大学生大五人格与社交网络主页信息的关系研究

目的 测查大学生人格和社交网络主页信息的关系.方法 以438名大学生为被试,使用60题大五人格量表(NEO-FFI),并对被试人人网主页信息编码.结果 ①高外倾个体和低外倾个体的好友数量[(2.47±0.29)个,(2.34±0.27)个,F=17.861,P=0.000]、分享数量[(2.51±0.56)个,(2.32±0.57)个,F=8.617,P=0.004]、相片数量[(2.30 ±0.51)张,(2.14 ±0.56)张,F=5.523,P=0.02]差异有统计学意义;②神经质和日志数量(0.66 ±0.71)、相片数量(1.92 ±0.83)呈U型相关(t=2.258,P=0.024;t=2.115,P=0.035);③宜人性高低两组的好友数量[(2.38±0.31)个,(2.39±0.27)个,F=0.149,P=0.700]、收到礼物数量[(1.30±0.52)个,(1.26±0.45)个,F=0.257,P=0.613]差异没有统计学意义.④高开放性个体和低开放性个体的使用分享功能的数量[(2.46 ±0.57)个,(2.29±0.58)个,F=5.248,P=0.023]差异有统计学意义;⑤高责任心个体和低责任心个体的日志数量[(1.08±0.49)篇,(0.96±0.48)篇,F=3.064,P=0.082]差异有统计学意义(边缘).结论 不同人格特点的大学生的社交网主页信息差异明显.     

大学生自信与人格特征的关系

目的 了解大学生的自信特点,探讨自信与人格特征的关系.方法 采用个人评价问卷(PEI)和艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)对526名大学生进行测评.结果 ①男生自信得分[(144.71±16.04)分]高于女生[(141.13±15.76)分,t=2.558,P＜0.05];城市学生自信得分[(145.14±15.66)分]高于农村学生[(141.54±15.99)分,t=2.394,P＜0.05];独生子女自信得分[(146.50 ±16.76)分]高于非独生子女[(141.57±15.61)分,t=2.910,P＜0.01];不同年级大学生自信差异有显著性(F=2.708,P＜0.05).②自信与内外向呈显著正相关(r=0.548,P＜0.01),与神经质(r=-0.207,P＜0.01)及精神质(r=-0.476,P＜0.01)呈显著负相关.结论 大学生自信存在性别、家庭所在地、是否为独生子女及年级差异,并且与人格特征密切相关.     

中国汉族女性复发性抑郁症患者大五人格特征的对照研究

目的 探讨中国汉族女性复发性抑郁症患者的人格特征.方法 采用大五人格问卷( The Big Five Inventory,BFI),对118例中国汉族女性复发性抑郁症患者以及65例性别、种族、文化背景基本匹配的健康女性进行对照研究.结果 中国汉族女性复发性抑郁症患者在大五人格的外倾性[(17.93±5.43)分]、尽责性[(30.24±5.94)分]以及开放性[(30.03 ±7.33)分]维度上的得分较健康对照[(20.72±3.79)分、(31.94 ±3.84)分、(32.75 ±5.32)分]低,而在神经质维度上的得分[(27.57 ±6.19)分]较健康对照[(21.38±3.91)分]高,且差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).进一步以组别为因变量(病例组VS 对照组),以外倾性、尽责性、开放性以及神经质得分为自变量建立二项logistic回归模型以评价每一个人格维度对复发性抑郁症的单独影响,结果只有外倾性(OR=0.881,95％ CI =0.083～0.966,P=0.007)以及神经质(OR=1.225,95％ CI=1.134～1.323,P＜0.01)与中国汉族女性复发性抑郁症之间的联系具有统计学意义.结论 大五人格模型中,外倾性和神经质可能作为一个独立的人格特质,分别通过正、反两方面对中国汉族女性复发性抑郁症产生作用.     

0～3岁不同养育方式对初中生行为和情绪的影响

目的 比较0～3岁时分别采用隔代养育、亲子养育的初中生的行为、情绪是否存在差异.方法 采用一般情况问卷(自拟)、青少年自评量表(YSR)、青少年生活事件自评量表(ASLEC)对某初中66名0～3岁时隔代养育初中生(研究组)和67名0～3岁时亲子养育的初中生(对照组)进行测评.结果 隔代养育经历初中生YSR量表的不适体诉、社交、思维、违纪行为、攻击行为、外向性分量表得分以及YSR量表总分同对照组相比差异具有统计学意义:不适体诉[(2.93±2.83)分,(2.00±2.35)分,t=2.08,P＜0.05];社交问题[(3.56±2.20)分,(2.42±1.99)分,t=3.15,P＜0.01];思维问题[(3.29±3.26)分,(2.16±2.29)分,t=2.30,P＜0.05];违纪行为[(2.77±2.33)分,(2.01±1.60)分,t=2.19,P＜0.05];攻击行为[(7.89±6.32)分,(5.96±4.66)分,t=2.01,P＜0.05];外向性[(10.67±8.07)分,(7.97±5.61)分,t=2.19,P＜0.05];YSR总分[(42.64±22.76)分,(33.61±19.25)分,t=2.47,P＜0.05].在控制了生活事件量表总分的混杂因素的影响后协方差统计分析的结果显示,隔代养育经历初中生只在YSR量表的社交问题分量表得分同对照组相比差异具有统计学意义[3.454分,2.523分,F=7.351,P＜0.01].结论 初中生的行为、情绪可能受多方面因素的影响;婴幼儿期的隔代养育经历对初中生的社交方面存在着影响;隔代养育时祖辈对被养育儿社交能力的培养可能需要加强.     

青少年网络成瘾者及其父母社会心理因素的研究

目的 探讨青少年网络成瘾者及其父母的个性特征、父母教养方式.方法 采用病例对照研究对64名青少年网络成瘾者和56名健康青少年学生进行艾森克人格问卷、父母教养方式问卷的测试.所有统计处理均采用社会科学统计分析软件包SPSS11.5完成.结果 1.艾森克人格问卷评定显示,研究组的精神质[(55.67±8.63)分]、神经质[(55.62±12.55)分]得分显著高于对照组[(42.38±6.79)分,(46.58±14.12)分]得分(P<0.01),外向性因子得分低于对照组[(42.82±10.28)分,(48.52±10.44)分](P<0.05);研究组母亲的神经质得分显著高于对照组[(53.66±11.06)分,(47.98±8.36)分](P<0.01).研究组在孤独、羞涩、自尊、抑郁得分高于对照组(P<0.05).2.父母教养方式评定显示,研究组父母的拒绝否认、惩罚严厉得分显著高于对照组(P<0.01),母亲的情感温暖理解得分低于对照组(P<0.05).结论 青少年网络成瘾的发病有一定的人格基础.青少年网络成瘾者母亲的人格存在缺陷,对网络成瘾者的个性的影响较大.     

暴力网络游戏成瘾初中生人格特点及其社会属性

目的 探讨网络暴力游戏成瘾初中生人格特点及其社会属性.方法 于2008年8～12月整群随机抽取大连8所初中生6000人,采用自制网络游戏调查表和陈氏网络成瘾量表(CLAS)筛查网络游戏成瘾者,同时采用网络成瘾诊断标准对阳性者进行复核确认,筛出149名(2.5%)网络游戏成瘾者,按性别和年龄被分成两组,即暴力游戏和娱乐游戏成瘾两组,(各组66名,男性55名,女性11名),平均年龄(14.36±0.81)岁;按性别和年龄匹配,抽出66名不玩游戏初中生作对照.采用艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)、MMPI-AF评估成瘾青少年人格特质及人格社会属性.结果 三组初中生在精神病质和神经质方面差异显著(P＜0.05),网络暴力游戏成瘾初中生组的精神病质[(50.60±5.10)分;(50.40±6.30)分;(46.81±4.62)分;F=10.32,P=0.000]和神经质都高于娱乐游戏成瘾和非游戏组[(51.74±5.70)分;(49.03±6.85)分;(4 9.25±6.09)分,F=3.83,P=0.023];外显焦虑[(55.29±9.58)分;(45.11±8.31)分;(43.24±8.32)分]、依赖性[(58.90±9.09)分;(55.97±8.63)分;(54.05±11.39)分]、社会责任感[(37.47±12.4I)分;(43.25±11.24)分;(46.34±14.37)分]在三组之间差异显著(F1-3=36.17,4.11,8.23;P＜0.05);外显焦虑和依赖性在暴力成瘾组显著高于娱乐成瘾组(P＜0.05),社会责任感分值在暴力游戏成瘾组显著低于不玩游戏组(P＜0.05).结论 暴力游戏成瘾的初中生具有精神病质和神经质的人格特质;暴力网络游戏成瘾组的外显焦虑和依赖性强,而责任感差.     

大学生对熟知同学人格特征社会认知的性别差异

目的 探讨大学生被试对熟知同学人格特征社会认知的正确性,及其性别上的差异.方法 采用中文版"大五"人格量表,让84名大学生自己和熟知者在该量表上对其人格特征进行评定.统计分析自己评定与熟知者评定之间的相关性,并对双方评定数据进行相关样本的t检验分析.结果 女大学生在外倾性、开放性人格维度上,对熟知者评定与熟知者自己评定之间相关显著(r=0.564,P<0.01;r=0.508,P<0.01);在神经质、外倾性和认真性维度上,女大学生对熟知者的评定[分别为(21.20±3.95)分,(27.33±5.36)分,(30.76±5.18)分]与熟知者自己评定[分别为(24.76±5.01)分,(25.42±5.53)分,(28.51±4.85)分]之间差异有显著性(t=4.254, P<0.01;t=2.519,P<0.05;t=2.384,P<0.05);男大学生只在外倾性维度上,对熟知者评定与熟知者自己评定之间相关显著(r=0.404,P<0.05);在外倾性和认真性维度上,男大学生对熟知者的评定[分别为(28.28±5.21)分,(30.79±5.37)分]与熟知者自己评定[分别为(25.90±5.10)分,(28.18±5.81)分]之间差异有显著性(t=2.646 P<0.05;t=2.315,P<0.05).结论 大学生对熟知同学人格认知的准确性,有不同维度和性别上的差异性;并且大学生存在从社会期许和对同学有利的方向去评价熟知同学人格特征的倾向.     

黑龙江省中级刑警人格及应对方式分析

目的探讨中级刑警的人格及应对方式特征.方法采用艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)和简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)对236名黑龙江省中级刑警进行现况调查.结果中级刑警的精神质(P)维度得分[(5.64±3.00)分]明显低于常模[(7.32±3.29)分](P＜0.01),内外倾(E)、神经质(N)维度得分[E:(12.67±3.80)分;N:(11.70±4.41)分]明显高于常模[(9.65±4.37)分,(10.23±4.59)分](P＜0.01,P＜0.01).各年龄组的P分刑警组低于常模(P＜0.05),E分刑警组高于常模(P＜0.05),40～49岁组N分[(11.66±4.52)分]刑警组高于常模[(9.23±4.74)分](P＜0.01).刑警的积极应对方式均分[(1.96±0.45)分]高于常模[(1.78±0.52)分](P＜0.01),消极应对方式均分[(1.45±0.61)分]低于常模[(1.59±0.66)分](P＜0.01).精神质维度得分与积极应对方式均分呈负相关(r=-0.20,P＜0.01),与消极应对方式均分呈正相关(r=0.20,P＜0.01).内外倾维度得分与积极应对方式均分呈正相关(r=0.25,P＜0.01),神经质维度得分与消极应对方式均分呈正相关(r=0.44,P＜0.05).结论黑龙江省中级刑警的人格特征及应对方式与普通人群存在明显不同,有其职业本身的特点.     

4～6年级小学生社交焦虑与自尊及自我意识的关系

目的 探索4～6年级小学生社交焦虑情况及与自尊和自我意识的关系.方法 分层随机抽取重庆市主城区的3所小学校(重点、普通及农民工小学各l所)的568名在校4～6年级小学生,采用儿童社交焦虑量表(SASC)、Pies-Harris 儿童自我意识量表、自尊量表(SES)对小学生进行问卷调查.结果 ①小学生总社交焦虑及两大因子得分显著高于中国城市常模(P＜0.01);②女生的社交焦虑总分及害怕否定评价[(4.84±4.26)分,(3.08±2.91)分)]高于男生[(4.12±3.95)分,(2.54±2.63)分,P＜0.05];随年级的增高,六年级学生害怕否定评价的得分[(3.22±2.82)分]高于五年级[(2.53±2.76)分,P＜0.01]和四年级[(2.54±2.68)分,P＜0.05];农民工小学、单亲家庭和收入相对低的家庭者社交焦虑得分较高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);③小学生总社交焦虑及两大因子与其自尊水平呈显著正相关( r=0.305,0.282,0.270),与自我意识及各因子呈不同程度的负相关(r=-0.202～-0.511),相关均达到显著性(P＜0.01);④小学生害怕否定评价能被自我意识中的焦虑和合群解释占25.5％;社交回避及苦恼能被自我意识中的焦虑、合群和智力与学校情况解释占20.4％;总的社交焦虑能被自我意识中的焦虑和合群解释占28.2％.结论 4～6年级小学生有较高的社交焦虑水平;不同性别、年级、学校、家庭结构、家庭月收入的小学生社交焦虑水平存在差异,其社交焦虑与自我意识和自尊水平密切相关.     

父母权威和心理控制及依恋对不同生长地医学生社交焦虑的影响

目的 探讨医学生社交焦虑与父母权威、心理控制以及依恋的关系,为更好的解决医学生心理健康问题提供理论依据.方法 采用社交恐怖症量表(SPIN)、父母权威问卷(PAQ)、父母心理控制量表以及父母依恋量表(IPA)对某医学院校大一、大二全体2105医学生进行调查.结果 被试医学生SPIN得分为(17.75±10.47)分,女生得分高于男生,但无统计学意义[(17.97±10.44)分,(17.29±10.52)分,t=-1.305,P=0.192],生长地为农村的学生得分显著高于城市学生[(19.47±10.60)分,(15.85±10.01)分,t=-7.478,P＜0.01];逐步回归分析显示,父亲沟通和母亲权威是城市医学生社交焦虑的保护因素,父亲情感回应不当、母亲疏远、父亲不正确教育观点、母亲沟通是危险因素;而对农村医学生,父亲沟通为保护因素,母亲疏远和母亲专制是危险因素.结论 医学生社交焦虑受父母权威和心理控制及依恋等因素的影响,但城乡间影响因素不尽相同,所以在对家长开展健康教育时需要考虑这些因素.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.