基于等效电流法的永磁轴承分析

承载力和刚度的计算分析是永磁轴承设计的主要内容.基于等效电流法建立了永磁轴承的数学模型,推导出了轴向磁化永磁轴承轴向力及径向力的理论计算公式,并将数值计算结果与基于等效磁荷法的计算值进行了比较,进一步说明了两种算法的等效性.对径向采用主动磁悬浮轴承、轴向为永磁轴承的转子系统的轴向承载力及刚度特性进行了试验研究,得出一些对永磁轴承的设计可以提供一定参考的依据与结论.     

主动磁力轴承支承刚度特性研究

以单自由度磁力轴承为研究对象,建立非线性支承力模型,通过对磁力轴承非线性支承力特性的分析,揭示出磁力轴承支承刚度与控制器参数之间的非线性关系,对磁力轴承结构设计以及控制器的设计具有指导作用.基于非线性支承力模型和线性支承力模型设计不同的控制器,对磁力轴承转子系统进行刚度试验,结果表明,基于非线性刚度模型设计的控制器具有较好的稳定性和较高的刚度,并满足系统的回转精度要求.     

小孔节流静压支承轴承力学性能的数值建模

为了讨论小孔节流空气静压支承轴承的节流器尺寸,气膜厚度与供气压等轴承参数对轴承力学性能的影响。针对圆柱腔小孔节流静压支承止推轴承,首先进行了轴承间隙流场的数值仿真与分析,其中以小孔尺寸,气腔尺寸,供气压及气膜厚为设计变量,利用正交实验设计的基本原理构造正交表,通过对轴承间隙流场的数值计算进行采样以获取轴承的承载力与刚度;其次在设计变量范围内基于径向基神经网络模型建立承载力与刚度的分析数学模型,在该分析模型中全面考虑了各轴承参数的作用,同时考虑了轴承间隙的流场结构对力学性能的影响,得到的模型经过拟合校验以证明具有足够的精度;最后基于该分析模型讨论了小孔与气腔尺寸对轴承承载力与刚度的影响,为工程设计提供了参考。     

基于Halbach阵列的永磁缓速器结构优化与仿真

为了进一步减小永磁缓速器的尺寸,提出一款基于Halbach阵列的永磁缓速器,永磁铁采用Halbach阵列后使缓速器中气隙的磁密强度大,制动力矩增加.建立永磁缓速器优化模型,优化后的径向尺寸明显降低.利用Maxwell软件对缓速器进行制动力矩和涡流场的仿真分析,进一步证明了Halbach式永磁缓速器优于常规永磁缓速器.将Maxwell计算得到的铜耗导入到ANSYS Workbench进行磁热耦合联合仿真,结果表明Halbach式铜环温度较常规式略有升高,但能保证温度处于合理范围内.     

磁化不均匀性对永磁推力轴承性能的影响

通过试验测量了永磁轴承磁环不均匀磁化的分布,分析了磁体间隙对不均匀磁化的影响.运用磁荷理论建立了计算永磁推力轴承承载力模型,研究了磁铁磁化不均性和软磁材料对轴承承载力及刚度的影响.制造了验证该模型的试验装置.计算和试验表明,随着磁隙的减小,磁块间隙的增大,磁力和刚度的变化增大.     

含Halbach永磁阵列的磁场调制式磁力齿轮特性分析

磁场调制式磁力齿轮是一种非接触磁力传动装置,Halbach永磁阵列是一种非单一充磁方向的新型永磁结构。为了掌握含Halbach永磁阵列磁场调制式磁力齿轮的磁场和机械特性,首先,用傅里叶级数展开方法表达了Halbach永磁阵列磁化强度的基波和谐波分量;其次,利用有限元方法,分别建立了径向充磁型和Halbach型磁场调制式磁力齿轮模型,比较了两种模型内外气隙磁场和磁场谐波、内转子和外转子的矩角特性和齿槽转矩特性。通过对比可知,相比于径向充磁型磁力齿轮,Halbach型磁力齿轮具有更加平滑的转矩输出。     

锥形腔小孔节流空气静压支承轴承优化设计

为了提升小孔节流空气静压支承轴承的力学性能,讨论轴承的结构参数、节流参数及供气压等设计参数对轴承力学性能的影响。针对锥形腔小孔节流空气静压轴承,首先在参数设计范围内通过数值仿真分析轴承间隙的流场,将之归结为4类,研究存在超音速区、分离泡的详细流场结构;其次基于径向基神经网络模型,建立轴承承载力、刚度、流场最大马赫数和轴承设计参数间的相关性数学模型;最后,建立优化设计数学模型,基于近似模型与流场分析结论,在轴承参数的设计范围内以刚度最优为设计目标,在给定轴承负载下获取了最优参数组合。在优化设计中消除了轴承的微振动,提升了轴承刚度,并基于优化结果进一步讨论了轴承参数对力学性能的影响。相关流场分析与优化流程的建立可为工程设计提供参考。     

五自由度全永磁轴承系统的稳定悬浮特性分析

为探讨永磁悬浮轴承系统的稳定悬浮特性,从轴承刚度角度对五自由度全永磁轴承系统的稳定悬浮特性进行了分析。采用等效磁荷理论建立永磁轴承的承载力、承载力矩和刚度的数学表达式,并利用蒙特卡洛法对表达式中存在的四重积分进行求解。探究转子在受迫进动情况下以及受到外力矩干扰时继续保持稳定旋转所需要的最低临界转速。基于轴向永磁轴承与径向永磁轴承的结构,提出一种六磁环五自由度全永磁轴承系统结构模型,对全永磁轴承的转子系统承受轴向和径向外载荷的承载力、力矩和承载刚度进行分析,得出轴向可以承受外载荷而径向无法承受外载荷,即静态下轴向可以稳定悬浮、径向不能稳定悬浮,符合Earnshaw定理。利用刚性转子的陀螺惯性力矩来承受全永磁轴承系统的不平衡力矩和外力矩,从而保持转子定轴自稳定悬浮,并对系统稳定悬浮特性进行计算,结果表明转子在超过最低临界转速后是可以实现动态稳定悬浮的,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

支承方式对转子动力学特性影响研究

高速永磁同步电机在运转时很容易接近临界转速而产生共振现象,引发噪声,甚至损坏电机,而支承方式是影响转子动力特性的重要因素.针对这一问题,对燃料电池空气压缩机用永磁同步电机的转子动力学特性进行研究.建立高速转子系统的动力学特性分析有限元模型,基于ANSYS workbench仿真计算轴承刚性支承和弹性支承时转子系统的振型、固有频率和临界转速,得到坎贝尔图;求解不同轴承支承刚度下转予系统的动力学特性,总结了临界转速及其避开裕度的变化规律,可为转子系统的动力学设计提供理论支持.     

基于Halbach阵列爬壁机器人永磁吸附装置有限元分析

船舶除漆爬壁机器人通过永磁吸附装置吸附于船舶钢板壁面,为了确保爬壁机器人可靠的吸附于船舶钢板壁面,设计了基于传统型和Halbach阵列的两种永磁吸附装置,对两种永磁吸附装置的磁场进行了有限元分析,得到磁感应强度、磁场强度的分布规律,以及不同影响因素下吸附力的变化规律等,验证了基于Halbach阵列永磁吸附装置设计的合理性。     

飞轮储能磁轴承系统结构及其悬浮特性

介绍了一种由径向永磁轴承与电磁推力轴承组成的单轴主动控制的飞轮储能磁轴承系统结构 ,径向永磁轴承提供径向恢复力与轴向悬浮力 ,电磁推力轴承提供轴向恢复力。并对系统的结构参数计算及其磁悬浮特性进行了分析与讨论。研究结果表明 ,永磁轴承动、静磁环轴向位移对系统承载力与刚度有明显影响 ,采用多对磁环永磁轴承 ,有利于提高系统承载力与径向刚度     

Development of a miniature permanent magnetic circuit for nuclear magnetic resonance chip

The existing researches of miniature magnetic circuits focus on the single-sided permanent magnetic circuits and the Halbach permanent magnetic circuits. In the single-sided permanent magnetic circuits, the magnetic flux density is always very low in the work region. In the Halbach permanent magnetic circuits, there are always great difficulties in the manufacturing and assembly process. The static magnetic flux density required for nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) chip is analyzed based on the signal noise ratio(SNR) calculation model, and then a miniature C-shaped permanent magnetic circuit is designed as the required magnetic flux density. Based on Kirchhoff’s law and magnetic flux refraction principle, the concept of a single shimming ring is proposed to improve the performance of the designed magnetic circuit. Using the finite element method, a comparative calculation is conducted. The calculation results demonstrate that the magnetic circuit improved with a single shimming has higher magnetic flux density and better magnetic field homogeneity than the one improved with no shimming ring or double shimming rings. The proposed magnetic circuit is manufactured and its experimental test platform is also built. The magnetic flux density measured in the work region is 0.7 T, which is well coincided with the theoretical design. The spatial variation of the magnetic field is within the range of the instrument error. At last, the temperature dependence of the magnetic flux density produced by the proposed magnetic circuit is investigated through both theoretical analysis and experimental study, and a linear functional model is obtained. The proposed research is crucial for solving the problem in the application of NMR-chip under different environmental temperatures.     

Modeling and Analysis of Novel Integrated Radial Hybrid Magnetic Bearing for Magnetic Bearing Reaction Wheel

Conventional ball bearing reaction wheel used to control the attitude of spacecraft can't absorb the centrifugal force caused by imbalance of the wheel rotor,and there will be a torque spike at zero speed,which seriously influences the accuracy and stability of spacecraft attitude control.Compared with traditional ball-bearing wheel,noncontact and no lubrication are the remarkable features of the magnetic bearing reaction wheel,and which can solve the high precision problems of wheel.In general,two radial magnetic bearings are needed in magnetic bearing wheel,and the design results in a relatively large axial dimension and smaller momentum-to-mass ratios.In this paper,a new type of magnetic bearing reaction wheel(MBRW) is introduced for satellite attitude control,and a novel integrated radial hybrid magnetic bearing(RHMB) with permanent magnet bias is designed to reduce the mass and minimize the size of the MBRW,etc.The equivalent magnetic circuit model for the RHMB is presented and a solution is found.The stiffness model is also presented,including current stiffness,position negative stiffness,as well as tilting current stiffness,tilting angular position negative stiffness,force and moment equilibrium equations.The design parameters of the RHMB are given according to the requirement of the MBRW with angular momentum of 30 N ? m ? s when the rotation speed of rotor reaches to 5 kr/min.The nonlinearity of the RHMB is shown by using the characteristic curves of force-control current-position,current stiffness,position stiffness,moment-control current-angular displacement,tilting current stiffness and tilting angular position stiffness considering all the rotor position within the clearance space and the control current.The proposed research ensures the performance of the radial magnetic bearing with permanent magnet bias,and provides theory basis for design of the magnetic bearing wheel.     

轴向磁化永磁轴承的刚度特性分析

利用永磁体等效电流模型,以轴向磁化的永磁轴承为对象建立了刚度矩阵,通过无量纲化,分析了各个尺寸参数对刚度的影响规律,并绘制了相应的变化曲线图,分析结果表明:在轴向力和径向刚度分析中,当R/a>3时,磁环外径作为弱影响参数可以被省略;在倾斜刚度和耦合刚度分析中,外径的影响规律不能被忽略;当磁环的高度和厚度相等时,永磁轴承性能最优。     

工业应用型永磁悬浮轴承关键技术

提出了一种新的工业应用型永磁悬浮轴承,对其工作机理进行了详细的分析,并论述了要解决永磁悬浮轴承工业应用的几个关键设计技术问题,即永磁悬浮轴承承载能力、刚度和安装维护等达到工业应用要求的设计技术问题、永磁悬浮轴承-转子系统动力学特性达到工业应用要求的设计技术问题,以及永磁悬浮轴承的标准化、系列化达到工业应用要求的设计技术问题。拟定了设计方案并对其进行了可行性分析,为永磁悬浮轴承像滚动轴承一样在工业上得到普遍应用奠定了理论基础。     

轴向磁化双永磁环悬浮轴承静态磁力的研究

永磁悬浮轴承由于结构简单且不需要复杂的位置控制系统而具有相当的应用价值。基于永磁材料的线性退磁曲线,通过对双永磁环的磁路分析,利用间隙磁导的拟合计算公式,采用虚功原理法得到双永磁环轴向静态磁力的解析模型,该解析模型可以计算不同内外径的双永磁环悬浮轴承的轴向静态承载力,并设计了测量双永磁环间隙与磁力关系的实验装置,实验结果表明,永磁环磁力解析模型的计算值和实测值吻合较好,该方法能较好的计算出双永磁环悬浮轴承的静态承载力。     

气体静压多孔质止推轴承静态特性的理论发展

多孔质材料被用来作空气静压轴承的节流器在过去已经广为报道了。多孔质材料节流器化传统的了流器具有一些显的优点,如设计和制造简单,很高的承载能力和刚度,更优越的尼特性以及体成。甚至更加复杂的几何结构如球轴承,空气静压丝杠也能够很容易获得,到目前为止,止推轴承尤其是圆板状的止推轴承是进行理论分析的最简化的几何模型,同时也是报道最多的。本首先介绍多孔质空气静压轴承的理论,接着着重介绍多孔质止推轴承的理论发展,最后,作讨论了关于多孔质介质的进一步研究的方向。     

Theoretical and experimental investigations of a variable- impedance hydrodynamic bearing

The aim of the work described in this paper is to develop a hydrodynamic bearing whose oil film dynamic stiffness and damping coefficients could be tuned to take on low values, without upsetting the bearing steady load carrying capacity, in order to obtain an improved dynamic response for machines running in such bearings. It was required that this tuning of the bearing dynamic characteristics could be carried out after assembly of the machine in question, and if necessary while the machine was in operation.A theoretical analysis of the new design of bearing was carried out, based on a finite-difference model of the bearing oil film. This analysis enabled the steady-state load carrying capacity of the bearing to be calculated for any particular running conditions. The oil film stiffness and damping characteristics were then calculated using the finite-displacement technique; these were then used to calculate the unbalance response of a flexible rotor running in such bearings. Experimental measurements of the unbalance response of a model rotor running in the new bearing design were also recorded, and compared with similar measurements obtained when conventional bearings were used.Both theoretical and experimental results show that the proposed new bearing design has a similar steady load carrying capacity to that of conventional hydrodynamic bearings, but that the unbalanced response and force transmissibility of machines running in the new design of bearing are substantially superior to that obtained with conventional bearings.     

基于分子电流法轴向永磁轴承轴向刚度的分析

轴向刚度分析是永磁轴承设计过程中的重要环节,现有的几类模型计算结果与实测结果存在一定的误差.使用基于分子电流法分析计算轴向永磁轴承的轴向刚度时,由于分子电流法在计算轴向力时需要求解四重积分,计算周期长,甚至不能获得解析解,因此采用蒙特卡罗算法来近似计算轴承的轴向力,使求解过程简单化.通过与有限元法数值解进行比较表明,分子电流法建模可较准确地分析轴向永磁轴承轴向刚度,运用蒙特卡罗算法求解方程,突破了分子电流法难以工程应用的技术难题.     

永磁磁轴承数学模型的研究

对永磁磁轴承的5种建模方法及所建立的数学模型进行了比较,并以径向磁轴承为例进行了计算。发现在形状、尺寸和磁化强度相同的情况下,磁环轴向磁化与径向磁化所得的径向刚度及轴向力均存在差异;将环形磁体作为无限长条形磁体处理,忽略磁环曲率影响,建立的通用模型仅适用于磁环直径相比磁环截面而言非常大,且磁环截面尺寸比气隙小或相等的情况:采用等效磁荷法,按磁化方向不同建立的数值积分模型,能够较好地描述磁轴承径向力及轴向力随动、静磁环相对位置变化而变化的特性。