SBS／L／—PB／TEGDA（TMPTA）光敏体系的透光性和感光特性

本文在研究了ＳＢＳ／Ｌ／－ＰＢ／ＴＥＧＤＡ（ＴＭＰＴＡ）均相光敏体系对特定光源（低压汞灯，λ＝２５４ｎｍ）发射光吸收的基础上，按剩余膜产率（Ｙ）绘制出感光特性曲线（Ｙ－ｔ）确定出Ｙ随Ｌ－ＰＢ和ＴＥＧＤＡ（或ＴＭＰＴＡ）用量变化的规律，求算了优选体系的量子产率，以剩余膜产率和灰梯度尺法测定了上述体系的相对感度。     

溶胶—凝胶法合成了BaAl2Si2O8超细粉末的研究

以Ｂａ（ＯＨ）２．８Ｈ２Ｏ，Ａｌ（ＮＯ３）３．９Ｈ２Ｏ，ＴＥＯＳ为原料，采用溶胶－凝胶法制备ＢａＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２三元系粉末，研究了不同因素对生成稳定溶胶和胶化时间的影响，用ＴＧ－ＤＴＡ，ＸＲＤ研究了溶胶－凝胶的热处理过程，用ＴＥＭ观察了粉体的粒径。     

ＴＡＴＢ与氟聚合物界面张力及粘附功的计算

用ＴＹ－８２株皎皎 测定仪测定了三氨基三硝基苯（ＴＡＴＢ）、氟聚合物与标准溶液的接触角,用几何平均法计算ＴＡＴＢ与不同氟聚合物的界面张力及粘附功,结果表明,ＴＡＴＢ与氟聚合物间界面张力及粘附功的大小主要由它们的极性匹配情况决定,极性越区配,则界面张力越小,附粘功越大,粘接越牢固。     

交联助剂MPBM和TMPTA在HNBR中的应用

了交联助剂Ｎ,Ｎ′－间苯基双马来酰亚胺（ＭＰＢＭ）和三羟甲基三丙烯酸丙烷酯（ＴＭＰＴＡ）对氢化丁腈橡胶（ＨＮＢＲ）性能的影响。结果表明,ＭＰＢＭ和ＴＭＰＴＡ都可显著地提高ＨＮＢＲ的硫化速度和交联密度,傅里叶转换红外光谱证实二者均参与了交联反应;两种交联助剂均明显提高了ＨＮＢＲ的综合力学性能,ＭＰＢＭ可以显著地提高ＨＮＢＲ的耐热氧老化性能。ＴＭＰＴＡ有助于提高ＨＮＢＲ的抗臭氧老化性能,同时不损害耐热氧老化性能,同时不损害耐热氧老化性能,两种交联助剂都能大幅度提高ＨＮＢＲ的热降解温度及降解反应活化能。     

三唑作为磷青铜在酸性矿水中的缓蚀剂

９５－００８三唑作为磷青铜在酸性矿水中的缓蚀剂已经鉴定了苯并三唑（ＢＡＴ）和甲苯三唑（ＴＴＡ）作为磷青铜在ｐＨ均为２．５的酸性水（ＡＷ）和合成的酸性矿水（ＳＭＷ）中的缓蚀剂。用００３ｍＭＢＴＡｔ０．０２５ｍＭ的ＴＴＡ可以在ＡＷ中对合金实现１００％的防...     

1,3,5—三氨基苯盐酸盐合成工艺研究

研究了用铁粉和浓盐酸混合物还原２，４，６－三硝基苯甲酸（２，４，６－ＴＮＢＡ）合成１，３，５－三氨基苯盐酸盐（１，３，５－ＴＡＢ．ＨＣｌ）的工艺，确定了较好的工艺条件，产品的结构和纯度分别用ＩＲ和化学分析等表征，对影响产品收率的一些因素也进行了讨论。     

三乙烯四胺吸收CO2的初探

在常压下，采用搅拌式反应器对ＴＥＴＡ（三乙烯四胺）水溶液吸收ＣＯ２进行了研究，测定了不同温度下，不同浓度的ＴＥＴＡ的ＣＯ２吸收情况，并与常用醇胺吸收剂ＭＥＡ（一乙醇胺）、ＤＥＡ（二乙醇胺）、ＴＥＡ（三乙醇胺）的吸收效果作了比较，同时观察了ＴＥＴＡ－胺－水多元体系对ＣＯ２的吸收情况，得出最佳配比。有关ＴＥＴＡ吸收ＣＯ２研究尚无报道。     

新型潜伏性固化剂──双（邻苯二甲酰）乙二胺及衍生物的研制

探讨了合成双（邻苯二甲酰）乙二胺（以下简称ＢＥＡ）和双（四溴邻苯二甲酰）乙二胺（以下简称ＴＢＥＡ）的最佳工艺条件。利用ＤＴＡ曲线分析了ＢＥＡ潜伏固化环氧Ｅ－４４的固化温度，并对贮存期和固化产物的热稳定性进行了讨论。     

双[（三氟甲基）苯并三唑]酞酸酯的合成及其缩合性能

１－羟基－６－三氟甲基苯并三唑与双酰卤化物反应，获得了三氟甲基苯并三唑双酰衍生物、双（６－三氟甲基苯并三唑）草酸酯（ＢＴＢＯ）和双（６－三氟甲基苯并三唑）邻苯二甲酸酯（ＢＴＢＰ）。其缩合试验表明是合成二肽的良好缩合剂。     

1，3，5－三氨基苯盐酸盐合成工艺研究

研究了用铁粉和浓盐酸混合物还原２，４，６．三硝基萃甲酸（２，４，６－ＴＮＢＡ）合成１．３，５．三氨基苯盐酸盐（１，３．５－ＴＡＢ·ＨＣＩ）的工艺，确定了较好的工艺条件，产品的结构和纯度分别用ＩＲ和化学分析等表征，对影响产品收率的一些因素也进行了讨论。     

声化学胺化法合成TATB

为考察声化学胺化法合成1,3,5-三氨基-2,4,6-三硝基苯(TATB)的应用前景,以1,3,5-三氯-2,4,6-三硝基苯(TCTNB)和氨水为原料,用声化学胺化法合成了TATB,考察了超声波作用方式对TATB粒径的影响。得到的目标产物TATB的质量分数达到97%以上,产率达到90%。采用红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱、质谱、X射线衍射及元素分析鉴定了TATB的结构。DSC测定其分解点为383.8℃;激光粒度仪测试其粒径,由探头式超声波得到的TATB平均粒径为2.46μm,由水槽式超声波得到的TATB平均粒径为14.07μm;氧瓶燃烧法测得TATB中氯质量分数低于0.2%。各项指标均达到了TATB国军标要求。声化学胺化法制备TATB反应条件温和、粒径可控、能耗低、基本排除了安全隐患。     

A New Insight to the Color Change Phenomenon of TATB: Structural Color

The color change phenomenon of 1,3,5‐triamino‐2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene (TATB) has puzzled the energetic researchers for decades. Many efforts have been dedicated to identifying the “colored TATB”, however, hardly any of well‐established evidences have been ascertained. After detailed reviewing the literatures, we herein propose a new insight to survey the coloration of TATB. And a 3D photonic crystal model has been proposed to elucidate the color change phenomenon of TATB. Coloration behavior of the TATB is confirmed by home‐made TATB thin film. It is proved that the coloration of TATB is a physical appearance, structural color.     

间苯三酚法合成TATB产品中副产物的鉴定及性能表征

为研究间苯三酚法合成无氯TATB副产物对TATB性能的影响,采用柱层析法将TATB中含有的微量副产物进行了有效分离,结合红外光谱、质谱及核磁对分离得到的副产物进行定性分析;通过差示扫描量热法、热失重法研究TATB及副产物的热分解性能;基于密度泛函数理论计算了TATB及副产物的部分爆轰性能参数。结果表明,TATB中含有的副产物为1-氨基-3,5-二乙氧基-2,4,6-三硝基苯(AETB)和1,3-二氨基-5-乙氧基-2,4,6-三硝基苯(EDATB);副产物的热分解性能与TATB间存在一定差异,TATB及副产物均只有一个热失重过程,但副产物失重过程的起始温度及速率远低于TATB;在相同升温速率下,AETB和EDATB的放热分解峰温分别比TATB低109.2℃和121.4℃;TATB仅在较高温度下存在一个放热分解的过程,副产物EDATB和AETB在较低温度下均存在明显的吸热熔化现象,温度继续上升到一定值后逐渐发生放热分解,副产物的热安定性远低于TATB;由密度泛函理论计算获得副产物的爆热值与TATB十分接近,但是密度、爆速及爆压值均低于TATB。     

Delay Mechanism of β→δ Phase Transition of Cyclotetramethylene Tetranitramine in Polymer Bonded Explosive Formulations by Heat Conduction Obstacle

The β→δ phase transition (PT) of cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX) plays an important role in the safety of explosives when they are exposed to heat. In this work the effect of HMX content on the PT of HMX in Polymer Bonded Explosive (PBX) is reported. Using in situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) test combined with quantitative analysis, the dependence of the PT temperature and dynamic behavior of HMX in PBX formulations [HMX+triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB)+Olefin] on the content of HMX is investigated. The results show that the β→δ PT temperature gradually increases with the reduction of HMX content and with the increase of TATB content. Additives of TATB and olefin in high concentration can form compact coatings on the HMX crystals. Such coatings can delay the nucleations of δ‐HMX by inhibiting the volumetric expansion during PT. Moreever, these coatings separate the HMX crystals and build up a heat conduction obstacle. As a result the growths of δ‐HMX are also suppressed by the coatings. In contrast, fewer additives lead to larger free surface area of HMX, which accelerates the PT.     

丙烯腈-苯乙烯共聚物在TATB炸药上的吸附行为

用紫外光谱法测定了丙烯腈-苯乙烯共聚物(AS)在TATB(三氨基三硝基苯)炸药上的吸附动力学曲线和吸附等温线,考察了温度、溶剂种类、吸附剂TATB的比表面积及其浓度对吸附行为的影响。结果表明,AS在TATB炸药颗粒上达到吸附平衡约需35h,其吸附等温线呈“S”形。吸附量随温度的升高和吸附剂浓度的增加而降低。溶剂本性和吸附剂的比表面积是影响吸附量的重要因素,AS在不良溶剂中的吸附量大于好的溶剂;吸附剂的比表面积越大,吸附量越大。     

Preparation and Characterization of Nano‐TATB Explosive

Nano‐TATB was prepared by solvent/nonsolvent recrystallization with concentrated sulfuric acid as solvent and water as nonsolvent. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize the appearance and the size of the particles. The results revealed that nano‐TATB particles have the shape of spheres or ellipsoids with a size of about 60 nm. Due to their small diameter and high surface energy, the particles tended to agglomerate. By using X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), broadening of diffraction peaks and decreasing intensity were observed, when the particle sizes decreases to the nanometer size range. The corrected average particle size of nano‐TATB was estimated using the Scherrer equation and the size ranged from 27 nm to 41 nm. Furthermore, the specific surface area and pore diameter of nano‐TATB were determined by BET method. The values were 22 m²/g and 1.7 nm respectively. Thermogravimetric (TG) and Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC) curves revealed that thermal decomposition of nano‐TATB occurs in the range of 356.5 °C–376.5 °C and its weight loss takes place at about 230 °C. Furthermore, a slight increase in the weight loss was observed for nano‐TATB in comparison with micro‐TATB.     

超细TATB-BTF核-壳型复合粒子的制备

用喷雾干燥法制备了超细TATB-BTF核-壳型复合粒子。通过BTF在TATB表面结晶沉积,达到对超细TATB粒子进行包覆的目的。扫描电镜分析显示粒子表面形态发生了一定变化,表明TATB粒子表面有包覆层,用光电子能谱(XPS)对粒子表面各成分含量进行了分析。对复合粒子的热行为进行了DTA分析。结果表明,核粒大小是影响超细TATB-BTF核-壳型复合粒子包覆效果的主要因素。     

Crystal Morphology Controlling of TATB by High Temperature Anti‐Solvent Recrystallization

The spheroidizing of TATB (1,3,5‐triamino‐2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene) can help to control preferred orientation and anisotropic expansion of TATB based PBXs, as well as to improve crystal quality, desensitizing efficiency, packing density, and even explosive energy. In this paper, TATB crystals with different morphology were obtained by high temperature recrystallization from anti‐solvents. TATB was dispersed into DMSO and heated to dissolve. Water as an anti‐solvent was added to the solution with different conrol parameters. We designed additional experiments to study the particular influence of these parameters. It was shown that the crystal morphology is strongly affected by the stirring rate and the amount of water added. The recrystallized TATB samples have similar thermal stability as starting TATB, but higher densities and purities, which indicates that the quality of TATB crystals was improved. By slowly adding an appropriate amount of water and cooling, regular crystals of TATB were obtained, which proves that water is a good morphology modifier for TATB.     

Microwave Properties of TATB Particles from Measurements of the Effective Permittivity of TATB Powders

Complex permittivity is the constitutive property required to fully define the absorption, reflection, and transmission of microwave frequency electromagnetic energy for a non‐magnetic material. We report the complex permittivity of 1,3,5‐triamino‐2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene (TATB) powder from 1 to 18 GHz. The average complex permittivity of individual TATB particles was estimated from measurements of the complex permittivity of the powder at two different densities. TATB was found to have low permittivity, low dielectric loss with nearly constant valued permittivity between 1 and 18 GHz. These data are used to calculate the complex permittivity of a composite composed of TATB and Kel‐F 800.     

无氯TATB的合成及其热分解动力学

为解决传统TATB合成中氯杂质的影响,以间苯三酚为原料,经过五氧化二氮硝化、甲基化和氨气氨化得到TATB,综合收率为92%,用核磁共振光谱、红外光谱和质谱等进行了表征.采用有机溶剂法精制获得高纯度无氯TATB,收率75%.用DSC及TG分析了TATB的热性能,根据Ozawa公式计算出TATB的热分解活化能和指前因子分别为135.28 kJ/mol和2.340×10~9 s~(-1).