油雾扩散过程中浓度对偏振激光传输特性的影响

针对大气环境中粒子浓度对激光传输过程的影响问题,以油雾粒子为研究对象,利用油雾粒子在扩散过程中产生的非均匀环境,进行了偏振激光传输的半实物仿真实验。实验采用532 nm激光器,分别研究了水平线偏振光、45°线偏振光以及左旋圆偏振光在油雾扩散过程中偏振态的变化情况。利用粒度仪对扩散环境进行了量化标定。实验结果表明:在油雾扩散过程中,浓度越高,偏振度变化的随机性越大,圆偏振光的保偏性优于线偏振光。在相同浓度下,0°线偏振光对偏振态的保持性要优于45°线偏振光。在浓度极高的情况下,体积浓度为2 mg/L及其以上时,线偏振光与圆偏振光的保持性趋向一致。     

偏振态对飞秒激光加工石英玻璃表面质量的影响

为研究线偏振和圆偏振对飞秒激光烧蚀加工石英玻璃表面质量的影响,开展不同扫描速度的线烧蚀试验和不同线重叠率的面烧蚀试验。研究了线、圆偏振光对烧蚀线宽度的影响,利用光学显微镜和环境扫描电子显微镜观察烧蚀形貌,并使用三维表面轮廓仪进行烧蚀面粗糙度分析。结果表明:线偏振光烧蚀线宽度大于圆偏振光,且激光功率越大,线宽差异越明显;当线重叠率在65%~90%时,线偏振光烧蚀表面粗糙度随重叠率增大而增大,在重叠率为65%时达到1.33μm;线轮廓算术平均偏差随重叠率增大先减小后增大,并在重叠率为80%时达到较小值1.05μm;当重叠率不到80%时,线偏振光烧蚀面线轮廓算术平均偏差比圆偏振光小;重叠率为90%时,其线轮廓算术平均偏差反而比圆偏振光大。     

多偏振飞秒激光制备彩色铁

采用四个不同偏振方向的线偏振和圆偏振态飞秒激光扫描处理金属铁表面来制备不同的彩色铁。从不同角度观察被处理区域时,线偏振扫描处理的彩色区域呈现不同的色彩,而圆偏振扫描处理的区域没有明显的颜色变化。扫描电子显微镜图片显示,线偏振激光扫描处理金属铁表面形成了nm量级的激光诱导周期表面结构,其方向始终与激光偏振方向垂直;圆偏振激光扫描处理金属铁表面形成的条纹结构不明显且有大量的纳米颗粒结构。     

光源的偏振态对动态光散射颗粒测量结果的影响

研究了在动态光散射纳米颗粒测量中,光源的偏振态对测量结果的影响。采用了粒径为100nm、体积浓度为0.5%的标准颗粒作为样品,使He-Ne激光通过起偏器得到0°～180°方向的偏振光,测量了散射光强、偏振度和粒径测量值的变化,计算了相应的粒径均值偏差和标准差,并将这一结果与无偏振He-Ne激光入射进行了比较。结果表明,当入射光为线偏振光时,偏振方向垂直于散射面时测量效果最好;另一方面,由于颗粒系散射迭加造成的散射光偏振度降低,使线偏振光源与无偏振光源产生的散射光偏振度无明显差别,证明在测量中可以使用无偏振He-Ne激光代替。     

High power linearly polarized Raman fiber laser at 1120 nm

An all-fiber linearly polarized Raman fiber laser at 1120 nm is demonstrated. With a 1 070-nm linearly polarized Yb-doped fiber laser as pump source, an output of up to 7.7 W at 1120 nm is obtained with an optical efficiency of 55%. The polarization extinction ratio of the linearly polarized Raman fiber is higher than 18 dB. A numerical simulation model is developed to determine the Raman coefficient of the gain fiber and to evaluate the laser performance. The spectral isolation between the Raman fiber laser and the pump fiber laser is determined to be necessary for further improvements of performance.     

Ar+激光和532 nm激光及其线偏振激光辐照光学模型下人正常小肠组织光学特性

采用双积分球系统和光辐射测量技术的基本原理以及运用生物组织的光学模型 ,研究了 4 76 5 ,4 88,4 96 5 ,5 14 5 ,5 32nm激光及其线偏振激光辐照人正常小肠组织的光学特性。结果表明 :组织对激光及线偏振激光的衰减系数和散射系数随着波长的减小而增大 ,而 5 14 5～ 5 32nm波长之间 ,线偏振光与非线偏振光入射则开始有明显差异。吸收系数是随着波长的减小而缓慢地增大 ,而 5 14 5～ 5 32nm波长之间吸收系数的改变则明显变小 ,与是否线偏振光入射无明显差异。平均散射余弦也是随着波长的减小而增大 ,光学穿透深度则是随着波长的增大而增大 ,折射率在这五个波长范围内的值在 (1 38～ 1 4 8)之间。Kubel ka Munk二流模型下组织对同一波长的激光及其线偏振激光的吸收系数、散射系数、总衰减系数、有效衰减系数没有显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。组织对不同波长的激光或其线偏振激光的吸收系数、散射系数、总衰减系数、有效衰减系数是有差异的。而在 5 14 5～ 5 32nm波长之间其光学特性参数有较为明显的差异。     

Effect of polarization on femtosecond laser pulses structuring silicon surface

Arrays of conical-like spikes can be formed on silicon surface after irradiated with femtosecond laser pulses in ambient of SF₆ or N₂. In this article, we report our observations on how the shape of the spikes formed on silicon surface varies with the polarization of laser beam. The experimental results show that, with circular polarized laser irradiation, the shape of the spikes is conical; however, with linearly polarized laser irradiation, the spikes show elliptic conical shape, and the long-axes are perpendicular to the direction of the polarization of laser beam. The asymmetric shape of spikes produced by linearly polarized laser beam can be explained by considering the polarization dependence of Fresnel-refraction.     

5个不同波长的激光及其线偏振激光辐照人正常膀胱组织光学特性

采用双积分球系统和光辐射测量技术的基本原理以及运用生物组织的光学模型,研究了476.5, 488, 496.5, 514.5和532 nm激光及其线偏振激光辐照人正常膀胱组织的光学特性。结果表明：组织对激光及线偏振激光的总衰减系数和散射系数均随着波长的增大而减小,而且线偏振激光与非线偏振激光入射是有明显的差异。吸收系数是随着波长的增大而缓慢地减小,但有一些起伏,而与是否线偏振光入射无明显差异。平均散射余弦也是随着波长的增大而减小,而且线偏振激光与非线偏振激光入射是有明显的差异。光学穿透深度则是随着波长的增大而增大,而有一些起伏。折射率在这5个波长范围内的值在(1.37～1.44)之间。Kubelka-Munk二流模型下组织对同一波长的激光及其线偏振激光的吸收系数、散射系数、总衰减系数和有效衰减系数没有显著性差异(P＞0.05)。组织对不同波长的激光或其线偏振激光的吸收系数、散射系数、总衰减系数和有效衰减系数则有些是有明显的差异。     

Multiphoton ionization of the hydrogen atom exposed to circularly or linearly polarized laser pulses

This paper studies the multiphoton ionization of the hydrogen atom exposed to the linearly or circularly polarized laser pulses by solving the time-dependent Schr?dinger equation. It finds that the ratio of the ionization probabilities by linearly and circularly polarized laser pulses varies with the numbers of absorbing photons. With the same laser intensity, the circularly polarized laser pulse favors to ionize the atom with more ease than the linearly polarized laser pulse if only two or three photons are necessary to be absorbed. For the higher order multiphoton ionization, the linearly polarized laser pulse has the advantage over circularly polarized laser pulse to ionize the atom.     

Modifications of roughness and wettability properties of metals induced by femtosecond laser treatment

Topographic and wetting properties of AISI 316L stainless steel and Ti-6Al-V alloys were modified via linearly polarized femtosecond laser pulse irradiation. In order to induce a gradual evolution of the surface topography and wettability, four samples of each alloy were irradiated with different number of pulses. From the topographic point of view, a multi-scale morphology made of nano- and micro-periodic ripples was induced. The increase in the number of pulses led to the appearance of a third scale structure of waviness that is due to the laser scanning. The wettability of alloys was changed from a hydrophilic behavior to a hydrophobic one without lowering surface energies by chemical coatings. The apparent contact angle (CA) increased with increasing the number of pulses. A rise of about 50° of the apparent CA of the Ti-6Al-V was noticed.     

Circular ripple formation on the silicon wafer surface after interaction with linearly polarized femtosecond laser pulses in air and water environments

Ultrashort laser pulse interaction with the surface of silicon wafer in air and water environments is investigated. Ti:sapphire laser with 40 femtosecond laser pulses at 790 nm and 10 Hz repetition rate was used. The ablation threshold of the silicon surface in the air was determined to be about 0.28 J cm^?2. The surface morphology was studied by using scanning electron microscope images. The size of the regular ripples formed in the air environment is a little smaller than the laser wavelength. Due to the nonlinear interaction and self-focusing before the target, the ripples size reduced to nearly a half of the laser wavelength in the water. Moreover, the spikes’ structure formation and their diameter in air and water were studied. Two regimes for spike formation in water are proposed that can explain the anomalous decrease of the spikes’ diameter in higher fluence. During the interaction of single linearly polarized femtosecond laser pulse with the surface, an irregular ripple formation that called circular ripple is observed. This structure which is a result of radiation pressure implies to the surface by the end of the pulse. A new physical model for interpretation of the circular ripples formation based on the ponderomotive force of an ultrashort pulse laser is proposed which can predict the size of the circular ripples. The calculated results are in accordance with our experimental findings.     

Formation of periodic surface nanostructures on Ti:Al2O3 crystals using femtosecond laser pulses

Periodic surface nanostructures are observed on Ti³⁺:Al₂O₃ single crystals that have been irradiated by a single focused beam from a femtosecond pulsed laser (wavelength: 800 nm; pulse duration: 130 and 152 fs). Atomic force microscopy images of single-ablated zones and modified structures created by fixing and translating samples through the focal region of a linearly polarized laser beam reveal self-organized periodic surface nanostructures (ripples) with a subwavelength spacing, which are oriented perpendicular to the electric-field vector of the laser beam. The period of the subwavelength ripples obtained by linearly polarized laser irradiation varies from ∼λ/5 to 2λ/5 (λ: incident laser wavelength) depending on the laser pulse energy. This phenomenon can be explained by assuming that the incident light field interferes with the electric field of electron plasma waves propagating inside the material; this interference periodically modulates the electron plasma density and modifies the surface ablation. In addition, for the first time, we observe screw-shaped nanostructures in the focal spot of circularly polarized beam irradiation. The morphology of these nanostructures appears to reflect the circular polarization of the laser light.     

人膀胱癌组织对不同波长的激光及其线偏振激光的衰减特性比较研究

采用双积分球系统和光辐射测量技术的基本原理以及运用生物组织的光学模型,研究了4765,488,4965,5145,532nm激光及其线偏振激光辐照人膀胱癌组织的光衰减特性。结果表明在5个不同的激光波长范围内,KubelkaMunktwoflux模型下的人膀胱癌组织对不同波长的激光及线偏振激光的衰减特性是不同的,人膀胱癌组织对4765,4965,532nm激光及其线偏振激光的总衰减系数或有效衰减系数均具有显著性差异(P<005),而对488,5145nm波长的激光及其线偏振激光的总衰减系数或有效衰减系数则均没有显著性差异(P>005),人膀胱癌组织对532nm激光及其线偏振激光的总衰减系数或有效衰减系数均明显大于其他4个波长的Ar 激光及其线偏振激光的总衰减系数或有效衰减系数。在传输理论下人膀胱癌组织对5个不同波长的激光及其线偏振激光的总衰减系数均随着波长的增大而减小,人膀胱癌组织对4765,4965,5145nm波长的激光及其线偏振激光的总衰减系数均有显著性差异(P<005),其对488,532nm波长的激光及其线偏振激光的总衰减系数均没有显著性差异(P>005)。     

Extreme-ultraviolet harmonic generation near 13 nm with a two-color elliptically polarized laser field

Theoretical results for high-harmonic generation by a two-color elliptically polarized laser field are presented. Special emphasis is placed on coherent radiation near 13 nm in connection with the development of extreme-ultraviolet lithography. Linearly polarized radiation at this wavelength can be obtained with a linearly polarized bichromatic laser field, whereas circularly polarized radiation can be generated with a bichromatic circularly polarized field with counterrotating coplanar components. In both cases the harmonic emission efficiencies at the saturation intensity are more than 1 order of magnitude larger than for harmonic generation with a monochromatic linearly polarized field.     

超强激光-等离子体相互作用过程中的辐射阻尼效应

基于包含辐射阻尼效应的电子运动方程,通过坐标变换,分析了圆极化和线极化超强激光在等离子体中传播时,辐射阻尼效应对电子运动的影响。结果表明:两种极化情况下,辐射阻尼效应都随等离子体密度的增大而增强;在圆极化激光中,激光强度在1023~1026 W/cm2范围(对应于不同的等离子体密度)时,辐射阻尼效应将对电子的运动产生显著的反作用,而对于线极化激光,只有当激光强度远大于极限光强时,辐射阻尼效应才对电子的运动有明显的作用。     

Gas-diffusion-controlled solid-electrolyte oxygen sensors

The solid-state electrochemical cell O₂,Pt/ZrO₂(Y₂O₃)/Pt,O₂ was provided with a diffusion barrier of a porous material on the cathode side. On polarisation, limiting currents could be measured which depended linearly on the oxygen concentration. The type of diffusion in the applied diffusion barrier determined the pressure and temperature dependence of such cells. Diffusion barriers with pure bulk diffusion and such with Knudsen diffusion could be prepared. The application of bulk diffusion was advantageous. The stationary oxygen-limiting current is in this case independent of the total pressure and depends only on the mole fraction.     

Effect of UV irradiation on the structural,optical and electrical properties of platinum

Investigations are performed on thermal, optical and electrical response of UV laser-irradiated platinum (Pt). 4N pure, annealed and fine polished samples are exposed to the KrF Excimer laser (248 nm, 20 ns, 50 mJ) under vacuum ～10^?6 torr at different laser fluences (0.5–2.5 J/cm²). Space-resolved plasma plume dynamics is studied by analyzing the captured plume images with the help of a computer controlled image-grabbing system. The irradiated targets are characterized for surface morphology, structural, optical and electrical investigations using the diagnostics; scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, rotating compensator auto-aligned ellipsometer and four-point probe, respectively. The value of maximum intensity emitted by Pt plasma plume is 250 grey scales. Surfaces of the target metals are modified by craters, moltens and redeposited material. Laser-induced periodic surface structures are produced at low laser fluence. Irradiation of Pt causes changes in diffracted X-rays intensity and grain sizes, dislocation in line densities and strain in the target materials. Considerable changes occur in optical parameters as well. A decrease in electrical conductivity of the irradiated targets also takes place in an exponential way with the change in laser fluence.     

飞秒激光诱导硒化锌晶体表面自组织生长纳米结构

 以250 kHz高重复频率钛宝石飞秒激光聚焦到硒化锌晶体表面,利用扫描电子显微镜观测飞秒激光辐照后晶体的表面结构。发现线偏振激光辐照的区域形成了自组织周期性纳米结构,其周期为160 nm左右,并且可以通过改变激光的偏振方向调节纳米光栅结构的取向;当晶体相对于激光光束以10 mm/s速度移动,经激光扫描后,在晶体表面形成了长程类布拉格光栅。当飞秒激光光束为圆偏振光时,辐照区域形成均匀的纳米颗粒。     

氧原子在Pt(111)表面和次表层的吸附与扩散

氧原子在Pt表面的吸附和扩散是理解氧化和腐蚀等问题的基础.基于密度泛函理论和周期平板模型研究了氧原子在Pt(111)表面及次表层的吸附,通过扫描隧道显微镜(STM)的理论计算分析了吸附的结构特征.采用CI-NEB方法讨论了氧原子在Pt(111)表面和次表层的扩散过程.研究结果表明氧原子在Pt(111)表面的扩散比较容易,而氧原子向次表层的扩散相对较难,这主要是因为次表层的扩散需要经过一个Pt原子层,必须克服一定的能垒,从而说明过渡金属Pt具有很强的抗氧化性.     

不同偏振飞秒激光经块状材料传输后的脉宽压缩

实验研究了线偏振和圆偏振状态下的飞秒强激光脉冲在块状材料中的传输过程。不同偏振的激光脉冲在传输过程中得到了不同程度的光谱展宽,经色散补偿后,脉冲时域宽度均得到了压缩。详细分析了压缩脉冲的脉宽以及啁啾情况与入射激光脉冲能量之间的关系,比较了飞秒激光在线偏振及圆偏振情况下的不同压缩效果。在线偏振入射光情况下得到了最短21fs的压缩脉冲宽度,在圆偏振情况下得到的最短脉冲宽度为22fs。实验结果表明,这种光谱展宽与色散补偿方式对圆偏振光同样适用,而且圆偏振的入射激光将更有利于对更高能量的脉冲进行压缩。在色散补偿量相同的情况下,压缩效果随入射脉冲能量变化的规律符合理论估计。