肝细胞生成素及肝部分切除诱导肝再生基因PC3的表达

目的 观察重组人肝细胞生成素（rhHPO)和肝部分切除迅速诱导瞬时早期反应基因表达情况。方法 利用表达性差异显示分析技术和序列分析研究2／3肝部分切除后1h及原代培养大鼠肝细胞体系的选择性基因表达。结果 揭示EST集中的大部分为瞬时早期反应基因，发现一种可能与肝再生调控相关的新基因PC3，Northern杂交证实2／3肝部分切除可迅速诱导PC3基因的表达，其表达高峰为术后1－2h。HPO在原代培养大鼠肝细胞体系中可迅速诱导瞬时早期反应基因（c-fos,LRF-1和PC3等）表达。结论 HPO和肝部分切除可迅速诱导瞬时早期反应基因表达，PC3基因是一种与肝再生调控密切相关的早期反应基因。     

大鼠肝部分切除后PGE_2对肝再生的作用及TGF-αmRNA在肝细胞再生过程中的表达

本实验分组观察了前列腺素E_2(PGE_2)于不同时间注射对肝部分切除大鼠肝细胞再生的作用.同时测定了再生肝组织内转导生长因子α(TGF-α)mRNA的表达.结果发现,肝部分切除大鼠术前30分钟给予PGE_2,具有促进肝细胞再生的作用,其DNA合成率与对照组相比高1.5倍.而术后30分钟及12小时给药则无此作用.再生肝细胞内,TGF-αmRNA明显高于正常肝组织.本文结论:术前给予PGE_2具有启动和加速肝再生的作用.同时,TGF-α在肝再生过程中也具有相当重要的作用.     

大鼠部分肝切除后肝细胞生长因子激活因子抑制因子1,2的表达

目的探讨肝细胞生长因子激活因子抑制因子(hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor,HAI)1、HAI-2在部分肝切除后的表达特点,分析HAI-1和HAI-2在肝再生中的作用。方法随机将健康雄性SD大鼠分成对照组和肝切除组,各30只。在肝切除手术前和手术后3 h、12 h、24 h以及48 h时,对比2组HAI-1和HAI-2 mRNA和蛋白的表达变化。结果手术前2组HAI-1、HAI-2的mRNA及蛋白均呈显著低表达,组间无明显差异(P0.05);与手术前相比,术后对照组HAI-1、HAI-2的mRNA及蛋白均无明显变化(P0.05);而肝切除组HAI-1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平先显著升高再逐渐下降,同时间点与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);HAI-2 mRNA和蛋白则无明显变化(P0.05)。结论 HAI-1在部分肝切除肝细胞再生过程中呈持续高表达,其可能参与了肝细胞再生过程,而HAI-2对肝再生过程无明显影响。     

肝再生信号转录调控进展

肝再生信号转录是肝再生信号转导过程的重要组成部分，它包括基因转录启动、肝特异基因的转录调控和转录因子的修饰包装，最终发生肝再生转录效应，完成肝再生信号的转录。本就肝再生信号转录调控进展作一综述。     

Notch/Jagged信号在肝部分切除后肝再生中的表达

目的研究Notch/Jagged信号传导通路在大鼠肝部分切除术后肝再生中所起的作用。方法取雌性wister大鼠行肝部分切除术,术后0 min、5 min、15 min、30 min、1 h、3 h、6 h、12 h、1 d、2 d、4 d、7 d留取再生肝组织,观察大体组织变化,检测Notch-1和Jagged-1蛋白的表达,并通过RT-PCR检测Notch-1和Jagged-1的mRNA的表达。结果再生肝Notch-1蛋白第2 d在门脉周围细胞表达增强,第4 d在肝血窦内皮细胞表达增强,Jagged-1在正常肝脏标本中在胆管分布,在肝细胞也有少量表达。在再生的肝上,第2 d在门脉周围的肝细胞上较强地表达,第4 d在胆管内皮细胞表达增强。Notch-1的mRNA表达量在6 h-2 d下调,Jagged-1的mRNA表达量在3-6 h上调,12 h-2 d下调,4 d恢复。统计学处理采用方差分析方法、t检验及直线相关方法（P〈0.05）。结论Notch/Jagged信号通路的激活在肝再生中扮演着重要的角色。它可以促进胆管的形成和结构维持,有助于新生血管的形成及肝细胞的增殖。     

熊脱氧胆酸促进肝脏部分切除后肝细胞再生

目的 探讨熊脱氧胆酸（ｕｒｓｏｄｅｏｘｙｃｈｏｌｉｃ ａｃｉｄ，ＵＤＣＡ）对胆道梗阻肝脏部分切除（ＰＨ）后肝细胞再生的影响。方法Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠随机分为正常７０％肝部分切除组（Ｎ－ＰＨ）、胆道梗阻２周７０％ＰＨ组（ＢＤＯ－ＰＨ）、ＢＤＯ—ＰＨ ＵＤＣＡ治疗组及ＢＤＯ—ＰＨ生理盐水治疗组。观察肝组织学改变，检测７０％ＰＨ后肝细胞ＢｒｄＵ标记、肝内肝细胞生长因子（ＨＧＦ）及其受体Ｍｅｔ ｍＲＮＡ表达。结果 ＵＤＣＡ治疗能促进胆道梗阻后肝功能好转并减轻肝组织学病变；ＵＤＣＡ治疗组大鼠７０％ＰＨ后肝内ＨＧＦ／Ｍｅｔ ｍＲＮＡ高峰表达值均高于ＢＤＯ—ＰＨ组（Ｐ ＜ ０．０５），肝细胞 ＢｒｄＵ高峰标记指数（５９．３９±１０．８２）％高于 ＢＤＯ—ＰＨ组肝细胞 ＢｒｄＵ高峰标记指数（３６．２２±８．３７％（ｔ＝４．１４９，Ｐ＜０．０１），而与Ｎ－ＰＮ组肝细胞ＢｒｄＵ高峰标记指数（６８．６４±１１．２６％）％相比差异无显著性（ｔ＝１．４５１，Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论 ＵＤＣＡ通过缓解胆道梗阻后肝组织损害并上调７０％ＰＨ后肝内ＨＧＦ／Ｍｅｔ ｍＲＮＡ表达，从而促进胆道梗阻肝脏部分切除后肝细胞再生。     

大鼠肝细胞生长因子与肝再生增强因子融合基因真核表达质粒的构建及鉴定

目的 构建大鼠肝细胞生长因子(rHGF)与大鼠肝再生增强因子(rALR)融合基因的真核表达质粒并进行鉴定,为新的肝纤维化治疗方法奠定实验基础.方法 分别以重组质粒pUC18-rHGF和pUC18-rALR为模板,进行PCR扩增,获得rHGF和rALR的基因片段;利用重叠延伸PCR方法将获得的基因片段通过一个连接序列(linker)进行连接,构建融合基因rHGF-linker-rALR,将融合基因定向插入pcDNA3.1真核表达质粒的Kpn Ⅰ和Xba Ⅰ酶切位点之间,构建重组真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1-rHGF-linker-rALR,并进行双酶切及测序鉴定.结果 rHGF和rALR的PCR扩增产物电泳后分别观察到2200 bp和400 bp的条带,与理论值相符.重叠延伸PCR获得的融合基因产物电泳后观察到2600 bp的条带,与预期值一致.重组真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1-rHGF-linker-rALR经双酶切,电泳后观察到2600 bp和5400 bp的两条DNA条带,与预期值相符,测序鉴定结果表明序列正确.结论 成功构建了rHGF与rALR融合基因的真核表达质粒,为肝纤维化的基因治疗奠定了实验基础.     

丹黄方对部分肝叶切除大鼠肝组织中Tec的影响

目的探讨丹黄方对部分肝叶切除大鼠肝组织中Tec mRNA表达的影响。方法采用部分肝叶切除肝再生模型。24只大鼠随机分为假手术组、手术组、丹黄方组和pHGF组。除假手术组外其余三组接受部分肝叶切除手术。从手术前3天至手术后48小时,丹黄方组给与丹黄方灌胃（10g/kg）及腹腔注射生理盐水（4．0ml/kg）,每天一次;促肝细胞生长素（pHGF）组给与生理盐水灌胃（4．0ml／kg）和腹腔注射pHGF（1ml/100g）,每天一次;手术组及假手术组仅给与生理盐水（4．0ml／kg）灌胃和腹腔注射。采用RT—PCR方法检测Tec mRNA的表达。结果丹黄方组肝组织中Tec mRNA的表达显著高于假手术组和手术组,P〈0．01;与pHGF组比较无显著差异,P〉0．05。结论丹黄方具有促进部分肝叶切除大鼠肝组织中Tec mRNA的表达的作用。     

大鼠肝细胞生长因子与肝再生增强因子融合基因真核表达质粒的构建及鉴定

Objective To construct and identify an eukaryotic expression plasmid containing rat hepatocyte growth factor(rHGF)gene and rat augmenter of liver regeneration(rALR)gene,so that to provide experimental basis for developing new treatments of hepatic fibrosis.Methods The gene fragments of rHGF and rALR were amplified from recombinant prokaryotic plasmid pUC18-rHGF and pUC18-rALR by polymerase chain reaction(PCR),respectively,then were spliced by overlap extension PCR with a linker,and the fusion gene rHGF-linker-rALR was constructed.The fusion gene was directionally inserted into the eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1 between restriction sites of Kpn Ⅰ and Xba Ⅰ to construct the recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1-rHGF-linker-rALR,and the new constructed recombinant plasmid was identified by double restriction digestion and DNA sequencing.Results DNA fragments of 2200 bp and 400 bp were observed after the electrophoresis of products amplified from recombinant prokaryotic plasmid pUC18-rHGF and pUC18-rALR,respectively,which was consistent with the theoretical value.The electrophoresis of fusion gene rHGF-linker-rALR obtained by overlap extension PCR technique showed only a 2 600 bp DNA fragment,which was in accordance with the expected value.Electrophoresis of products of pcDNA3.1-rHGF-linker-rALR digested with Kpn Ⅰ and Xba Ⅰ showed two DNA fragments with 2600 bp and 5400 bp,which were both consistent with the expected value.The sequences were confirmed correctly by DNA sequencing.Conclusion The recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1-rHGF-linker-rALR is successfully constructed,which provides experimental basis for developing gene therapy of hepatic fibrosis.     

5-羟色胺2A受体阻断剂对大鼠肝脏再生的影响

目的观察5-羟色胺2A受体阻断剂酮色林对大鼠肝部分切除后肝再生的影响,了解5-羟色胺及其受体在肝脏再生中的作用。方法 80只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为实验组和对照组。采用肝大部分切除术建立肝再生模型,术后16 h分别给予腹腔内注射酮色林（实验组）和生理盐水（对照组）,采用免疫组化及流式细胞技术动态观察并比较两组大鼠术后24、36、48、72 h肝脏Ki67、增殖细胞核抗原的表达情况。结果大鼠肝大部切除术后24、36 h肝脏表达Ki67、增殖细胞核抗原最为活跃,而后表达逐渐下降。实验组大鼠肝脏表达Ki67、增殖细胞核抗原较对照组显著下降（P〈0.05）。结论 5-羟色胺2A受体阻断剂酮色林显著抑制大鼠肝大部切除术后的肝脏再生,说明5-羟色胺具有一定的促进肝再生的作用,2A受体是其重要的信号传导受体之一。     

Expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme in liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy

AIM：To study the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme （TACE） and evaluate its significance in liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in vivo.
METHODS： Male SD rats underwent 70% partial hepatectomy. The remaining liver and spleen tissue samples were collected at indicated time points after hepatectomy. TACE expression was investigated by Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and serial section immunostaining.
RESULTS： Expression of TACE in liver and spleen tissues after partial hepatectomy was a time-dependent alteration, reaching a maximal level between 24 and 48 h and remaining elevated for more than 168 h. TACE protein was localized to mononuclear cells （MNC）, which infiltrated the liver from the spleen after hepatectomy. The kinetics of TACE expression was in accordance with the number of TACE-staining MNCs and synchronized with those of transforming growth factor-α （TGFα）. In addition, TACE-staining MNC partially overlapped with CD3^＋ T lymphocytes.
CONCLUSION： TACE may be involved in liver regeneration by pathway mediated with TGFα-EGFR in the cellcycle progressive phase in vivo. TACE production and effect by paracrine may be a pathway of involvement in liver regeneration for the activated CD3^＋ T lymphocytes.     

Liver structural transformation after partial hepatectomy and repeated partial hepatectomy in rats: A renewed view on liver regeneration

BACKGROUND The phenomenon of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy(PH) is still a subject of considerable interest due to the increasing frequency of half liver transplantation on the one hand, and on the other hand, new surgical approaches which allow removal of massive space-occupying hepatic tumors, which earlier was considered as inoperable. Interestingly, the mechanisms of liver regeneration are extensively studied after PH but less attention is paid to the architectonics of the regenerated organ. Because of this, the question "How does the structure of regenerated liver differ from normal, regular liver?" has not been fully answered yet. Furthermore, almost without any attention is left the liver's structural transformation after repeated hepatectomy(of the re-regenereted liver).To compare the architectonics of the lobules and circulatory bed of normal, regenerated and re-regenerated livers.METHODS The livers of 40 adult, male, albino Wistar rats were studied. 14 rats were subjected to PH-the 1st study group(SG_1); 10 rats underwent repeated PH – the 2nd study group(SG2); 16 rats were subjected to sham operation-control group(CG); The livers were studied after 9 months from PH, and after 6 months from repeated PH. Cytological(Schiff reaction for the determination of DNA concentration), histological(HE, Masson trichrome, CK8 Immunohistochemical marker, transparent slides after Indian Ink injection,), morphometrical(hepatocytes areas, perimeters and ploidy) and Electron Microscopical(Scanning Electron Microscopy of corrosion casts) methods were used.RESULTS In the SG_1 and SG_2, the area of hepatocytes and their perimeter are increased compared to the CG(P 0.05). However, the areas and perimeters of the hepatocytes of the SG_1 and SG_2 groups reveal a lesser difference. In regenerated(SG_1) and re-regenerated(SG_2) livers, the hepatocytes form the remodeled lobules, which size(300-1200 μm) exceeds the sizes of the lobules from CG(300-600 μm). The remodeled lobules(especially the "mega-lobules" with the sizes 1000-1200 μm) contain the transformed meshworks of the sinusoids, the part of which is dilated asymmetrically. This meshwork might have originated from the several portal venules(interlobular and/or inlet). The boundaries between the adjacent lobules(including mega-lobules) are widened and filled by connective tissue fibers, which gives the liver parenchyma a nodular look. In SG_2 the unevenness of sinusoid diameters, as well as the boundaries between the lobules(including the mega-lobules) are more vividly expressed in comparison with SG_1. The liver tissue of both SG_1 and SG_2 is featured by the slightly expressed ductular reaction.CONCLUSION Regenerated and re-regenerated livers in comparison with normal liver contain hypertrophied hepatocytes with increased ploidy which together with transformed sinusoidal and biliary meshworks form the remodeled lobulli.     

生长激素对鼠部分肝切除术后肝再生影响

目的　探讨生长激素对 70 %肝切除后肝再生的影响。方法　 60只SD大鼠随机分为对照组及生长激素组 ,按Higgins方法行 70 %肝切除术 ,术后给药并分批于术后 6、2 4、48、72、96h处死 ,作如下比较 :①残肝肝重 ;②增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)标记指数 ;③图像定量分析法测量PCNA阳性产物面积及灰度值。结果　与对照组比较 ,生长激素组残肝肝重、PCNA标记指数、PCNA阳性产物面积在术后均显著增高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而灰度值则显著降低 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　生长激素具有强烈促进肝细胞增殖和刺激肝再生的作用     

白藜芦醇对部分肝切除术大鼠肝再生和肝组织NK细胞活性的影响*

目的 探讨白藜芦醇(RES)对肝部分切除大鼠肝组织自然杀伤(NK)细胞活性和肝再生的影响。方法 随机将90只SD大鼠分为对照组、小剂量白藜芦醇和大剂量白藜芦醇处理组,各组30只,分别经尾静脉注射生理盐水、白藜芦醇10 g.kg^-1·d^-1和20 g.kg^-1·d^-1,连续5 d,然后行70%肝脏切除术。检测肝脏再生指数,使用流式细胞术测定肝组织NK细胞百分率,采用⁵¹Cr释放法测定NK细胞杀伤活性,采用蛋白印迹法检测肝组织增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)和CyclinD1蛋白表达。结果 在24 h和48 h,大剂量白藜芦醇处理组大鼠肝脏再生指数分别为(1.89±0.04)和(2.45±0.07),显著大于小剂量白藜芦醇处理组【(1.59±0.06)和(2.12±0.05),P<0.05】或对照组【(1.43±0.03)和(1.92±0.05),P<0.05】;大剂量白藜芦醇处理组大鼠NK细胞百分率分别为(24.62±1.36)%和(25.47±1.19)%,显著高于小剂量白藜芦醇处理组【(22.21±1.98)%和(22.36±1.78)%,P<0.05】或对照组【(17.36±1.78)%和(18.65±1.69)%,P<0.05】;大剂量白藜芦醇处理组大鼠NK细胞杀伤活力分别为(48.48±2.69)%和(49.01±2.78)%,显著高于小剂量白藜芦醇处理组【(41.88±2.65)%和(42.32±2.58)%,P<0.05】或对照组【(28.32±2.36)%和(30.12±2.36)%,P<0.05】;大剂量白藜芦醇处理组大鼠肝组织PCNA和CyclinD1蛋白相对表达量显著强于小剂量白藜芦醇处理组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 RES可以促进肝部分切除术大鼠肝再生,可能与增强了NK细胞活性和相关蛋白表达有关。     

Expressed genes in regenerating rat liver after partial hepatectomy

AIM: To reveal the liver regeneration (LR) and its control as well as the occurrence of liver disease and to study the gene expression profiles of 551 genes after partial hepatectomy (PH) in regenerating rat livers. METHODS: Five hundred and fifty-one expressed sequence tags screened by suppression subtractive hybridization were made into an in-house cDNA microarray, and the expressive genes and their expressive profiles in regenerating rat livers were analyzed by microarray and bioinformatics. RESULTS: Three hundred of the analyzed 551 genes were up- or downregulated more than twofolds at one or more time points during LR. Most of the genes were up- or downregulated 2-5 folds, but the highest reached 90 folds of the control. One hundred and thirty-nine of them showed upregulation, 135 displayed downregulation, and up or down expression of 26 genes revealed a dependence on regenerating livers. The genes expressed in 24-h regenerating livers were much more than those in the others. Cluster analysis and generalization analysis showed that there were at least six distinct temporal patterns of gene expression in the. regenerating livers, that is, genes were expressed in the immediate early phase, early phase, intermediate phase, early-late phase, late phase, terminal phase. CONCLUSION: In LR, the number of down-regulated genes was almost similar to that of the upregulated genes; the successively altered genes were more than the rapidly transient genes. The temporal patterns of gene expression were similar 2 and 4 h, 12 and 16 h, 48 and 96 h, 72 and 144 h after PH. Microarray combined with suppressive subtractive hybridization can effectively identify the genes related to LR.