香港老年社区护理特点与启迪

对香港老年社区护理特点进行阐述,其主要特点为成熟的医院外展服务、多部门合作构建的老年照护体系、全面的医护服务内容、从老年人及其家庭的需求出发不断创新。建议针对我国老年社区护理的发展,开展社区老年照护需求的调查;建立社区与医院间的双向转介;发展多种护老方式,构建老年照护体系;考虑老年人的需求,将部分医院服务内容引入社区。     

我国老年护理人力资源面临的问题与对策

综述我国老年护理人力资源面临的问题,包括老年护理人员数量严重匮乏、老年护理人员综合素质不高和老年护理教育滞后,分析问题产生的原因,并提出相应的开发老年护理人力资源的对策,旨在更好地发展我国老年护理事业,使老年护理逐步走向专业化。     

老年护理现状与展望

随着社会和经济的发展 ,人们生活水平不断提高 ,人均寿命普遍延长 ,人口老龄化日益明显 [1] 。作为当今世界众所瞩目的问题 ,我国政府及卫生部门给予了高度的重视 ,强调宣传健康老龄化的新观念。特别是护理专家和专业人员对老年护理进行了深入的研究和探讨 ,取得了一定的成效。本文就我国老年护理现状与展望综述如下。1　我国人口老龄化现状1 .1　我国进入老龄化社会1 990年以来 ,我国老龄人口以平均每年 3.32 %的速度增长。根据国家统计局 1 997年第 4次人口普查公布的结果 ,老年人占全国人口的 8.5 0 % ;于1 999年 1 0月宣布 ,到 1 999年…     

老年骨折病人流行病学特征及社区护理对策

回顾性调查862例老年骨折住院病人病历资料,分析其流行病学特征.认为社区应重点关注老年女性,预防骨折重点在防止跌倒和车祸的发生.     

社区护理干预对老年类风湿关节炎病人的影响

目的提 高社区老年类风湿关节炎病人的生活质量。方法 对152例社区老年类风湿关节炎(RA)病人的病残分级、日常活动能力、生活满意度等进行评估，根据评估结果进行心理调节、饮食指导、气候环境指导、理疗针灸治疗、医疗体育锻炼及自理能力训练等社区护理干预。结果持续干预1年后病人病残分级、日常生活能力、生活满意度显著优于干预前(P＜0．05，P＜0．01)，干预有效率达73．0％。结论 针对性的社区护理干预能有效促进老年RA病人病情的良性转归，改善生活质量。     

社区老年患者护理需求的调查研究

目的研究社区老年患者对护理方法和护理方式的需求。方法采用前瞻性开放研究,2010年3月～2010年9月以笔者所在医院服务的586名社区老年患者为调查对象,采用自行设计的统一调查表实施调查,并进行统计学分析。结果护理方法首选医护人员个别指导,其次是社区医护人员讲解示范;社区护理方式首选电话咨询,其次是医护人员家访。结论随着生活水平的提高和社区医疗服务的不断普及,尤其是针对老年患者慢性疾病的社区护理,在老年人群中越来越得到认可和欢迎,因此完善社区护理服务网络,提高服务质量是目前的急需解决的任务和面临的挑战。     

老年正常高值血压人群的社区护理干预研究

目的探讨60岁以上正常高值血压老年人群社区护理干预的效果,为社区建立有效的干预方案提供依据。方法整群随机抽取12个居委会60岁以上正常高值血压人员,干预组6个居民区筛选出研究对象398人,签订合作管理合同,建立正常高值血压者专档,实施健康教育、生活方式干预、心理干预、督促治疗相关病、定期血压监测、行为因素评估、年度健康体检等社区护理综合干预措施;对照组6个居民区筛选出研究对象401人,建立正常高值血压者专档,开展书面健康指导、发放健康教育资料、每季血压监测、年度健康体检等干预,干预期为30个月。结果行为变化、体检指标、血压值及高血压检出率干预组显著优于及低于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论对社区老年正常高值血压人群实施系统的综合干预,可有效控制血压,降低心脑血管病的危险因素和高血压发病率。     

介绍香港老年护理

2002年3月9日至3月30日,在香港护士训练及教育基金会的邀请下,笔者有幸参观了香港几家医院的老年病房、日间医院、老年人家庭、老人院,亲眼目睹了香港的老年     

对高脂血症老年人实施社区护理干预的效果

目的观察社区护理干预对辖区老年人血脂的影响。方法对辖区≥60岁且血脂异常的93名老年人采取护理干预，如建立健康档案、入户访视或电话随访、定期用药指导、体格检查、上门服务、发放健康教育知识手册等，于干预前后分别进行体检，采集静脉血栓测胆固醇和三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白。结果护理干预前后老年人胆固醇、三酰甘油和低密度脂蛋白比较，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。结论实施社区护理干预措施可有效降低老年人血脂水平，改善老年人身体状况，提高老年人生活质量。     

城市社区老年糖尿病患者护理需要及影响因素调查

目的了解城市社区老年糖尿病患者护理需要及其影响因素,为社区防治糖尿病提供相应的意见建议。方法采取多阶段分层随机抽样方法,从3 363名老年人中筛选出糖尿病患者进行护理需要的调查。结果 3 363名老年人中糖尿病老年患者532例,糖尿病患病率15.82%。社区护理需要项目按需要比例排在前5位的依次是定期体检(92.48%)、糖尿病检查和治疗方法(75.94%)、饮食治疗(73.49%)、降糖药物用法(72.74%)、提供固定时间复诊(71.62%)。BMI、药物治疗情况、空腹血糖值及文化程度不同程度影响糖尿病老年人的护理需要(P0.05,P0.01)。结论城市社区老年糖尿病患者护理需要较高。在社区护理工作中,应满足老年糖尿病患者的护理需要,增强健康宣传教育,促进老年人的身心健康。政府和社区应加强对老年人糖尿病的预防和控制,制定综合性的糖尿病防治措施。     

城镇社区老年人家庭护理研究

目的探讨建立符合本省实际情况、满足城镇居民家庭护理需求的护理服务模式.方法在为老年人建立健康档案和对慢性病老年人调查家庭护理需求的基础上,采用便利抽样法确定研究对象,发放家庭护理保健联系卡、由护士志愿者为其提供免费家庭护理,每周1次,为期1年.结果干预后老年患者的生活质量和患者生活自理情况显著改善(均P<0.01).结论有效的家庭护理能提高老年慢性病患者的生活质量,符合其健康需求.     

城镇社区老年人家庭护理研究

目的 探讨建立符合本省实际情况、满足城镇居民家庭护理需求的护理服务模式。方法 在为老年人建立健康档案和对慢性病老年人调查家庭护理需求的基础上，采用便利抽样法确定研究对象，发放家庭护理保健联系卡、由护士志愿者为其提供免费家庭护理，每周1次，为期1年。结果 干预后老年患者的生活质量和患者生活自理情况显著改善（均P〈0．01）。结论 有效的家庭护理能提高老年慢性病患者的生活质量，符合其健康需求。     

Suicidal burn in Hong Kong

The aim of our study is to review our experience in the management of patients who sustained burns associated with suicidal attempts over a 10-year period. In particular, we look into the outcome and incidence of self-harm/suicide after discharge among the survivors. Thirty-one patients with median age 36 years, ranging from 10 to 74, were included. Twenty-three (74%) were males and eight (26%) were females. Nearly three quarters (74%) of our patients had a known history of psychiatric illness: 11 had known history of substance abuse; 3 of them had drug-induced psychosis; 6 had schizophrenia; 5 had depression; 4 had personality disorders; 1 had pathological gambling and another one had adjustment disorder. Relationship problems and work/financial difficulties were the commonest reason for the suicidal attempts. Self-inflicted flame burn was the most frequent (39%; 12 patients) method of burning. Six patients (19%) died. The remaining 25 patients healed and were discharged. Seventeen patients required ICU care. The median length of stay in ICU was 7 days. The overall median length of stay was 35 days. The median follow up time for those survived is 63 months. Only 4 of these patients had further suicidal/parasuicidal attempts. Despite the high mortality, once these patients survived the initial injury, they are unlikely to commit suicide again. Thus, we believe that aggressive resuscitation should therefore be advocated for all suicidal burn patients.     

Emergency contraception in Hong Kong

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Trauma system in Hong Kong

The presence of a regionalized trauma system has been shown to improve outcome in trauma. Trauma care has undergone significant changes in Hong Kong in recent years. In 2003, five public hospitals were designated as trauma centres. Since then, there has been a progressive improvement in trauma patient outcome in Hong Kong. Trauma centre designation by itself, however, does not constitute a trauma system. The latter is an integration of prehospital care, interhospital transfer, trauma centres, rehabilitation, prevention, education and research. Under the primary trauma diversion policy, trauma patients in Hong Kong are no longer sent to the nearest hospitals, but transferred directly to trauma centres where definitive care can be implemented earlier. The present article describes some of these changes and addresses issues pertinent to the future development of trauma service in Hong Kong.     

Women surgeons in Hong Kong

Objective: To survey Hong Kong women surgeon's current situation: their ability to balance career, personal and family life, and to look into some gender-specific issues. Methods: A 28-item questionnaire online survey was emailed to 142 female and 761 male surgeons with questions asking about four areas: demographic data, job satisfaction, work life balance and work opportunity. Results: Fifty-eight female and 114 male surgeons completed the questionnaire. The mean age of female surgeon respondents was significantly younger than male surgeon respondents (33 vs 43 years, P < 0.001). Both female and male surgeons worked long hours (70% female and 64% male worked >= 60 hours per week, P = 0.402); however, both felt satisfied or very satisfied with their current job situation (74% female and 76% male, P = 0.536) and were happy or very happy with other aspects of their lives (84% female and 82% male). More male respondents were married (83% male vs 35 % female, P < 0.001) and more married men had biological children at the time of the survey (83% male vs 62% female, P = 0.034). Both married males and females had family commitments affecting training, career advancement and overseas training. The majority of male and female surgeons did not experience discrimination during training or career advancement; however, more females felt discriminated against during selection and training processes (25% female vs 12% male, P = 0.001) and during career advancement (18% female vs 10% male, P = 0.013). Conclusion: Our survey results showed that both female and male surgeons are able to combine productive careers with satisfactory personal and family lives. However, both female and male surgeons faced many difficulties in their working lives; women may have more difficulties regarding family issues, as our survey showed that more women surgeons remained single and more married women surgeons had no children. Policies that facilitate a work life balance are important to attract and retain the best and talented physicians, regardless of sex. In view of the increasing number of women surgeons, frequent surveys are needed to determine whether women surgeons experience a working environment that ensures a level playing field.