水解时间下的表面形貌进行了观察,对比发现这两种晶体的(100)面均具有极性和易水解性.同时观察到掺钛LiAlO2晶体的抗水解性比纯LiAlO2晶体更好,因为掺钛LiAlO2晶体有更多的Li空位,水解的活性得到降低.     

γ-LiAlO2晶体的生长缺陷研究

γ-LiAlO2晶体是一种非常有前途的GaN衬底材料,本文利用化学腐蚀光学显微术和同步辐射X射线形貌术研究了LiAlO2晶体的缺陷.结果表明,提拉法生长的γ-LiAlO2晶体中的缺陷主要为位错、包裹物和亚晶界.并发现在其(100)晶片上的腐蚀形貌两面有较大差异.     

重掺杂P型SiC的熔融KOH刻蚀行为研究

本文采用熔融KOH刻蚀方法详细研究了液相法生长的重掺杂P型6H-SiC晶体中的位错情况,探究了时间、温度变化对液相法生长的重掺杂P型6H-SiC晶片表面刻蚀的影响。当提高腐蚀时间或腐蚀温度时,晶片表面的腐蚀坑尺寸均表现出不同程度的增加,过高的温度及长时间刻蚀均导致过腐蚀现象的发生。根据不同腐蚀条件下腐蚀坑的形貌与分布,确定出刻蚀重掺杂P型6H-SiC晶片的最佳工艺参数。利用晶片在不同温度下的腐蚀速率变化关系及阿伦尼乌斯公式计算出晶体的反应活化能为10.59 kcal/mol。最后,对穿透型螺位错(TSD)和穿透型刃位错(TED)的形貌、尺寸和内部结构进行了详细的表征和分析,结果表明P型6H-SiC晶体中腐蚀坑的倾角与腐蚀时间无关。     

硒铟镓银单晶体(112)面蚀坑形貌观察

研究出一种能在室温下对AgGa0.8In0.2Se2晶体(112)面进行择优腐蚀的新腐蚀液配方,提出了一种适合AgGa0.8In0.2Se2晶体择优腐蚀的新工艺。采用改进的Bridgman法生长出AgGa0.8In0.2Se2晶体,对晶体进行定向切割出(112)面晶片;然后对晶片进行研磨、机械抛光,使其表面平整无划痕;再将晶片用新腐蚀液,浓HNO3(65%～68%)∶浓HCl(35%～38%)=1∶2.5(体积比),在室温下腐蚀5min,同时进行超声振荡。采用金相显微镜对腐蚀后的晶片表面进行观察,发现清晰的蚀坑形貌,形状近似为正三角形,并对(112)面蚀坑的形成及其形貌成因进行了理论分析。     

湿法腐蚀工艺研究碳化硅晶体缺陷表面形貌

采用湿法腐蚀工艺,对PVT法生长的碳化硅单晶缺陷进行了研究.利用熔融态KOH和K2CO8作为腐蚀剂,通过分别改变腐蚀剂配比、腐蚀时间、腐蚀温度的方法,获得了良好的湿法腐蚀工艺参数.用CCD光学显微镜和SEM观察腐蚀以后的晶体表面形貌.结果表明,最佳腐蚀工艺参数为K2CO3:KOH=5 g:200 g,440 ℃/30 min.腐蚀以后(0001)Si表面可以清晰地观察到微管、基面位错、螺位错和刃位错.实验还发现晶片表面抛光质量会影响腐蚀后SiC表面的形貌.     

高质量LiGaO2晶体的提拉法生长及表征

采用提拉法成功地生长了高质量的LiGaO2单晶体,生长过程中没有观察到挥发现象.通过四晶X射线衍射、化学腐蚀、光学显微、透过光谱以及原子力显微镜对晶体的质量进行了表征.结果表明:晶体中无包裹物及气泡,具有很高的质量,(001)面晶片的摇摆曲线半高宽仅为16.2 arcsec,正交的(001)、(100)及(010)三个晶面具有不同的腐蚀形貌,其位错密度均低于104/cm2;LiGaO2晶体的吸收边约为220 nm;化学机械抛光后的晶片表面非常光滑,其均方根粗糙度仅为0.1 nm(5×5μm2).     

用于GaN薄膜生长的γ-LiAlO2晶体基片制备工艺研究

研究了铝酸锂晶体的化学机械抛光工艺.自制了SiO2悬浮液作为抛光剂,主要研究抛光过程中抛盘转速、抛光时间以及抛光压力等系列抛光工艺参数对抛光晶片表面质量的影响规律.通过优化抛光工艺参数获得了适宜制备氮化镓薄膜的铝酸锂晶体基片,最小的表面粗糙度为2.695 nm.结合氮化镓薄膜的制备条件,对抛光好的铝酸锂晶体基片采用退火的方法去除生长态晶体的热应力和机械应力.利用扫描电子显微镜研究了退火后晶片的表面质量,同时用激光共聚焦技术研究了晶体表面腐蚀坑的三维形貌.退火处理导致了铝酸锂晶体表面腐蚀坑的数目和深度增加.随着退火温度的升高和退火的保温时间的增加,铝酸锂晶体中锂元素挥发,晶体表面质量下降.但是适当的保温时间能够改善铝酸锂晶体的完整性,释放在晶体生长和试样制备过程中存在的热应力和机械应力,改善了晶体质量.     

温梯法Al2O3晶体位错形貌分析

用温度梯度法(Temperature Gradient Technique,简称温梯法或TGT法),定向籽晶[0001]方向,生长出φ110mm×80mm Al2O3单晶,晶体完整、透明.采用硼酸钠玻璃液作为Al2O3晶体的化学抛光和化学腐蚀剂,观察了晶体不同部位处(0001)、(112-0)晶片的化学腐蚀形貌相,(0001)切片的位错腐蚀坑呈三角形,位错密度为2×103～3×103/cm2;(112-0)切片位错腐蚀坑呈菱形,位错密度为7×103～8×103/cm2;而且等径生长部位的完整性比放肩处高.利用同步辐射X射线白光衍射实验分析了(0001)晶片的(2-021),(11-01)和(112-0)衍射面内的位错组态.确定了两组位错线的Burgers矢量,温梯法生长的Al2O3晶体中的位错主要是刃型位错.     

TSTGT蓝宝石晶体位错腐蚀形貌分析

采用化学腐蚀-金相显微镜法,利用熔融的KOH对顶部籽晶温度梯度法(TSTGT)生长的直径320 mm的蓝宝石单晶中不同部位的晶片做了位错腐蚀形貌分析.研究表明,(0001)面的位错腐蚀坑呈三角形,腐蚀晶界具有延伸性.对比不同腐蚀时间、不同腐蚀温度和不同表面粗糙度下的腐蚀效果,发现使用KOH腐蚀剂在400℃腐蚀15min时,效果最好.表面粗糙度越小,位错图像越清晰.     

γ-LiAlO2晶体的退火研究

利用温度梯度法生长出了透明的γ-LiAlO2单晶,通过扫描电镜和X射线薄膜衍射分析了不同退火气氛对所切得的(001)晶片表面结构的影响.结果表明:1100℃/70h空气和真空中的退火处理使γ-LiAlO2晶片表层变成LiAl5O8多晶,而同温度富锂气氛退火可以有效地抑制锂的挥发,保持了晶格完整性并且提高了晶体质量.     

(C2N2H10)2Mg(HP2O7)2·2H2O synthesis and crystal structure

(C₂N₂H₁₀)₂Mg(HP₂O₇)₂·2H₂O, is a new inorganic organic hybrid structure. It has been synthetized using wet chemistry. Its crystal structure consists of cis- and trans-edge sharing [MgO₄(H₂O)₂] octahedra resulting in chains, which are linked via [HP₂O₇] units to form [Mg(HP₂O₇)₂(H₂O)₂]⁴⁻ layers. The Mg²⁺ cations and the ethylendiammonium cations are located on centers of inversion. The ethylendiammonium cations are alternately located in the interlayer space. The cohesion of the crystal is well ensured by coulombic interactions between anions and cations and by several hydrogen bonds. The diphosphate anion shows an eclipsed conformation.     

Crystal structure of Rb2[GeO2(OH)2]·2H2O

Single crystals of Rb₂[GeO₂(OH)₂] · 2H₂O are studied by X-ray diffraction. The crystals belong to the orthorhombic system, sp. gr. Pna2₁, a = 13.523(6) Å, b = 8.143(4) Å, c = 13.407(6) Å, Z = 8, R ₁ = 0.0506. In [GeO₂(OH)₂]^2? anions, the Ge-O distances (1.71–1.73(1) Å) are shorter than the Ge-OH distances (1.76–1.80(1) Å). Anions are linked to each other by pairs of hydrogen bonds to form infinite chains. The chains are linked by hydrogen bonds involving water molecules to form a 3D structure. The assignment of the bands in the IR spectrum of the compound under study is performed.     

Elastic properties of the dithionates Na2S2O6 · 2 H2O,K2S2O6, Rb2S2O6, CaS2O6 · 4H2O and SrS2O6 · 4 H2O

Single crystals of the title compounds having optical quality and dimensions of several cm were grown from aqueous solutions. The elastic and thermoelastic constants were determined from ultrasonic resonance frequencies of thick plates. The true point symmetry of K₂S₂O₆ and Rb₂S₂O₆, which is screened by a hexagonal hypermorphy, could be clearly revealed to be trigonal (32) by the existence of the elastic constant c₁₄. In the case of CaS₂O₆ · 4H₂O and SrS₂O₆ · 4H₂O the constant c₁₄ of the specimens appeared too small to confirm the trigonal symmetry group required from electrooptic and non-linear optic effects unambiguously. The isotypy of K₂S₂O₂ and Rb₂S₂O₆ as well as that of CaS₂O₆ · 4H₂O and SrS₂O₆ · 4H₂O is confirmed by their elastic behaviour. The mean elastic stiffness of dithionates is closely related to that of the corresponding sulphates. In the vicinity of the second-order phase transition of K₂S₂O₆ near 235 K weak anomalies of the temperature derivatives of the longitudinal elastic stiffnesses are observed.     

Optical properties of the germanate melilites Sr2MgGe2O7, Sr2ZnGe2O7 and Ba2ZnGe2O7

Refractive indices and their dispersion in the wavelength range from 365 nm to 2325 nm and transmission ranges of the tetragonal melilite‐type germanates Sr₂MgGe₂O₇, Sr₂ZnGe₂O₇ and Ba₂ZnGe₂O₇ were determined. The uniaxial positive crystals Sr₂MgGe₂O₇ and Ba₂ZnGe₂O₇ both offer the possibility for phase matched second harmonic generation, a detailed analysis of phase matching conditions is given. The refractive indices of Sr₂ZnGe₂O₇ show an isoindex (isotropic) point at 467 nm. The investigation was performed on Czochralski grown large single crystals. The crystal structure of all three germanates were determined by means of X ‐ray diffraction. The results corroborate unmodulated melilite‐type structures at room temperature. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Crystal structure of bis 4-benzyl piperidinium monohydrogenmonophosphate pentahydrate, [C6H5CH2CHCH2CH2NH2CH2CH2]2HPO4·5H2O

The salt bis 4-benzyl piperidinium monohydrogenmonophosphate pentahydrate is orthorhombic with the following unit cell dimensions: a = 11.235(2) Å, b = 27.924(6) Å, c = 9.321(4) Å space group Pca2₁ with Z = 4. The structure was solved by the Patterson method and refined to final R value of 0.049 for 1802 independent reflections. The flack parameter is 0.14 with an e.s.d. of 0.23. The structure consists of infinite parallel two-dimensional [110] planes built of mutually connected ions and water molecules by strong O—H,...,O and N—H,...,O hydrogen bonding. There are no contacts other than normal van der Waals interactions between the layers.     

Identification of a new family of diphosphate compounds, AI2BII3(P2O7)2: Structures of Ag2Co3(P2O7)2, Ag2Mn3(P2O7)2, and Na2Cd3(P2O7)2

Syntheses and single-crystal X-ray structural results are reported for three new mixed diphosphates of the family A^I ₂B^II ₃(P₂O₇)₂; Ag₂Co₃(P₂O₇)₂ (I), Ag₂Mn₃(P₂O₇)₂ (II), and Na₂Cd₃(P₂O₇)₂ (III). All crystallize in the triclinic system, space group P1 bar: (I) a = 5.351(4), b = 6.375(4), c = 16.532(4) Å, = 80.83(6) = 81.45(4), = 72.87(5)°, V = 528.9(6) ų, Z = 2, D _calc = 4.649 mg/m³, R/Rw = 0.0428/0.0548 for 3949 obs. reflns; (II) a = 5.432(7), b = 6.619(6), c = 16.51(3) Å, = 80.78(8) = 82.43(9), = 72.82(7)°, V = 557.7(13) ų, Z = 2, D _calc = 4.338 mg/m³, R/Rw = 0.0679/0.1303 for 2100 obs. reflns and (III) a = 5.67(3), b = 7.08(4), c = 7.90(4) Å, = 77.0(2), = 82.5(2), = 67.8(2)°, V = 286(3) ų, Z = 2, D _calc = 4.249 mg/m³, R/Rw = 0.0307/0.0342 for 1945 obs. reflns. (I) and (II) are isostructural but (III) is of a different type. All three structures are characterized by layers of P₂O₇ groups alternating with layers of mixed metal atoms. Differences are seen in the conglomerate bonding patterns of B atoms and in the irregular geometry of Ag in (I) and (II) compared to the octahedral bonding seen for Na in (III). The differences in structure may be understood in terms of the ratios of the ionic radii of A and B atoms.     

Synthesis and characterization of (NH4)2CuBr2Cl2·2H2O crystals

Single crystals of a new compound, (NH₄)₂CuBr₂Cl₂.2H₂O, were grown from saturated aqueous solution at room temperature by slow evaporation method. The grown crystals were characterized through elemental, powder XRD, thermal and DSC analyses and FTIR and far IR spectra. The elemental analysis and the decomposition pattern formulated using the TG‐DTG studies confirm the stoichiometry of the compound. The crystallinity of the compound is confirmed from the powder XRD pattern. A preliminary single crystal X‐ray diffraction structural analysis reveals that the title compound belongs to the orthorhombic system with a = 7.7466 Å, b = 7.783 Å and c = 8.1211 Å. The low temperature DSC shows thermal anomalies at –161.1, –156.5, –152.4, –145.2, –134, –18.5, and 1.4°C during the heating run and at –4.3, –54.8, –66.1, –90.6, –109.7 and –147.2 °C during the cooling run. The thermal hysterses indicate first order phase transitions in the title compound at these temperatures. The FTIR spectra were used to assign the characteristic vibrational frequencies due to NH₄⁺, CuX₄^2– ions and other chemical bonds. The effect of substitution of two bromine atoms on the phase transitions of a closely related crystal, diammonium tetrachloro cuprate dihydrate is also discussed. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Optical Properties of MnIn2S2Se2 Single Crystals

Optical transmittance and reflectance spectra of MnIn₂S₂Se₂ single crystals are measured in the wavelength range from 0.5 to 30 μm. The interference method is used to determine the refractive index of the compound for wavelengths between 0.8 and 12 μm. From an analysis of the absorption spectrum it follows that the fundamental edge is due to forbidden indirect transitions between parabolic bands for the polarization E ⊥ c with a gap energy of 1.50 eV at room temperature.     

Oxygen-conducting compounds with La2Mo2O9 structure in the ternary system La2Mo2O9-Sm2W2O9-Sm2Mo2O 9 + : Synthesis and properties

Polycrystalline samples in the ternary system La₂Mo₂O₉-Sm₂W₂O₉-Sm₂Mo₂O ₉ ⁺ were synthesized in air. The region of the existence of compounds with the lanthanum molybdate (La₂Mo₂O₉) structure in this system was determined. The polymorphism of the synthesized compounds was studied. Doping with samarium or with samarium and tungsten was shown to lead to the suppression of the transition between the monoclinic and cubic phases α → β and the appearance of the transition β _ms → β between two cubic phases. In samples with a high samarium content, the phase transition β _ms → β manifests itself as significant anomalies in the temperature dependences of the dielectric permeability and electric conductivity. An increase in the concentration of samarium in the samples leads to a substantial decrease in the conductivity compared with the nondoped compound La₂Mo₂O₉.     

Structure of {Pb[S2CN(C2H5)2]2(1,10-phenanthroline)}2

Lead (II) nitrate reacts with 1,10-phenanthroline and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate in water to produce yellow bisdiethyldithiocarbamata 1,10-phenanthroline lead(II). Crystals from water are triclinic, space group $P\bar 1$ (#2),a=10.53(2) Å,b=11.050(12)Å,c=24.74 (3) Å, α=94.71 (9)⁰, β=98.15(11)^o, γ=114.11(9)^o,V=2569(6) ų,Z=2. Each lead atom has approximate pentagonal pyramid coordination geometry through the nitrogens of a phenathroline and sulfurs of two dithiocarbamates. Additionally, complexes form loose dimers in which lead atoms are weakly coordinated to a sulfur in an adjacent complex. IR and proton nmr spectrum of the complex are consistent with the solid state structure.