腹腔镜超声在胰腺壶腹部肿瘤分期诊断和治疗中的价值

目的 评价腹腔镜超声技术(LapUS)在胰腺和壶腹部癌肿分期诊断和治疗中的临床应用价值。方法 自1996年12月～1999年12月连续对46例怀疑胰腺和壶腹部肿瘤病人进行腹腔镜和腹腔镜超声分期诊断。并与术前影像学检查、手术中发现及术后标本病理学检查进行前瞻对比研究。着重检查肿瘤范围、周围血管侵犯、周围淋巴结转移、浆膜浸润和肝、邻近脏器转移;对可疑病变和肿大的淋巴结进行腹腔镜超声引导下穿刺活检。判断肿瘤切除性。结果 46例病人中。LapUS发现肿块性病灶44例,2例阻塞性黄疸确诊为壶腹部结石嵌顿排除肿瘤。44例肿块性病变中41例为恶性肿瘤,3例为炎性病变,肿瘤诊断正确率为93．2％。本组未发生腹腔镜和腹腔镜超声检查有关并发症。结论腹腔镜和腹腔镜超声检查应列为重要的分期诊断工具,剖腹探查前常规应用可明显提高诊断正确率、完善肿瘤分期诊断和可切除性判断。可避免不必要的剖腹探查术。在微创外科诊治中具有重要的临床应用价值。     

腹腔镜超声影像技术在腹内恶性肿瘤诊治中的价值

应用腹腔镜超声技术(LapUS)对30例怀疑为腹内恶性肿瘤患者进行分期诊断和术中应用,探讨了LapUS对腹内恶性肿瘤分期诊断和治疗中的价值。结果表明,LapUS对腹内肿瘤诊断正确率达96.7％(29/30),12例避免了不必要的剖腹探查术(占40％)。LapUS对腹内恶性肿瘤准确定位、准确分期能提供非常有价值的信息,可判断恶性肿瘤能否切除,减少了不必要的剖腹探查并能指导手术方式和切除范围。     

电视腹腔镜在腹部创伤探查术中的优势和局限性

我们为8例腹部创伤者施行了急症电视腹腔镜探查术。8例均明确了诊断;6例避免了不必要的剖腹术,1例行剖腹脾切除术,1例行剖腹腹膜后血肿探查术;无任何手术并发症,术后均恢复好。腹腔镜探查术的优势有:(1)能使伤者以最小的创伤获得最明确和及时的诊断;(2)避免了阴性的和不必要的剖腹探查术;(3)可在腹腔镜下或腹腔镜辅助下手术处理损伤;(4)指导选择剖腹手术切口及术式;(5)创伤小,胃肠功能恢复快,并发症少,术后恢复快。局限性表现在:①不适用于腹腔内大出血致伤者血液动力学不稳定的腹部创伤者;②存在少量观察死角,对某些部位的损伤及其程度难以确诊;③腹腔镜处理损伤能力有限,某些腹腔内脏器损伤不可能在腹腔镜下得到妥善处理,需要及时行剖腹手术处理。电视腹腔镜探查术具有高敏感性,高准确性,可信性强,指导性强,安全可靠,创伤小,操作简便,恢复快等优点。     

腹腔镜在胰腺肿瘤诊断和分期中的价值

目的:总结胰腺肿瘤剖腹手术前先行腹腔镜探查的价值。方法:对12例经B超和CT诊断或怀疑为胰腺肿瘤的病人,在剖腹手术前先行腹腔镜探查,其中2例联合使用腹腔镜超声检查(LUS)。结果:1例CT诊断疑为胰头肿瘤伴少量腹水者,腹腔镜明确为原发性腹膜炎,作冲洗引流而愈。2例影像学检查见胰体尾增厚,怀疑胰腺肿瘤者,腹腔镜检查未见明显异常,再作LUS检查,1例为胰腺囊肿,另1例未见异常。9例腹腔镜检查确诊为胰腺恶性肿瘤病人中,3例明确已有远处转移,从而避免了开腹;另6例腹腔镜探查提示可以切除,结果其中1例由于肠系膜血管被肿瘤包绕而无法切除,余5例(5/9=55.6%)进行了根治性切除。腹腔镜探查在评估胰腺癌不可切除性的敏感性为75%,特异性为100%,阳性预测值为100%,阴性预测值为83.3%。结论:腹腔镜探查可发现影像学检查不能发现的腹膜转移,结合腹腔镜超声检查可提高胰腺肿瘤诊断、分期的准确性,使部分病人避免了不必要的剖腹手术。     

急诊腹腔镜探查术的价值探讨

目的：探讨急诊腹腔镜探查术的临床应用价值。方法：总结29例急腹症和腹部损伤的急诊腹腔镜探查术的经验。结果：全部病例明确诊断。4例(13．8％)避免了不必要的剖腹探查术，20例(68．9％)经腹腔镜下完成治疗，5例(17．3％)中转开腹。结论：急诊腹腔镜探查术适用于：①一般辅助检查不能明确而临床又有可疑证据的急腹症和腹部外伤。②已经明确诊断且能利用腹腔镜完成治疗的急腹症和腹部外伤。     

进展期胃癌术前腹腔镜探查的临床意义

目的:探讨为进展期胃癌患者术前行腹腔镜检查的临床价值。方法:回顾分析2006年1月至2008年11月我院收治的18例进展期胃癌患者在全麻下行腹腔镜检查的临床资料。结果:18例术前均未发现腹膜转移,腹腔镜探查发现8例腹膜转移(P1～P3),腹腔镜对腹膜转移的评估显著优于传统术前诊断方法(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜可作为常规检查手段的一种补充,对进展期胃癌进行准确的诊断和分期,有助于手术决策的制定、估计治疗结果和预后,避免不必要的剖腹探查。     

腹腔镜及其超声检查在腹部恶性肿瘤术前的应用研究

目的 :研究腹腔镜及腹腔镜超声检查在腹部恶性肿瘤术前应用的意义。方法 :将腹部恶性肿瘤6 0例随机分为 2组 ,A组术前使用腹腔镜及其超声检查了解肿瘤情况 ,并根据检查结果决定是否行开腹手术 ,B组直接行剖腹探查。结果 :A组术前使用腹腔镜及其超声检查的患者中 6例发现失去了手术时机 ,未再行手术治疗 ;2例在腹腔镜辅助下施行了姑息性手术 ;余者施行了根治性手术。B组直接行剖腹探查的患者中发现 5例病程较晚无手术价值而直接关腹 ;2例施行了姑息性手术 ;余者施行了根治性手术。结论 :腹部恶性肿瘤患者术前使用腹腔镜及其超声检查有助于了解病变的范围及分期 ,为制定合理的治疗方案提供了可靠依据 ,使患者免受不必要的创伤和打击 ,降低了手术并发症的发生率 ,减少了患者痛苦和医疗费用     

腹腔镜在腹部外伤诊治的临床研究

目的：探讨腹腔镜在腹部外伤中的应用价值。方法：2005年6月—2008年6月对有传统剖腹探查指征的32例腹部外伤患者先使用腹腔镜检查进行诊断,并根据镜检结果决定治疗方案。 结果：29例腹部外伤患者经腹腔镜检查作出明确诊断,8例可免治疗性处理行保守治疗;10例镜下手术成功,11例确诊后决定中转开腹手术,其中5例为腹腔镜辅助开腹手术。另3例腹腔镜探查发现右腹膜后血肿并黄染决定开腹手术,并证实为十二指肠破裂2例,胰腺断裂1例。术后并发症3例,分别为切口感染、胰漏、肠粘连各1例,均为开腹手术患者。全组患者均痊愈出院。结论：腹腔镜应用于腹部外伤具有创伤小、安全可靠、诊断率高的特点,可有效的降低阴性剖腹探查率,并能完成镜下治疗,使患者得到及时、有效、合理的治疗,避免了不必要的开腹手术。     

降低腹部穿透伤剖腹探查率的探讨

目的探讨腹部穿透伤的剖腹探查指征 ,以降低剖腹探查率。方法回顾性分析1999年 6月以前 78例腹部穿透伤临床资料 ,拟定剖腹探查指征。再经 1999年 6月至 2 0 0 0年 6月临床收治的 5 3例患者 (实验组 )应用后 ,与对照组 78例患者剖腹探查率进行对比分析。结果应用探查指征前后对比其剖腹探查率分别为 91%和 6 4 % ,χ2 =14 5 1,P <0 0 1差异有显著意义。结论筛选制定的腹部穿透伤剖腹指征对降低该病的剖腹探查率和探查率阴性率有很高的临床应用价值。     

胃癌的腹腔镜分期

腹腔镜检查用于胃癌分期可减少剖腹探查术带来的并发症率和死亡率 ,后者并发症率可高达 1 2 %～2 3 %,死亡率达 2 1 %。 1 984年引进了小网膜腔内镜探查技术 ,在胃结肠韧带开一窗 ,插入内镜 ,由此探查小网膜腔 ,也可牵开胃 ,内镜自胃肝韧带处插入。腹腔镜探查是一简易而安全的操作 ,如诊断正确性如附表所示。在局限性胃癌 ,属T1/T2 肿瘤可予手术切除 ,对T3/T4 肿瘤或T期不明者 (均经内镜和超声扫描检查 )附表　腹腔镜检的诊断正确性作者　　　　术前影像学检查 检出未发现的M1病变 (%) 正确率 (%)避免剖腹 (%)Gross 1 984年 46例未报告 5…     

Diagnostic laparoscopy in patients with an acute abdomen of uncertain etiology

Background: There are acute abdominal conditions in which it is difficult to establish an indicative diagnosis before laparotomy. A diagnosis is important in planning the right abdominal incision or to avoid an unnecessary laparotomy. Diagnostic noninvasive procedures such as X-ray studies do not always appear conclusive. Diagnostic laparoscopy is the only technique which can visualize the abdomen and, by establishing an adequate diagnosis, permits the surgeon to plan the right abdominal approach. Methods: In a prospective study, 65 patients with a generalized acute abdomen (no intestinal obstruction or perforation) underwent a diagnostic laparoscopy under general anesthesia previous to the planned median laparotomy. Results: In 46 patients (70%) diagnostic laparoscopy permitted the establishment of an adequate diagnosis, whereas in seven patients (10%) no cause for the acute abdomen could be found and an explorative laparotomy was avoided. In another 12 patients (20%) insufficient information was obtained during laparoscopy and an explorative laparotomy was performed. Conclusions: A conclusive diagnosis was established in 53 patients. This information led to a change in the surgical approach in 38 patients (e.g., limited, well-placed approach, laparoscopically, or avoidance of an unnecessary laparotomy). Diagnostic laparoscopy in this category of patients is a useful technique with important therapeutic consequences. Received: 5 May 1997/Accepted: 18 September 1997     

腹腔镜在腹部闭合性损伤中的应用价值

目的：探讨腹腔镜在腹部闭合性损伤中的应用价值。方法：回顾性分析38例患者应用腹腔镜诊断与治疗腹部闭合性外伤的效果。结果：经腹腔镜探查38例全部明确诊断。36例同时进行治疗,2例无需手术处理,避免了不必要的开腹手术,中转开腹10例,无并发症和死亡病例。结论：腹腔镜诊治腹部外伤具有创伤小、安全可靠、诊断率高等优点,并有效降低阴性剖腹探查率,适用于大部分腹部外伤的病例。     

Laparoscopy in diagnosis and treatment of acute abdominal diseases in children

2765 children with abdominal pains were observed in the clinic of pediatric surgery from 1995 to 1999. During the observation period the abdominal pains persisted in 85 children. As it was not possible to resect the acute abdominal diseases, these children underwent diagnostic laparoscopy. Destructive changes in the appendix were revealed in 12 patients, 73 patients have avoided unnecessary laparotomy and appendectomy. It is concluded that diagnostic potential of laparoscopy is not inferior to diagnostic laparotomy. Moreover laparoscopy has advantage as a method of final diagnosis.     

The role of laparoscopy in patients with suspected peritonitis: experience of a single institution

PURPOSE: In this report, we retrospectively evaluate the effect of a laparoscopic approach in the diagnosis and treatment of acute abdominal pain in patients with suspected peritonitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We evaluated the clinical records of patients admitted to our institution between January 1995 and July 2001 with a diagnosis of acute abdomen and suspected peritonitis. RESULTS: Ninety four of 229 patients underwent diagnostic laparoscopy. In this series, 83 (88.3%) of the cases were successfully treated by emergent laparoscopy for an acute abdomen. Eleven (11.7%) required conversion to an open laparotomy procedure. Overall, the preoperative diagnosis was confirmed by laparoscopy in 67 (71.27%) of the cases. It was not confirmed in 27 (28.73%). Postoperative mortality was 4.25%. Morbidity was 8.5%. DISCUSSION: Data reported in the literature establish that laparoscopy offers adequate visualization of the entire abdomen and pelvic cavity in the diagnosis of an abdomen acute secondary to peritonitis. In this series, laparoscopy confirmed the diagnosis in 97.8% of the patients, and minimally invasive treatment was achieved in 88.3% of the cases. Female patients with gynecologic disease particularly benefitted from a laparoscopic approach, which permitted the correct evaluation of this condition and may have prevented unnecessary laparotomy. We believe that laparoscopy is an accurate modality for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with an acute abdomen and suspected peritonitis when the diagnosis cannot be clearly made by physical examination and noninvasive methods.     

Diagnostic laparoscopy decreases the rate of unnecessary laparotomies and reduces hospital costs in trauma patients

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The use of laparoscopy for the treatment of various surgical diseases has been well described, and recently, it has gained popularity in the evaluation of abdominal trauma patients. The value of diagnostic laparoscopy (DL) in avoiding unnecessary laparotomies and its effects on hospital costs was evaluated in a prospective clinical trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a 48-month period, 99 hemodynamically stable abdominal trauma patients (28 blunt and 71 penetrating injuries) among 428 patients admitted with abdominal trauma in whom the decision for surgical exploration was made were accepted for the study and underwent DL prior to laparotomy. RESULTS: The DL was negative in 60.7% of the patients with blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) and in 62.0% of the patients with penetrating abdominal trauma (PAT). Laparoscopy-positive patients (Group 1) underwent immediate laparotomy, whereas on DL-negative patients (Group 2), no laparotomies were performed. Hospitalization times and hospital costs of the two groups were recorded and compared. The difference between the hospitalization times of Group 1 and Group 2 was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The use of DL reduced the rate of unnecessary laparotomies from 60.7% to 0 in BAT and from 78.9% to 16.9% in PAT. The mean hospitalization time was 2.75 +/- 1.20 days in patients with negative DL, whereas it was 7.4 +/- 2.20 days and 5.2 +/- 1.42 days in DL-positive patients undergoing a therapeutic and nontherapeutic laparotomy, respectively. When the hospital costs of the Group 1 patients were compared with those of Group 2 patients, there was a 4.07-fold increase in patients undergoing therapeutic laparotomy and a 1.78-fold increase in patients undergoing nontherapeutic laparotomy. CONCLUSION: Diagnostic laparoscopy might be used in selected patients to exclude significant intra-abdominal injuries.     

腹腔镜在闭合性腹部损伤中的应用

目的:探讨腹腔镜诊治闭合性腹部损伤的可行性及优越性。方法:回顾分析腹腔镜诊治闭合性腹部损伤9例的临床资料。结果:9例中8例用腹腔镜诊治成功,1例因严重脾裂伤改开腹手术。结论:腹腔镜应用于闭合性腹部损伤具有诊断及时,检查全面,治疗合理,损伤小,恢复快且可避免开腹手术探查等优点。     

The role of laparoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of abdominal pain syndromes

Background: Diagnostic laparoscopy plays a significant role in the evaluation of acute and chronic abdominal pain in the era of therapeutic laparoscopic surgery. Methods: We referred to our personal series of laparoscopy for both acute and chronic abdominal pain. This is a retrospective review of data accumulated prospectively between 1979 and the present. Results: In our series, 387 consecutive patients underwent laparoscopy because of abdominal pain. In a group of 121 patients with acute abdominal pain, a definitive diagnosis was made in 119 cases (98%). Two patients needed laparotomy to confirm the diagnosis; both had a disease process that did not require laparotomy to treat. A definitive therapeutic laparoscopic procedure was performed in 53 cases 944%). In 45 patients (38%), a diagnosis was made that did not require therapeutic laparoscopy or laparotomy to treat. In the remaining 21 patients (17.5%), exploratory laparotomy was needed to treat the condition. In a chronic abdominal pain group of 265 patients, the etiology was established laparoscopically in 201 cases (76%). A definitive therapeutic laparoscopic procedure was performed in 128 patients (48%). There was a normal laparoscopic examination in 64 patients (24%). There was one false negative laparoscopy that required laparotomy to treat 1 month later. Conclusions: Laparoscopy is an accurate modality for the diagnosis of both acute and chronic abdominal pain syndromes. These data support the use of laparoscopy as the primary invasive intervention in patients with acute and chronic abdominal pain. Received: 24 March 1997/Accepted: 4 September 1997     

腹腔镜在不明原因急腹症诊治中的应用

目的:探讨腹腔镜在诊断和治疗不明原因急腹症中的作用。方法:回顾分析1992年6月至2004年5月收治的不明原因急腹症84例的临床资料。结果:84例均在腹腔镜下明确诊断,其中68例(81％)在镜下完成手术,8例(9.5％)中转开腹,8例(9.5％)明确诊断后保守治疗。所有病例经腹腔镜探查或治疗后无并发症和死亡发生。腹腔镜术后2-7d出院。结论:腹腔镜诊断不明原因的急腹症不仅准确率高,而且大部分患者可在镜下完成手术,部分不需手术处理的患者避免了不必要的开腹探查,即使需要中转开腹,可在镜下决定开腹手术合适的切口位置及手术方式。     

Impact of increased use of laparoscopy on negative laparotomy rates after penetrating trauma

BACKGROUND: Our institution was one of the first to report the use of laparoscopy in the management of penetrating abdominal trauma (PAT) in 1977. Despite early interest, laparoscopy was rarely used. Changes in 1995 resulted in an increase in interest and use of laparoscopy. We present our recent experience with laparoscopy. METHODS: Our trauma registry and operative log were used to identify patients with blunt and penetrating injuries to the abdomen, back, and flank who underwent laparotomy or laparoscopy during the past 5 years. Patient demographics, operative findings, complications, and length of stay were reviewed. The number of laparoscopic explorations, therapeutic, nontherapeutic, and negative laparotomies were trended. RESULTS: There were 429 abdominal explorations for trauma. The rate of laparoscopy after penetrating injury increased from 8.7% to 16%, and after stab wounds from 19.4% to 27%. There was an associated decrease in the negative laparotomy rate. Laparoscopy prevented unnecessary laparotomy in 25 patients with PAT. Four patients with diaphragm injuries underwent repair laparoscopically. CONCLUSION: An aggressive laparoscopic program can improve patient management after PAT.     

腹腔肿瘤患者腹腔镜术后肿瘤脱落细胞的研究

目的:对比分析腹腔镜手术与开腹手术治疗腹腔内肿瘤术后肿瘤脱落细胞情况,探讨腹腔镜手术治疗腹腔内肿瘤后腹腔内脱落肿瘤细胞情况。方法:将78例腹腔内肿瘤患者依据手术方式分为腹腔镜组(n=39)与开腹组(n=39),术后注入0.9%氯化钠溶液500 ml冲洗腹腔,对比术后腹腔灌洗液内肿瘤脱落细胞阳性率及癌胚抗原(CEA)水平。结果:腹腔镜组与开腹组肿瘤脱落细胞发生率分别为30.8%与53.8%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);CEA水平分别为(6.8±1.4)μg/L与(15.2±1.9)μg/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜手术患者术后肿瘤脱落细胞发生情况及腹腔灌洗液CEA水平明显低于开腹手术,具有明显的可行性、优越性。