甲氧乙心安及吲哚洛尔对大鼠心肌及尿中去甲肾上腺素和肾上腺素含量的影响

给大鼠连续7d(dl—d7)sc吲哚洛尔200μg/kg·d或甲氧乙心安12.5mg/kg·d,用荧光分光法测心肌及尿中NA及A的含量。在d2及d6吲哚洛尔分别使心肌中NA降到正常值的69％及19％(p<0.01),A的变化相仿。尿中NA在d2亦降低。停药后尿中NA反而比正常增多(p<0.001)。甲氧乙心安在d2使心肌中NA降低(p<0.01),d6时增多(p<0.01)。d2尿中NA增多,但停药后未见反跳现象。讨论了吲哚洛尔与甲氧乙心安对组胺中NA影响的差别,与吲哚洛尔的内在活性及甲氧乙心安的β_1选择性的关系。     

静脉输注甲氧明或去氧肾上腺素在冠状动脉搭桥术患者麻醉诱导期的应用

目的 观察静脉输注甲氧明和去氧肾上腺素对冠状动脉(冠脉)搭桥术患者麻醉诱导期血流动力学、心脏泵功能及心肌耗氧的影响.方法 64例择期心肺转流下行冠脉搭桥术患者随机分为两组,每组32例.麻醉诱导期间,M组静脉泵注甲氧明3μg·kg1·min-1,P组静脉泵注去氧肾上腺素0.24μg·kg1·min1,根据BP调整泵药速度...     

去氧肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素预防剖宫产腰麻后低血压的研究进展

腰麻后低血压是剖宫产术中的常见并发症,低血压严重时可能对产妇和胎儿产生不良后果。血管活性药的使用在低血压的防治策略中具有重要意义。诸多研究者认为,去甲肾上腺素在腰麻剖宫产手术中预防和治疗给药维持血压的效果可能优于去氧肾上腺素。本文综述了近年来去氧肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素预防剖宫产腰麻后低血压的研究进展,并总结和分析了预防给药方法和药效的比较结果,以期临床更加安全有效和规范地应用这两种药物,有效降低剖宫产后低血压的发生率,从而提高剖宫产术中产妇和胎儿的安全性。     

去甲肾上腺素引起C6胶质瘤细胞中钙的动员

目的:研究去甲肾上腺素引起大鼠C6神经胶质瘤细胞中钙离子浓度([Ca~(2 )])增加的机理.方法:以荧光染料fura-2为指示剂,采用双波长荧光比值成像 的方法测定细胞中钙离子浓度.结果:通过激活细胞上的α_1肾上腺素能受体,去甲肾上腺素剂量依赖地使C6细胞中钙离子浓度增加.这种反应不依赖细胞外钙,且不受百日咳毒素(PTX)处理的影响.将细胞与磷酯酶C(PLC)抑制剂U73122或内质网Ca~(2 )-ATP酶抑制剂thapsigargin预孵育,去甲肾上腺素引起的胞内钙反应则消失;蛋白激酶C激动剂佛波醉酯(PMA)预处理细胞可以使去甲肾上腺素引起的胞内钙离子浓度升高幅度降低,而佛波醇酯的效应能够被蛋白激酶C抑制剂Ro31-8220或GF-109203X完全阻断.但是,改变胞内蛋白激酶A活性的药物对去甲肾上腺素的作用没有影响.结论:通过激活胞内的磷酯酶C,去甲肾上腺素使C6细胞的胞内钙库释放钙离子.去甲肾上腺素引起的细胞内钙离子浓度增加受蛋白激酶C的负性调节.     

杏仁核内去甲肾上腺素在应激激素调控记忆保持过程中的作用(英文)

There is extensive evidence indicating that the noradrenergic system of the amygdala, particularly the baso-lateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA), is involved in memory consolidation. This article reviews the central hypothesis that stress hormones released during emotionally arousing experiences activate noradrenergic mechanisms in the BLA, resulting in enhanced memory for those events. Findings from experiments using rats have shown that the memory-modulatory effects of the adreno-cortical stress hormones epinephrine and glucocorticoids involve activation of β-adrenoceptors in the BLA. In addition, both behavioral and microdialysis studies have shown that the noradrenergic system of the BLA also mediates the influences of other neuromodulatory systems such as opioid peptidergic and GABAergic systems on memory storage. Other findings indicate that this stress hormone-induced activation of noradrenergic mechanisms in the BLA regulates memory storage in other brain regions.     

HPLC-ECD法测定小鼠脑组织内去甲肾上腺素的含量

目的:建立小鼠脑内去甲肾上腺素含量的高效液相色谱-电化学（HPLC-ECD）测定方法。方法:小鼠脑组织采用70%高氯酸沉淀蛋白后,以HPLC-ECD法进行分析。使用汉邦lichrospher C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）,流动相为醋酸钾缓冲液-甲醇（95:5,pH 4.5）,流速为1.0 ml·min^-1,温度为25℃;电化学检测器电压为0.6 V,电流为100 nA,频率为0.05 Hz。结果:去甲肾上腺素在0.1～25μmol·L^-1范围内线性关系良好,日内、日间RSD分别小于7.81%和3.61%,回收率为75.05%,测得小鼠脑内去甲肾上腺素含量为（8.94±0.71）μg·g^-1。结论:该方法快速、准确,适用于小鼠脑内去甲肾上腺素的测定     

复方甲氧那明治疗咳嗽变异型哮喘的临床研究

目的观察复方甲氧那明治疗咳嗽变异型哮喘的有效性和安全性。方法采用随机双盲对照试验的方法,将110例咳嗽变异型哮喘的患者分为两组,治疗组56例,每次给予复方甲氧那明2粒,对照组54例,每次给予氨茶碱0.1 g,用法均为tid,po,均连续治疗1个月。结果治疗组和对照组临床有效率分别为78.85%,68.63%(P<0.05);治疗组和对照组重度患者临床有效率分别为84.21%,64.71%(P<0.01);不良反应的发生率分别为13.46%和31.37%(P<0.05)。结论复方甲氧那明用于咳嗽变异型哮喘的治疗效果确切,安全性好。     

小剂量去氧肾上腺素、甲氧明、麻黄素和输注羟乙基淀粉对腰硬联合麻醉剖宫产术中低血压的预防

目的比较预注小剂量去氧肾上腺素、甲氧明及麻黄素和输注羟乙基淀粉对腰-硬联合麻醉(CSEA)下产妇心血管系统的影响。方法 120例择期行剖宫产手术的产妇,随机分为4组,入手术室后先开放静脉,输注乳酸钠林格注射液200～300mL,行麻醉穿刺,在蛛网膜下腔注入0.5%布比卡因1.5mL后,产妇转为平卧位时,从静脉分别给予去氧肾上腺素10μg,甲氧明3mg,麻黄素6mg,羟乙基淀粉300mL,所有患者经上述处理后仍出现低血压时,给予麻黄素6～12mg;当心率低于60次/min时,给予阿托品0.5～1.0mg记录腰麻前、腰麻后(预注后)5、10、15min及手术结束后的血压、心率,比较两组间患者低血压、心动过缓的发生率,恶心呕吐的发生情况及麻黄素(不包括预注量)、阿托品用量,两组反应性高血压次数。结果甲氧明组低血压发生率稍高于麻黄素组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与麻黄素组比较,甲氧明组心动过缓的发生率稍增多,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。去氧肾上腺素组低血压发生率低于甲氧明组和麻黄素组,羟乙基淀粉组低于甲氧明组和麻黄素组,恶心呕吐发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。麻黄素用量(不包括预注量)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论去氧肾上腺素10μg,甲氧明3mg,或麻黄素6mg羟乙基淀粉术前输注均能有效地预防CSEA下产妇血压下降,并且对新生儿无不良影响。     

多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素对感染性休克患者血流动力学和组织氧代谢的影响评价

目的:评价多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素对感染性休克患者血流动力学和组织氧代谢的影响。方法:选取2015年7月—2016年8月期间收治的感染性休克患者104例临床资料,采用随机数字表法,将其分为观察组52例和对照组52例;观察组患者给予去甲肾上腺素治疗,对照组患者给予多巴胺治疗,评价两组患者治疗后对感染性休克患者的组织氧代谢和血流动力学的影响。结果:观察组患者治疗后在改善HR、CI、Sv O2、SVRI和乳酸清除率指标测得值优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:采用去甲肾上腺素治疗感染性休克患者,临床疗效更为显著,优于多巴胺的治疗。     

HPLC法同时测定重酒石酸去甲肾上腺素注射液和盐酸去氧肾上腺素注射液的含量及有关物质

目的:建立测定重酒石酸去甲肾上腺素注射液和盐酸去氧肾上腺素注射液含量及有关物质的方法.方法:采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱:Kromasil C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm);流动相:甲醇-乙腈-庚烷磺酸钠溶液(1∶1∶8);检测波长:280 nm;流速:1 ml/min;柱温:30 ℃.结果:重酒石酸去甲肾上腺素在80～320 μg/ml范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,r=0.999 8;高、中、低3种浓度的平均回收率为101.2%,RSD为0.18%(n=9).重酒石酸去甲肾上腺素的最小检测限为152.3 ng/ml.盐酸去氧肾上腺素在100～400 μg/ml范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,r=0.999 6;高、中、低3种浓度的平均回收率为98.1%,RSD为0.051%(n=9).盐酸去氧肾上腺素的最小检测限为103.8 ng/ml.结论:该法简便、准确、灵敏度高,重现性好,可用于重酒石酸去甲肾上腺素注射液和盐酸去氧肾上腺素注射液的含量测定和有关物质检查.     

Supersensitivity of the noradrenergic system in the spinal cord following intracisternal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine

The intracisternal administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA; 100 micrograms on two consecutive days) resulted in a 90-95% depletion of norepinephrine (NE) in the spinal cord 3-60 days following administration of the drug. At 90 days following injection of 6-OHDA, the depletion was only 60% suggesting the regrowth of NE-containing fibers. Consistent with the depletion of NE, 3-60 days after the injection of 6-OHDA a 50-80% decrease in the uptake NE occurred with only a 25% decrease 90 days after administration of 6-OHDA. Associated with decreases in NE and its uptake was a 100-200% increase in the accumulation of NE-stimulated cyclic AMP in slices of spinal cord tissue from 6-OHDA-treated rats. The increased response was evident at 3-60 days after injection of 6-OHDA decreasing on day 90 to 40% above control. No shift in the EC50 for NE was evident and the specificity of agonists for this response was limited to agents with alpha and/or beta-adrenergic receptor activation properties. Radioligand receptor binding techniques, utilizing [3H]prazosin for alpha1 receptors and [3H]dihydroalprenolol for beta receptors demonstrated that increases in the Bmax of response of alpha1 (30-50%) and beta (15-20%) receptors in spinal cord may mediate the enhanced response of NE-stimulated cyclic AMP following the administration of 6-OHDA. This is indicated by similar time-dependent patterns of onset and termination of increased receptor binding and the accumulation of NE-stimulated cyclic AMP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

赛拉嗪对小鼠胃肠运动及大鼠胃肠电的影响

育亨宾(0.5～4mg·kg~(-1),sc)和苯口恶咪唑(2～8 mg·kg~(-1).sc)剂量依赖性地拮抗赛拉嗪(4mg·kg~(-1),sc)对小鼠胃肠推进运动的抑制作用.赛拉嗪(2、4 mg·kg~(-1),sc)可乐定(120μg·kg~(-1),sc)抑制大鼠胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠的肌电活动,用药后30min作用最显著。育亨宾(4 mg·kg~(-1),sc)一定程度地拮抗赛拉嗪(4 mg·kg~(-1),sc)抑制胃肠肌电活动的作用.     

Evidence for the outward transport of norepinephrine in synaptic vesicles attached to the plasma membrane

In a low-sodium, choline⁺ (Ch⁺) medium, rat heart slices, that were labelled in vivo with [³H]norepinephrine, exhibited a delayed, Ca²⁺-dependent release of radioactivity, these radioactive compounds consisted of both amines and deaminated metabolites. The Ca²⁺-dependent release of radioactivity was largely blocked by cocaine suggesting that the release may represent an outward transport of [³H]amines. Reserpine, which is known to inhibit binding of norepinephrine to synaptic vesicles, stimulated the release of deaminated metabolites and some amines from the slices. Cocaine increased the release of [³H]amines in monoamine oxidase inhibited, reserpinized slices in the control medium. When Ch⁺ -Ca²⁺ and reserpine stimulation were combined, the effects of Ch ⁺ -Ca²⁺ predominated. These effects were blocked by cocaine, which then permitted the response to reserpine to become established. The conclusion derived from the above experiments is that norepinephrine coming from synaptic vesicles brought in close proximity to the plasma membrane by a Ca²⁺-dependent system can be transported outwardly to the extraneuronal space by a cocaine-sensitive mechanism.     

去甲肾上腺素引起大鼠后肢血管平滑肌收缩的Ca2＋依赖特征

在大鼠后肢血管床灌流标本功能性实验中，以灌流压为指标，研究了去甲肾上腺素(NE)引起血管平滑肌细胞收缩的Ca^2＋依赖特征. 标本经无Ca^2＋ Krebs液预灌流30 min后，血管床对NE的最大反应降至对照时的8％；如再经咖啡因和NE耗竭胞内贮存Ca^2＋后，则反应完全消失. 硝苯地平(0.01-10 μmol ·L^-1)呈浓度依赖性抑制NE的收缩反应，最大抑制作用为65％. 硝苯地平不能抑制的反应可被CdCl₂抑制. 肌浆网Ca^2＋-ATP酶抑制剂环匹阿尼酸(CPA)能使NE升高灌流压的效应降低80%左右. 在无Ca^2＋ Krebs液中， 咖啡因耗竭其敏感的细胞内Ca^2＋ 池后，NE的效应不变，用NE耗竭Ca^2＋池后，也不影响咖啡因的反应. 结果提示，α_1A肾上腺素受体激动引起大鼠后肢血管床细胞收缩反应主要由细胞外Ca^2＋经硝苯地平敏感的钙通道和其它钙通道内流引起，并且大部分胞外Ca^2＋的内流依赖细胞内Ca^2＋释放的启动.     

胍丁胺抑制麻醉大鼠颈动脉窦压力反射(英文)

目的:观察胍丁胺对颈动脉窦压力感受器反射的影响。方法:利用灌流左颈动脉窦方法,观察胍丁胺对麻醉大鼠压力反射机能参数的影响。结果:(1)胍丁胺1,5,10mmol/L均使颈动脉窦压力反射机能曲线向右上方移位,曲线最大斜率和反射性平均动脉压下降幅度均减小,提示胍丁胺对压力感受器反射有抑制作用;(2)预先应用咪唑啉受体(IR)和肾上腺素能α_2受体(α_2-AR)拮抗剂咪唑克生(idazox-an,0.1mmol/L),则可完全阻断胍丁胺5mmol/L的效应。预先应用α_2受体拮抗剂育亨宾(yohimbine,15μmol/L),则可部分阻断其效应;(3)预先应用NOS抑制剂L-NAME(500μmol/L),对胍丁胺的抑制作用无影响。结论:胍丁胺对颈动脉窦压力反射有抑制作用,并由咪唑啉受体和α_2受体介导。     

胍丁胺对异丙肾上腺素诱发豚鼠乳头状肌后除极的影响(英文)

目的:研究胍丁胺(Agm)对异丙肾上腺素(Iso)诱发豚鼠乳头状肌早发和晚发后除极(EAD和DAD)的影响及其作用机制。方法:细胞内玻璃微电极技术。结果:(1)Agm明显抑制Iso诱发的EAD和DAD;(2)预先应用NOS抑制剂L-NAME0.5mmol·L~(-1),不能影响Agm1.0mmol·L~(-1)对Iso 20nmol·L~(-1)诱发EAD和DAD的抑制作用;(3)预先应用咪唑啉受体(IR)和肾上腺素能α_2受体(α_2-AR)拮抗剂idazoxan 0.1mmol·L~(-1)则可阻断这种作用。结论:Agm对Iso诱发EAD和DAD的抑制作用由α_2-AR和/或IR介导,并与钙内流减少有关。     

咪唑克生对吗啡镇痛、耐受和身体依赖的影响

目的:观察咪唑克生对吗啡镇痛及吗啡所致耐受和躯体依赖的影响.方法:采用小鼠醋酸扭体实验和55℃热板实验观察咪唑克生对基础痛阈及吗啡镇痛作用的影响;采用小鼠热辐射甩尾实验和小鼠55℃热板实验观察咪唑克生对吗啡耐受形成过程的影响;采用大鼠、小鼠身体依赖模型观察咪唑克生对吗啡所致身体依赖的影响.结果:咪唑克生(3-9mg/kg)能显著降低小鼠基础痛阈,抑制吗啡镇痛;加重吗啡所致耐受;诱发大、小鼠发生戒断综合征.结论:咪唑啉受体参与痛阈形成;咪唑克生能抑制吗啡镇痛,加重吗啡所致耐受;并诱发吗啡依赖性动物发生戒断综合征.     

Effect of prazosin on veins: Inhibition of norepinephrine venoconstriction in dog forelimb

A dose–response curve was established based on increases in venous infusion pressure evoked by injection of a series of small doses of norepinephrine, before and after slow infusion of a prazosin solution into the accessory cephalic vein of anesthetized dogs. During the prazosin infusion, there was an increase in venous infusion pressure, which returned to control levels by the end of the infusion period. The reduction in arterial pressure that occurred during the infusion persisted throughout the experiment. Immediately following the prazosin infusion, venous constrictor responses to norepinephrine were greatly inhibited, an effect that was still present 1 hr later. Prazosin has a marked in vivo α-adrenergic receptor inhibiting action in the accessory cephalic vein of the dog. This effect may be preceded by an agonistic action on these receptors at this site, as suggested by the increase in venous infusion pressure during the period of prazosin administration.