二甘醇双油酸酯的合成研究

研究了以二甘醇单油酸酯和油酸作原料进行酸催化酯化反应合成二甘醇双油酸酯的适宜反应条件。     

相转移催化合成蔗糖油酸酯

以蔗糖和油酸酯为原料应用相转移催化剂(PTC)与碱性催化剂结合，合成蔗糖油酸酯，考察了反应时间、反应温度和催化剂用量对蔗糖油酸酯产率的影响，得出反应时间为4h，反应温度为100℃～110℃、催化剂聚乙二醇400(PEG-400)为油酸甲酯摩尔数的8％～10％，蔗糖油酸酯的产率达80％以上，单酯质量分数可以达到50％。     

油酸乙二醇酯油性剂生产工艺的改进

介绍油酸乙二醇酯油性剂的合成原理,工艺过程及其工艺改进的主要内容。工艺改进后,其产品达到各项规定指标,生产周期大为缩短。     

响应面优化褶皱假丝酵母脂肪酶催化合成木质甾醇油酸酯

以木质甾醇转化率为指标,考察了10种常见商业化脂肪酶催化合成木质甾醇油酸酯的效果,确定褶皱假丝酵母脂肪酶(CRL)为优选生物催化剂,进一步筛选出正己烷为优选反应介质.在脂肪酶用量、油酸和木质甾醇的物质的量比、反应温度和反应时间这4个单因素考察基础上,通过响应面分析法对酶催化木质甾醇油酸酯合成工艺条件进行优化,并对优化条件进行验证和放大实验.CRL催化合成木质甾醇油酸酯的优化工艺参数为:CRL添加量为木质甾醇质量的10％,油酸与木质甾醇的物质的量比为3.8:1,反应温度为46℃,反应时间为28 h,木质甾醇的转化率为91.56％±0.25％.     

用新型固体催化剂合成油酸异辛酯

采用新型 AG-1 0 7固体催化剂对油酸异辛酯的合成进行了研究。与浓硫酸 ,对甲苯磺酸、钛酸酯、氧化锌等催化剂进行了比较。实验结果表明 ,AG-1 0 7固体催化剂是合成油酸异辛酯的适宜催化剂。以 AG-1 0 7为催化剂的优化条件为 :催化剂用量为 0 .2 % (质量分数 ) ,反应时间 :2 .5～ 3 .0h,油酸 /异辛醇 =1 / 1 .2 0。以油酸为基准 ,油酸异辛酯产率 97%。     

新型双子乳化剂的合成及其在乳化炸药中的应用

本文首先采用失水山梨醇单油酸酯和马来酸酐为原料合成了失水山梨醇单油酸酯羧基衍生物,然后以失水山梨醇单油酸酯羧基衍生物与大豆磷脂为原料合成了大豆磷脂-失水山梨醇单油酸酯双子乳化剂(PC-SP).通过乳化力考察了PC-SP的动力学稳定性,结果表明PC-SP的动力学稳定性优于失水山梨醇单油酸酯.以PC-SP为乳化剂分别制备了...     

油酸季戊四醇酯的合成

以油酸与季戊四醇为原料合成了油酸季戊四醇酯,研究了原料配比、催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间等对酯化反应的影响。最佳反应条件:季戊四醇与油酸的摩尔比为1:4,一种金属粉末作催化剂,其用量为油酸质量的0.5%,反应温度210-220℃,反应时间4 h,酯化率可达95%以上。该工艺简单可行,产品不经后处理可直接应用。     

聚氧乙烯油酸酯的开发

本文应用正交实验法确立了合成聚氧乙烯油酸酯较佳反应条件,并探讨了不同加成数的聚氧乙烯油酸酯的表面物性规律。     

油酸酰胺的常压合成

对常压下以油酸和氨气为原料催化合成油酸酰胺的方法进行了研究，选出了合适的催化剂和较好的工艺条件。     

逆酯型硫醇甲基锡生产工艺研究

逆酯型甲基锡,也称第二代甲基锡,主要由氯化甲基锡中间体水溶液（简称水溶液）与巯基油酸酯（简称油酸酯）合成而得,由于酯的化学特性不同而称为“逆酯型”。这类甲基锡主要特点是含锡量低,仅为6-9%,含硫量高,具有与第一代甲基锡相同的热稳定效果,但缺点是不可用于制造食品药品包装材料,本文通过对高单甲中间体合成的研究,巯基油酸酯合成的实验,以及最终逆酯型甲基锡合成的中试得出合格成品,并进行了热稳定性实验,得出最终结论。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.