同时基于氢键和卤键的尿素含碘衍生物对卤素阴离子的识别机理北大核心CSCD

采用密度泛函B3LYP(Becke,three-parameter,Lee-Yang-Parr)量子化学理论方法探讨了同时基于氢键和卤键者两种弱相互作用的尿素无氟含碘衍生物对卤素阴离子(F-,Cl-,Br-和I-)的识别机理,结果发现尿素衍生物受体分子A以其结构中的两个N-H键和两个C-I与卤素阴离子间形成四齿弱键进行识别.其中包括2个N-H…X-红移氢键和2个C-I…X-蓝移卤键弱相互作用.另外,经BSSE校正后的A…F-,A…Cl-,A…Br-和A…I-分子识别体系中相互作用能ΔECP分别为-48.90,-121.78,-311.42和-96.55kJ/mol,从结合强度上来看,受体A对Br-和Cl-具有较好的识别能力,而对F-的识别能力相对较弱.此外,采用自然键轨道(NBO)理论分析了C…X-(X=F-,Cl-,Br-和I-)识别体系中红移氢键和蓝移卤键的电子行为与性质.     

同时基于氢键和卤键的尿素含碘衍生物对卤素阴离子的识别机理

采用密度泛函B3LYP(Becke, three-parameter, Lee-Yang-Parr)量子化学理论方法探讨了同时基于氢键和卤键者两种弱相互作用的尿素无氟含碘衍生物对卤素阴离子（F-,Cl-,Br-和I-）的识别机理, 结果发现尿素衍生物受体分子A以其结构中的两个N-H键和两个C-I与卤素阴离子间形成四齿弱键进行识别. 其中包括2个N-H…X-红移氢键和2个C-I…X-蓝移卤键弱相互作用. 另外, 经BSSE校正后的A…F-, A…Cl-, A…Br-和A…I-分子识别体系中相互作用能ΔECP分别为-48.90, -121.78, -311.42和-96.55 kJ/mol, 从结合强度上来看, 受体A对Br-和Cl-具有较好的识别能力, 而对F-的识别能力相对较弱. 此外, 采用自然键轨道(NBO)理论分析了C…X-（X= F-,Cl-,Br-和I-）识别体系中红移氢键和蓝移卤键的电子行为与性质.     

在Au(111)表面酞菁单分子与钴原子可控金属化反应（英文）

本文利用低温扫描隧道显微术和第一性原理计算研究了吸附在Au(111)表面的酞菁分子(_H2Pc)与Co原子在单分子水平上的金属化反应过程.通过扫描探针的操纵手段,以可控的方式原位实现了单个H2Pc分子与钴原子反应生成CoPc的金属化酞菁产物,揭示出源于H_2Pc和Co原子的π-d相互作用的中间过程.结合第一性原理计算和中间产物的图像模拟,进一步阐明了这一氧化还原反应中成键和断键的关键机制,即脱氢和金属化过程并非由Co原子和吡咯环的H作用所致,而与Co原子和吡咯环上的N原子之间的作用有关.     

团簇Aun+1-1、AunCr-1 (n=1-10)吸附CO的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论对CO在阴离子团簇Aun+1-1、AunCr-1(n=1-10))表面的吸附做了系统研究.结果表明,团簇Aun+1CO-1、AunCrCO-1的基态结构是在团簇Aun+1-1、AunCr-1最低能量结构的基础上吸附CO形成; 吸附后的CO键长变长,振动频率减小,表明CO分子被活化;取值相同时,AunCrCO-1的平均结合能高,表明团簇Aun+1CO-1掺杂Cr后稳定性升高.HOMO-LOMO能隙结果表明Aun+1CO-1替代掺杂Cr原子后团簇的化学活性得到了提升,AunCrCO-1、Aun+1CO-1团簇能隙具有奇偶振荡的现象;轨道电荷分析表明CO与团簇相互作用实质是C原子与成键Au原子或Cr原子间转移电荷,CO在与团簇相互作用过程中O原子轨道电荷分布几乎没有发生变化.     

He原子与N2分子相互作用势的理论研究

用量子力学从头算方法深入研究了He原子与N2分子的相互作用势,用不同的方法和基组计算了该体系的各项异性相互作用势的单点能数据,得出了空间势能面的分布情况,并选定CCSD(T)/6-311++G(3df,2pd)方法和基组,同时采用了Boys和Bernardi提出的Full Couterpoise方法,消除了计算中的基组重叠误差,得出了较为准确的He-N2体系相互作用势的解析表达式.通过计算得到的微分截面与实验值符合较好,同时得出了不同碰撞能量时He原子与N2分子碰撞的微分截面的规律.     

NH3分子在LiH(100)表面吸附的第一性原理研究

采用第一性原理方法研究了NH3分子在LiH(100)晶面的表面吸附情况. 通过研究LiH(100) /NH3体系的吸附位置、吸附能和电子结构,发现NH3分子在Li3N (100)晶面主要是化学吸附,初始位置为NH3分子中N-H键在Li顶位时失去一个H原子,并在LiH(110)面形成NH2基,其吸附能为0.511 eV,属于强化学吸附,吸附作用最强. 此时NH2基与附近H原子和Li原子之间为离子键作用,NH2基中N—H键为共价键;NH3分子中另一个H原子与LiH表面的一个H原子形成一个H2分子逸出表面. H2分子中H-Ｈ键为明显的共价键.     

在Au(111)表面酞菁单分子与钴原子可控金属化反应

本文利用低温扫描隧道显微术和第一性原理计算研究了吸附在Au(111)表面的酞菁分子(H₂Pc)与Co原子在单分子水平上的金属化反应过程. 通过扫描探针的操纵手段,以可控的方式原位实现了单个H₂Pc分子与钴原子反应生成CoPc的金属化酞菁产物,揭示出源于H₂Pc和Co原子的π-d相互作用的中间过程. 结合第一性原理计算和中间产物的图像模拟,进一步阐明了这一氧化还原反应中成键和断键的关键机制,即脱氢和金属化过程并非由Co原子和吡咯环的H作用所致,而与Co原子和吡咯环上的N原子之间的作用有关.     

2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氮氧自由基与卤仿形成卤键或氢键的理论研究

利用理论计算化学研究了2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-N-氧自由基与卤仿形成卤键和氢键络合物的可能性. 从分子静电势、络合物分子的结构参数、络合物的作用能以及自然键轨道理论的角度着手研究. 结果表明,卤键与氢键络合物的键合能均遵循氯化物<溴化物<碘化物,氢键络合物作用强度大于相应的卤键络合物. 因此,卤仿与2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-N-氧自由基之间作用模式氢键为主. 需要注意的是,碘仿形成卤键的作用强度与氢键相当,因此在碘仿中,卤键与氢键两种模式应该竞争性的存在.     

(Li3N)n(n=1-5)团簇结构与性质的密度泛函研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)的杂化密度泛函B3LYP方法在6-31G*基组水平上对(Li3N)n(n=1-5)团簇各种可能的构型进行儿何结构优化,预测了各团簇的最稳定结构.并对最稳定结构的振动特性、成键特性、电荷特性等进行了理论研究.结果表明,(Li3N)n(n=1-5)团簇中N原子的配位数以4,5较多见,"Li-Li键长为0.210-0.259 nm,Li原子在桥位时Li-N键长为0.185-0.204 nm,Li原子在端化时Li-N键长为0.172-0.178nm;团簇中N原子的平均自然电荷为-2.01 e,Li原子的平均自然电荷为 0.67e;Li3N,(Li3N)5团簇有相对较高的动力学稳定性.     

活性氮反应产生激发态卤化氮实验研究

报道了利用氮气放电产生的活性氮有效制备激发态卤氮自由基NX(b)(X=F,Cl,Br)的方法.在流动余辉装置上,将含溴有机物CH2Br2、CHBr3、C2H5Br、C4H9Br加入到活性氮中,在550～750nm观察到了较强的NBr(b→X)跃迁发射光谱.机理分析表明,活性氮中的基态氮原子N(4S)与含溴分子反应首先产生基态的NBr,由于亚稳态分子N2(A3Σ+u)的能量转移作用,基态NBr被激发到NBr(b).当含氯有机物CCl4、SOCl2加入到活性氮中时,观察到了NCl(b→X)的发射光谱,而当CHCl3、CH2Cl2加入到活性氮中时,却没有观察到NCl(b)态的辐射跃迁.当SF6与氮气混合放电时,观察到了NF(b)态的跃迁发射谱.分析表明,基态的NCl和NF自由基分别是由N(4S)+CCl3(SOCl2)→NCl(X)+CCl2(SOCl)和N(4S)+SF5→NF(X)+SF4通道产生的,再通过N2(A)能量转移到激发态.     

Cooperative effects between tetrel bond and other σ–hole bond interactions: a comparative investigation

Covalently bonded atoms of Groups IV–VII tend to have anisotropic charge distributions, the electronic densities being less on the extensions of the bonds (σ–holes) than in the intervening regions. These σ–holes often give rise to positive electrostatic potentials through which the atom can interact attractively and highly directionally with negative sites. In this work, cooperative effects between tetrel bond and halogen/chalcogen/pnicogen bond interactions are studied in multi-component YH₃M···NCX···NH₃ complexes, where Y = F, CN; M = C, Si and X = Cl, SH and PH₂. These effects are analysed in detail in terms of the structural, energetic, charge-transfer and electron density properties of the complexes. The nature of the σ–hole bonds is unveiled by quantum theory of atoms in molecules and natural bond orbital theory. A favourable cooperativity is found with values that range between ?0.34 and ?1.15 kcal/mol. Many-body decomposition of interaction energies indicate that two-body energy term is the most important source of the attraction, which its contribution accounts for 87%–96% of the total interaction energy.     

Cooperative effects of hydrogen,halogen and beryllium bonds on model halogen-bonded FCl … YZ (YZ = BF,CO, N2) complexes in FX′ … FCl … YZ trimers (FX′ = FH,FCl, F2Be)

A computational study of model halogen-bonded FCl?…?YZ dimers and FX′?…?FCl?…?YZ (FX′ = FH, FCl, F₂Be; YZ = BF, CO, N₂) trimers was undertaken at the MP2/6-311++G (2d, 2p) level of theory. Three different trimer arrangements are possible and the cooperative effect of hydrogen-, halogen- and beryllium-bonding in each of these trimers was assessed relative to the FCl?…?YZ dimer. It was found that the beryllium bond has the largest cooperative effect, while the halogen bond has the smallest, with the hydrogen bond being intermediate between the other two interactions. Interesting trends in selected properties were identified and discussed.     

On difference of properties between organic fluorine hydrogen bond C–H···F–C and conventional hydrogen bond

The existence of C–H···F–C hydrogen bonds in the complexes of trifluoromethane and cyclic molecule (oxirane, cyclobutanone, dioxane, and pyridine) has been experimentally proven by Caminati and co-workers. This study presents a theoretical investigation on these C–H···F–C hydrogen bonds at B97D/6-311++G^** and MP2/6-311++G^** levels, in terms of C–H vibrational frequency shifts, atoms in molecules characteristics, and the bonding feature of C–H···F–C hydrogen bonds. It is found that in three important aspects, there are significant differences in properties between C–H···F–C and conventional hydrogen bonds. The C–H···F–C hydrogen bonds show a blueshift in the C–H vibrational frequencies, instead of the X–H normal redshift in X–H···Y conventional hydrogen bonds. The natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses show that σ and p types of lone pair orbitals of the F atom to an antibonding σ^*_H–C orbital form a dual C–H···F–C hydrogen bond. Such a dual hydrogen bonding leads to the proton acceptor directionality of the C–H···F–C hydrogen bond softer. Our studies also show that the Laplacian of the electron density (▽²ρ_BCP) is not always a good criterion for hydrogen bonds. Therefore, we should not recommend the use of the Laplacian of the electron density as a criterion for C–H···F–C hydrogen bonds.     

Comparison of hydrogen and halogen bonds between dimethyl sulfoxide and hypohalous acid: competition and cooperativity

A theoretical study of the complexes formed between dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and hypohalous acid (HOX, X = Cl, Br, and I) has been carried out at the MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ level. For each HOX, four minima binary complexes were found, two mainly with an OH???O hydrogen bond and the other two with an OX???O halogen bond. The hydrogen-bonded complexes are more stable than the halogen-bonded analogues for HOCl and HOBr, while both types of complexes have similar stability in the iodine case. A red shift was found for the associated H–O and X–O bond stretch vibrations and a small blue shift for the distant bonds. As the oxygen of DMSO simultaneously binds with two HOCl molecules, the corresponding interactions are weakened with diminutive effect. This diminutive effect is the largest in the complexes with two OH???O hydrogen bonds but the smallest in those with two OCl???O halogen bonds.     

Lifetimes of metastable spherical carbon cluster dianions

Semiclassical calculations are made of the lifetimes of metastable spherical carbon cluster dianions using a model potential based on electrostatics. The metastability is attributed to shape resonances resulting from the combination of the long range Coulomb repulsion and the shorter range electron-molecule interaction. Results for fullerene dianions show a strong dependence of the lifetimes on the molecular size. The transition from stable to metastable dianions is estimated to occur when the radius of the spherical molecule is about 5.5 Å. This simple model potential might provide a starting point for experimental and theoretical searches for the existence of stable dianions     

甲基紫分子拉曼激发虚态的研究

从拉曼峰强入手,求得了甲基紫分子的“时间分辨键极化率”,并与第一原理计算的基态电子密度做对比,讨论了该分子的激发拉曼虚态的性质.研究结果表明,该分子的拉曼激发虚态中电子向分子外围以及两环之间的键流动,并且拉曼弛豫后的键极化率分布与基态电子的密度分布相似.通过研究键极化率的弛豫过程,发现连接两环的键上的键极化率弛豫时间较其他键大.这些结果说明了甲基紫这类双环分子拉曼激发虚态的性质,这对于研究拉曼散射的中间态具有一定意义. 关键词： 拉曼峰强 时间分辨键极化率 弛豫特征时间     

The effect of hydrogen-bonding cooperativity on the strength and properties of σ-hole interactions: an ab initio study

Ab initio calculations at the MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory are performed to investigate the effect of hydrogen-bonding cooperativity on the strength and bonding properties of σ-hole interaction in linear FCl???(NCH)_n=2–5, FHS???(NCH)_n=2–5, FH₂P???(NCH)_n=2–5 and FH₃Si???(NCH)_n=2–5 clusters. It is found that the cooperative effects in the hydrogen-bonding tend to strengthen the σ-hole interaction. However, these effects are almost saturated in the larger clusters (n > 5). For a given cluster, the amount of bond contraction in FCl???(NCH)_n is more important than other systems. A nice linear relationship is found between the σ-hole bond energies and absolute ¹⁵N chemical shieldings or spin–spin coupling constants across the σ-hole bond.     

Tuning of tetrel bonds interactions by substitution and cooperative effects in XH3Si···NCH···HM (X = H,F, Cl,Br; M = Li,Na, BeH and MgH) complexes

In this work, the interplay between the tetrel bond and the dihydrogen bond is investigated in ternary XH₃Si···NCH···HM complexes, where X = H, F, Cl, Br and M = Li, Na, BeH, MgH. The nature of Si···N and H···H interactions is studied by molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), noncovalent interaction and electron localisation function analyses. All binding distances in the ternary complexes are shorter than those of isolated XH₃Si···NCH and NCH···HM systems. That is, the two types of interactions have a cooperative effect on each other. The results of the MEP analysis indicate that the enhancement of the Si···N and H···H bonds can mainly be attributed to the electrostatic interaction. The plot of the reduced density gradient versus sign (λ₂)ρ indicates that the location of the spike associated with each interaction in the ternary systems moves slightly towards the negative (λ₂)ρ values with respect to the binary systems. This confirms that both Si···N and H···H interactions in the ternary complexes are strengthened by the presence of other. Besides, cooperative effects lead to a considerable change in the ¹⁴N nuclear quadrupole coupling constant values of the ternary complexes relative to the XH₃Si···NCH complexes.     

C-H,C-N,C-O,N-N的键离解能和键长的计算

用B3LYP/6-311G**和CCSD/cc-pVDZ方法对CH4、CH3、CN、CO、N2、CH3NH2、CH3NO2、NH2NO2八个分子中的C-H、C-N、C-O、N-N键离解能进行计算,通过比较研究可知,计算CH3、CH3NH2、CH3NO2分子中的C-H键离解能和CN、CO、N2分子的键离解能用B3LYP/6-311G**方法可靠,而计算CH3-H、CH3-NH2、CH3-NO2和NH2-NO2分子的键离解能用CCSD/cc-pVDZ方法更可信;用以上二种方法对本文的八个分子的平衡几何结构进行优化求出所需的键长,通过比较可知,CH4、CH3、CN、CO、N2分子用B3LYP/6-311G**的方法进行平衡几何优化求得的键长更可靠,而CH3NO2、NH2NO2、CH3NH2分子则用CCSD/cc-pVDZ方法优化出的键长是更可信.     

An ab initio study on competition between pnicogen and chalcogen bond interactions in binary XHS:PH2X complexes (X = F,Cl, CCH,COH, CH3, OH,OCH3 and NH2)

Chalcogen and pnicogen bond interactions are studied in the binary XHS:PH₂X complexes (X = F, Cl, CCH, COH, CH₃, OH, OCH₃ and NH₂) using quantum chemical calculations. These interactions can be explained in terms of electrostatic effects, considering the chalcogen or pnicogen as a Lewis acid due to the presence of an σ-hole. Almost a perfect linear relationship is found between the interaction energies and the magnitudes of the product of most positive and negative electrostatic potentials. This reveals that both the negative and positive regions of the interacting atoms can be used to predict the strength of the eventual interaction. The nature of chalcogen and pnicogen bond interactions is unveiled by means of the atoms in molecules and electron localisation function analyses.