2005年四川省克山病监测结果分析

目的了解四川省克山病病情现状。方法根据《2004年国家地方病防治项目克山病监测技术方案》要求,对监测点区居民进行询问并记录克山病病史,听、叩诊心、肝、肾,测量血压,描记12导联心电图,对克山病病人及可疑病例拍摄心脏正位X线片。观察急型、亚急型、自然慢型、潜在型克山病检出率及转归情况。用荧光法测定人群发硒、环境水硒、粮食中硒,并调查病区人群经济水平和日常生活膳食结构。结果克山病临床检诊率93．1％,各型克山病临床总检出率2．23％;重点人群(3-14岁儿童)检出率1．50％,非重点人群(15- 70岁成人)检出率3．47％;心电图检查的异常率13．5％;儿童发硒(0．3669±0．0990)mg／kg,粮食硒(0．0105±0．0066)mg／kg,水硒均值<0．25μg／L。结论目前四川省仍有亚急型、慢型克山病新发,儿童潜在型克山病检出率相对较高。     

陕西省潜慢型克山病病情分析

目的了解陕西省克山病考核达标后病情消长趋势和现状,为病因研究提供科学依据。方法采取整群随机分层抽样法,选择我省重病区富县、旬邑县;中等病区永寿县、凤县;轻病区耀州区、陇县作为调查县。每个县（区）抽取能代表该县基本病情的重发病村和历史病情相对较轻或非发病村各一个村,进行临床、心电图检查,慢型及疑似克山病患者拍摄后前位2m距离X线胸片;并采集克山病人及健康人群粮、发、血样进行硒等微量元素含量测定;病区居民经济收入及膳食构成;调查点所在县克山病发病线索调查等项目。结果6县（区）共检出潜在型克山病131例,检出率2．30％,慢型克山病8例,检出率0．14％。粮、发、血硒含量测定结果显示克山病患者和病区健康人硒水平已接近非病区居民硒水平。结论目前,陕西省克山病病区病情呈低发稳定趋势。     

1990～1999年大理州克山病监测资料分析

目的探讨克山病静息状态下的自然发病情况,科学地指导本地克山病防治工作.方法我们于1990年开始在州内的大理市和洱源县建立了省级克山病监测点,并连续监测了10年;监测包括临床检查、心电图分析、胸部X线摄片及人群发硒水平测定.结果未检出急型、亚急型克山病病人,检出1例慢型和107例潜在型克山病,最低年检出率0.29%,最高年检出率为1.03%;10年间监测点区人群发硒水平逐渐升高,大理市上升到轻病区和非病区发硒水平,而洱源县上升到轻病区发硒水平.结论经济生活水平高的点区发硒水平相对高,膳食营养和补硒是预防克山病的一项有效措施,克山病监测是了解克山病病情的一种科学手段.     

山东省克山病基本控制后的动态观察

目的：动态观察山东省克山病病情及发病相关因素的变化。方法：选择克山病病区莒县龙山和平邑县流峪设立2个监测点，对3－14岁人群及14岁以上可疑患者1488人为重点监测对象，从1995－1999年，对克山病发病情况及2个点区县急型、亚急型、慢型克山病病情变化进行连续5年监测，同时调查内外环境硒、经济收入有人均占有粮食。结果：2个点区县5年间慢型克山病发现1例，无急型、亚急型克山病发病，监测点重点监测对象1995、1997、1999年克山病检出率依次为1．81％，2．90％，2．32％；异常心电图检出率为4．84％，5．05％，5．11％；内环境发硒水平逐年升高，为0．278，0．334，0．360mg/kg；外环境小麦硒含量稳定，龙山点玉米硒含量及流峪点玉米、瓜干硒含量升高；经济收入，人均占有粮食不断增加。结论：山东省克山病发病相关因素不断改善，克山病病情处于基本控制后的稳定态势。     

2004年陕西省黄陵县克山病监测报告

目的监测陕西省黄陵县2004年克山病发病情况。方法将监测点区全体居民作为监测对象进行全面检查,并对监测点区的粮硒及儿童发硒进行检测。结果(1)无急型、亚急型克山病发生,潜、慢型克山病的检出率为11%;(2)新发潜在型克山病1例;(3)儿童发硒及大米含硒量病区明显低于非病区(P<0.05)。结论陕西省黄陵县监测点克山病的检出率呈缓慢上升态势,潜在型克山病仍有新发。     

2005年河北省张北县克山病病情监测报告

目的观察河北省2005年克山病病情。方法在河北省克山病历史重病区张北县战海乡水泉洼村设立监测点,将全部常住人口列为监测对象,根据《克山病监测》标准(WS／T 78-1996)及《克山病诊断标准》(GB 17021-1997)对监测点居民进行普查,随访2004年监测点在册克山病病人。结果监测点年内无急型、亚急型克山病发生,检出潜在型克山病(潜克)和慢型克山病(慢克)23人,检出率为4．59％,高于2004年检出率,但差异无统计学意义(P>0．05);监测点人群异常心电图检出率为14．34％;克山病病人心、胸比率异常检出率为52．63％;随访2004年监测点克山病病人27人,死亡2人,死亡率为7．4％。结论河北省张北县监测点克山病病情相对稳定,但病区存在的致病因素仍然对病区人群构成威胁。应加强病情监测工作,开展对克山病病人的治疗和管理。     

山东省克山病基本控制后的病情演变

为掌握山东省克山病１９９２年基本控制后的病情演变，选择具代表性的莒县和平邑两县，对近５年克山病发病情况，现存慢型克山病进行了调查，并对３～１４岁易患人群１４８８例进行了全面检查重点调查，同时调查了内外环境硒及生活水平，结果显示近５年来慢型克山病累计发病率０．０２／万，易患人群慢型克山病检出率０．１３％，潜在型１．６８％，现在慢型克山病患病率０．３９％，无急型，亚急型克山病发病，病区居民发硒０．２４     

2001年辽宁省清原县克山病病情及相关因素分析

目的 掌握克山病监测点区(辽宁省清原县)克山病病情及消长趋势，探讨其发病机理。方法 在全县范围内，采用线索调查方法，了解急型、亚急型及慢型克山病(慢克)的发病情况。对潜在型克山病(潜克)监测点(二道沟村)全体居民进行克山病普查(同步查体、描心电图、心脏B超检查)，同时开展膳食营养状况等相关因素的调查。结果 2001年清原县无急型、亚急型新发病例，新发慢克1例，年发病率为0．03／万。潜克监测点内检出慢克1例、潜克25例，总检出率为6．1％。监测点区居民膳食结构不合理，营养状况低下。结论 监测点区及所在县病情较稳定，但潜克发病呈上升趋势。建议在病区进一步改善膳食模式。     

2002～2006年陕西省富县克山病监测报告

目的 为及时准确掌握克山病病情动态变化,科学地指导富县克山病防治工作.方法 根据陕西省克山病监测方案,对选取的监测人群进行临床体检和心电图普查.结果 急克、亚急克无发病.慢克患病率1.45%,发病率0.06%,慢克病死率4.35%.异常心电图检出率28.89%,且逐年下降,差别有非常显著性(P＜0.01).结论 克山病病区致病因素依然存在,病情不容乐观,还需进一步加强克山病病情监测与采取以食用碘硒盐为主的综合性防治措施.     

延边州2008～2012年克山病监测结果分析

目的观察克山病病情及发病相关因素的动态变化,为指导克山病防治研究提供科学依据。方法选取克山病病区为监测点,按照《全国克山病监测方案》要求,自2008年～2012年对监测点常住人口进行病例搜索和病情监测。包括临床查体、心电图描记、疑似病例心脏后前位x线摄片,同时调查经济收入和主食情况。结果5年间共搜索6个县（市）,170个医疗机构,克山病受检人数5627人,检出克山病62例,总检出率1．10％。X线胸片检查281例,心电图描记5627例,检出的病人均为慢型和潜在型,未发现急型和亚急型病人。结论克山病病区居民病情处于稳定态势,在国家病区控制标准之内。居民经济收入增加膳食明显改善,内环境硒含量水平升高是重要环境因素。     

青少年高血压的研究进展

随着人们生活和行为方式的改变,高血压发病明显呈年轻化趋势。在青少年时期识别高血压病高危人群有助于早期进行有效干预和治疗,降低未来高血压的发生率及其严重性。现试从青少年高血压的诊断、发病因素、特点、治疗策略等方面的研究进展作一综述。     

C·肉毒杀鼠素(冻干剂)应用研究

目的为研究C·肉毒杀鼠索对杀灭达乌尔黄鼠(简称黄鼠)的大面积应用情况和对家畜、家禽的毒害作用,进行了C·肉毒杀鼠素的应用研究.方法大面积投毒采用ES-2药饵撒播机[1],间隔约80m进行条投.羊、鸡采用直接灌胃.结果大面积应用的灭鼠率为83.72%.对羊、鸡最高剂量分别为500万MLD、150万MLD,均未出现中毒现象.结论 C·肉毒杀鼠素是较为理想的草原大面积杀灭黄鼠的理想、首选药物.     

Morbidity in cardiovascular diseases in immigrants in Sweden

INTRODUCTION: Although immigration to Sweden has increased in the last few decades, the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease in immigrants are unknown. The aim of the present study is to estimate whether place of birth affects the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was designed as a follow-up study on morbidity in cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 1998, including three and a half million persons with age range 35-64 years, of whom 550 000 were born abroad, from the database MigMed consisting of the whole Swedish population. Incidence rates and relative risks were estimated by indirect standardization and a proportional hazard model. RESULTS: The age-adjusted risk of coronary heart disease was higher in most foreign-born groups than in Swedes. For example, in nine of 12 male groups, the relative risks varied between 1.1 and 2.2, and in seven of 12 female groups, the relative risks varied between 1.4 and 2.5. When also adjusting for level of education and employment status, the risks were still high, but on a lower level. CONCLUSIONS: Foreign-born people possess an over-risk of cardiovascular or coronary heart disease(CVD/CHD) compared with Swedish-born persons, also when level of education and employment status are taken into account.     

高龄老年高血压的临床研究进展

随着社会老龄化进程的加快,80岁以上高龄老人的绝对数量以及占总人口的比例均在增加,如何提高高龄老年高血压的防治水平备受关注。现试从高龄老年高血压的临床特点、治疗策略等方面的临床研究进展作一综述。     

中国老年性耳聋的研究与干预进展

老年性耳聋已成为影响我国老年人生活质量的最主要的慢性病之一。助听器是目前帮助听力损失的老年人克服交流障碍的主要手段。在我国,数字助听器已逐渐取代模拟助听器并且体现出了更好的效果。但是老年听力损失患者中使用助听器的比例仍然很小。人工耳蜗植入也已被应用在老年患者中。我国针对老年人的听力康复服务还有较长的路要走。     

Epstein-Barr virus in malignancies in renal transplant recipients in Japan

A role for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the development of malignancies including lymphomas, and carcinoma of the stomach, nasopharynx, thymus and salivary gland is suggested. It is indicated that EBV evokes polyclonal-B-cell-proliferative diseases in immunocompromised hosts, such as transplant patients, which results in monoclonal malignant lymphomas. The suppression of immune functions in these patients is thought to lead to incomplete elimination of the cells expressing EBV latent infection genes. To examine the etiological role of EBV in the development of malignancies following renal transplant in Japan, 42 malignancies in 1744 cases of renal transplant were studied for the presence and type of EBV. The polymerase chain reaction revealed that 5 malignancies were positive for EBV, all type A: 2 of 2 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 2 of 8 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma of the common type, and 1 of 2 cases of gastric plasmacytoma. In situ hybridization revealed positive signals in the nucleus of tumor cells in 2 cases of NHL and 1 of plasmacytoma. Positive signals were found in the small lymphoid cells but not in the tumor cells in 2 cases of gastric carcinoma. On the basis of these findings, a role for EBV in the development of malignancies in renal transplant patients is unlikely except for lymphoid neoplasias.Abbreviations PCB polymerase chain reaction - EBV Epstein-Barr virus - NHL non-Hodgkin's lymphoma     

糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道的改变

目的研究糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道的改变及增加葡萄糖代谢对其的作用。方法取体重150～200g的雄性SpragueDawley大鼠,腹腔注射链脲菌素(STZ)建立糖尿病模型,采用酶解法获得单个心室肌细胞,应用膜片钳全细胞记录技术记录钾电流。结果糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞瞬间外向性钾流(Ito)密度较对照组显著降低[ 60mV时,分别为(15.90±1.19)pA/pF(n=25)和(28.55±0.97)pA/pF(n=12),P<0.001];分别用100nmol/L胰岛素及1.5mmol/L二氯乙酸在体外预处理心室肌细胞4～5h和3～4h使Ito密度恢复至对照组水平[ 60mV时,分别为(29.40±0.38)pA/pF(n=20)和(27.35±0.97)pA/pF(n=12)]。结论糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道功能发生改变,增加葡萄糖代谢可逆转这一改变,提示葡萄糖代谢与Ito功能间存在一定关系。     

Sex Differences in Ethanol-induced Dopamine Release in Nucleus Accumbens and in Ethanol Consumption in Rats

In vivo microdialysis was used to examine changes in nucleus accumbens and striatal dopamine, dihydrophenylacetic acid (DO-PAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA) following acute administration of ethanol (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 g/kg) in male and female Long-Evans rats. Following dialysis, rats were trained to bar-press for oral ethanol reinforcement. In nucleus accumbens, females showed significant increases in extracellular dopamine following 0.25 or 0.5 g/ kg ethanol, but did not show significant increases over baseline at the higher doses. Males showed slight increases in dopamine at the lower doses and decreased dopamine at 2.0 g/kg. In striatum, both sexes showed increased dopamine at the lower doses and decreased dopamine at 2.0 g/kg. There were slight increases in nucleus accumbens DOPAC and HVA at some doses in both sexes, but no changes in striatal metabolite levels. In addition to showing increased responsiveness to ethanol-induced mesolimbic dopamine stimulation, females consumed more ethanol than males during behavioral testing. The pattern of both greater ethanol-induced nucleus accumbens dopamine release and greater ethanol consumption in females supports the hypothesis that ethanol reward is mediated, at least in part, by the mesolimbic dopamine system.