服务规则约束下B2C平台企业竞争策略

基于服务规则约束机制的策略已成为B2C电子商务平台获取竞争优势重要手段之一。在双边市场理论模型基础上,分别建立了垄断和寡头竞争情形的B2C平台Hotelling竞争模型,比较分析了买方多归属卖方单归属和买卖双方多归属情形下竞争性B2C平台服务规则约束机制的最优策略。通过研究发现,垄断B2C平台下,平台企业和卖方企业都没有提高服务规则约束力度的意愿;在买方多归属卖方单归属时,卖方企业运作和维护服务规则约束机制更能提高用户体验和提高B2C平台绩效;在买卖双方多归属时,平台企业运作和维护服务规则约束机制更为有利。     

Simplification of a fuzzy mechanism with rule combination

 In this paper, a systematic approach to reduce the complexity of a fuzzy controller with the rule combination of a fuzzy rule base is presented. The complexity of a fuzzy controller is defined to be the computation load in this work. The proposed rule combination approach can be applied to the fuzzy mechanisms with product–sum and min–max inferences. With the input membership functions indexed in sequence for each input variable, the n-dimensional fuzzy rule table is represented as vectors so that the combination of the fuzzy rule base is realizable. Then the adjacent fuzzy rules with the same output consequent are combined to have smaller size of fuzzy rule base. The fuzzy mechanism with the combined rule table is shown to have the same output with the original fuzzy mechanism (without rule combination). Thus, in many applications, the rule combination approach presented in this paper can be used to reduce the complexity of the fuzzy mechanism without degrading the performances. Moreover, the Don't Care fuzzy rules are defined and it is indicated that the number of the necessary fuzzy rules might be decreased when the Don't Care fuzzy rules are taken into consideration. Further, the properties of the simplification approach for the fuzzy rule base of the fuzzy mechanism are discussed.     

一种改进的主动规则的系统执行模型

主动规则及规则处理机制一直是主动数据库研究的薄弱环节,主要表现为:(1) 语义不够丰富;(2) 缺乏基础语义;(3) 缺乏对规则处理的层次化和结构化的描述.为弥补上述不足,对规则处理机制赋予了丰富的规则延伸语义,根据语义的要求,用规则处理树层次化和结构化地描述规则处理过程对系统状态的影响.新的系统执行模型和扩展后的事务使我们能够提出一种支持丰富语义的规则处理算法.与其他规则处理算法相比,该算法实现了新语义,并利用了递归技术,能更好地吻合规则处理过程.     

Modeling participatory learning as a control mechanism

We discuss the participatory learning model originally introduced by Yager [IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. SMC-20 , 1229–1234 (1990)]. We analyze the learning mechanism as a stable control strategy. We show how the learning mechanism used in participatory learning can be expressed in the form of a fuzzy rule base. We use this rule base formulation to provide new learning rules. We modify the Widrow-Hoff rule to include a participatory learning mechanism. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

支持复合事件的主动规则的可终止性分析

ＥＣＡ规则系统已经成为主动数据库提供主动服务的通用机制．规则集合的可终止性是规则行为分析的一个重要问题．文中给出了ＥＣＡ规则系统的形式化描述，并着重讨论了复合事件机制对可终止性问题的影响．文中结合规则实例给出了分析规则终止性的静态判定算法，这一算法可作为主动规则分析工具的理论基础．     

Online tuning of fuzzy PID controllers via rule weighing based on normalized acceleration

In this study, an on-line tuning method is proposed for fuzzy PID controllers via rule weighing. The rule weighing mechanism is a fuzzy rule base with two inputs namely; “error” and “normalized acceleration”. Here, the normalized acceleration provides relative information on the fastness or slowness of the system response. In deriving the fuzzy rules of the weighing mechanism, the transient phase of the unit step response of the closed loop system is to be analyzed. For this purpose, this response is assumed to be divided into certain regions, depending on the number of membership functions defined for the error input of the fuzzy logic controller. Then, the relative importance or influence of the fired fuzzy rules is determined for each region of the transient phase of the unit step response of the closed loop system. The output of the fuzzy rule weighing mechanism is charged as the tuning variable of the rule weights; and, in this manner, an on-line self-tuning rule weight assignment is accomplished. The effectiveness of the proposed on-line weight adjustment method is demonstrated on linear and non-linear systems by simulations. Moreover, a real time application of this new method is accomplished on a pH neutralization process.     

Prolog/Rex inference engine

Abstract: Prolog/Rex supports the construction of knowledge-based systems, allowing frames (Prolog/Rex concepts) and rules to be combined, and providing language level support for hypothetical reasoning and assumption-based truth maintenance (Prolog/Rex viewpoint mechanism). To increase run-time performance during rule execution, Prolog/Rex provides two complementary rule compilation techniques: the simple indexing scheme and the heavily modified Rete expansion method. To improve the efficiency of the inference engine, we built an agenda-based rule manager that uses priority mechanism and/or heuristics embedded in meta-rules to control the rule firing order. Forward- and backward-chaining can be combined within the same program.     

基于信息素机制的粒子群优化算法的设计与实现

提出了一种基于信息素机制的粒子群优化(Particle swarm optimization based on pheromone mechanism, PSO-PM)算法. 主要是借鉴了蚁群优化算法的信息素共享机制, 并引入到粒子群优化算法中, 设计了粒子行为的三条简单规则: 信息留存规则、信息获取和融合规则以及粒子演化规则, 从而实现了群体信息的充分分享, 相应地改善了算法的寻优能力. 采用基准函数对PSO-PM算法进行测试, 并与几种不同类型的改进优化算法进行对比, 数值实验结果验证了PSO-PM算法的有效性.     

一个基于互信息的规则量化方法

规则量化问题是基于规则与统计相结合的计算语言模型的关键性问题,首先描述了一个基于规则与统计相结合的计算语言模型,从而引出了规则结合度的概念,并提出一种基于互信息的规则量化方法,该方法既给出了一条规则的实用性的定量评价,又为基于规则与统计相结合的计算语言模型提供了一个重要的规则参量,通过实验指出该方法对系统规则集的筛选与计算语言模型中规则与统计结合机制的优化的重要指导意义。     

ECA规则在工作流管理系统中的应用

针对工作流管理系统的实现复杂性及模型可靠性的验证问题，提出了一种结合工作流网和ECA规则来创建工作流管理系统的方法。这种基于ECA规则的工作流描述和执行机制较好地实现了工作流网模型的语义描述和控制的统一。通过建立基于ECA规则的工作流描述表，将ECA 规则引入到工作流路由机制中，灵活地控制了工作流的流程。通过事件触发和消息处理机制，工作流描述表处理可以被实际系统加以执行和控制。     

基于GA和机器学习的启发式规则调度方法

采用基于遗传算法的启发式规则的新型调度方法来处理可变工艺路径的调度问题,同时建立起启发式调度规则库和用于选择规则的知识库,并利用机器学习和模糊推理机制进行样本与知识库的匹配,实现高效实用的调度。计算实例表明了该算法的优越性能     

程序设计规则检查：一种保障软件质量的基本方法

Programming rule checking is an important approach of quality assurance in the coding phase ot the software lifecycle. In this paper we introduce the notion,the objective,and the general procedures of programming rule checking. Following that ,we examine how rule checking improves software quality from the perspectives of validity, understandability, portability, and safety. The tool support of rule checking is also presented. After making investigations on the mechanism of rule checking, we propose some approaches on the generalization, on the standardization,as well as on the practical application of rule checking.     

Semantic-syntax-directed translation and its application to image processing

A new model of semantic-syntax-directed translation is formulated. By attaching to each syntax rule of the input grammar a set of semantic rules and an output rule, the semantics can actively induce the translation in both aspects: determining the content of the output rule, and selecting the input-output rule pair. In addition, the proposed translation scheme is used as a mechanism for array-quadtree conversion. A great benefit may be obtained.     

基于双库协同机制的挖掘关联规则算法Maradbcm

关联规则是数据挖掘中一种重要的模式，Aprori算法是挖掘关联规则的典型算法，而Apriori算法存在一定的缺点：数据库的全局搜索和产生大项集时使用支持度阈值会删除有意义的规则等。Maradbcm算法是在KDD内在机理研究 的基础上提出的一种新的挖掘关联规则算法，它可以克服Apriori算法的上述缺点，在简要地叙述了双库协同机制和Maradbcm算法后，将该算法应用于蘑菇数据库，结果显示该算法是有效的，它充分显示了内在机理研究对KDD主流发展的重要作用与影响，并为整个知识发现系统的研究提供了一条全新的路径。     

On maintaining and updating expert systems

Abstract: A mechanism for tracing the utilization of rules in expert systems during periods of practical usage is proposed. Statistics related to the utilization of each rule help the designer to re-evaluate the appropriateness of each rule, so that over-utilized rules may be expanded and unnecessary ones deleted. By incorporating such a mechanism, the efficiency of maintaining and updating expert systems is improved.     

知识发现中的因果关联规则挖掘研究

因果关联规则是知识库中一类重要的知识类型,具有重要的应用价值。首先对因果关系的特殊性质进行了分析,然后基于语言场和广义归纳逻辑因果模型,从表示、挖掘、评价和应用几方面,对因果关联规则的研究进行了详细论述。并在此基础上提出了隐含因果关联规则的概念。通过语言场和推理机制的运用,使因果关联规则这一重要知识形式的挖掘和评价过程具有良好的逻辑性和扩张性。     

基于知识管理的 BIM 模型建筑设计合规性自动检查系统研究

建筑设计合规性自动检查对保证建筑信息模型(BIM)符合设计规范要求,增加规范 检查自动化程度具有重要意义。结合合规性检查理论与专家系统方法,提出了以BIM 模型为检 查对象的合规性自动检查系统框架,以规则知识与推理机制分开的方式实现合规性检查过程。 以《住宅设计规范》为例,对规范中的条文进行知识分析,总结出规范知识表达式,构建规则 库和规则库访问机制;建立了逻辑策略下推理机制,将规则库中的规则信息与BIM 信息进行推 理,输出检查结果;最后构建了合规性检查系统验证平台,通过BIM 模型实例完成模型数据提 取及规则推理的过程,实现了合规性检查的功能,验证了合规性检查方法框架。该方法在一定 程度上能够指导后续的合规性检查相关研究,有效提高BIM 模型的建筑设计合规性检查效率, 保证检查质量,促进建筑工程领域信息化的发展。     

基于IEEE 802.11的非饱和条件自适应接入方案

调整参数以适应动态的网络环境,提供非饱和条件下的自适应接入方案,是无线局域网通信的研究热点。基于信道状态信息,设计线性调整接入参数规则,提出非饱和条件自适应接入方案。节点首先感知并统计信道繁忙状态数据,然后采用线性方式调整竞争窗口大小,能有效降低信道碰撞概率,提高网络性能。方案中接入参数调整体现了信道拥塞状态,解除了接入参数调整对于数据传输状态的依赖,取消了固定竞争窗口范围对性能的影响。仿真结果进一步验证算法有效性和良好的可扩展性能。     

关联规则的启发式发现方法

文章分析并阐述了数据挖掘技术领域中的关联规则,通过使用启发式方法&&`规则模板'(rule template)的简单机制描述用户感兴趣的规则结构.最后,提出了一种规则可视化与规则模板相结合的方法.     

一种关于移动Agent系统中的调度策略模型研究

现有的移动Agent系统中对于其运行方面的调度策略不太完善,本文提出了一种排队模型,并且讨论并实现了其排队规则、服务规则和Agent中派遣机制。