离子液体二氧化碳分离膜研究进展

离子液体支撑液膜在较大跨膜压差（0.25～0.3MPa）下的稳定性较差,具有较好稳定性的聚离子液体膜和离子液体-聚合物共混膜等逐渐被关注。本文综述了离子液体支撑液膜、聚离子液体膜、离子液体?聚合物共混膜等离子液体膜CO2分离性能、分离机理及稳定性的最新研究进展,介绍了无机颗粒-离子液体-聚合物共混膜的研究现状。指出离子液体膜的高CO2渗透通量与高稳定性之间的矛盾、共混膜结构调控难等问题是其工业化应用的主要障碍,提出开发新的膜材料、改进制膜工艺以减小膜厚、优化膜结构是提高膜的CO2渗透和分离性能,并保持膜稳定性的有效途径。无机颗粒-离子液体-聚合物共混膜兼有较高的CO2分离性能和较好稳定性,具有良好的应用前景,对其制备方法、结构、性能及CO2分离机理的研究将成为这一领域的热点。     

离子液体改性PVDF膜的应用研究进展

本文主要综述了近年来离子液体改性PVDF膜(聚偏氟乙烯)在分离领域及其在电池和传感器领域的应用情况。研究发现,离子液体可显著提高改性膜的水通量、截留率、电导率,分离性能,同时改善了膜的微观形状和结构。     

多孔离子传导电池隔膜研究进展

具有高离子选择性和高电导率的离子传导膜对于以新能源为主体的新型电力系统（如液流电池、燃料电池、锂电池等）至关重要。近年来，研究者们提出了构建多孔离子传导膜以应对传统隔膜普遍存在的离子选择性和电导率之间的权衡效应。本综述从无机多孔离子传导膜、有机多孔离子传导膜以及多孔离子传导复合膜三个方面简要概述了近年来多孔离子传导膜作为电池隔膜的最新研究进展，总结了多孔离子传导膜在液流电池、燃料电池、锂电池等新能源电池中的前沿性工作，并指出未来多孔离子传导电池隔膜的研究将重点关注多孔膜结构的调控、高性能多孔膜材料的开发以及多孔膜在新型电池中的应用。     

离子液体膜材料分离二氧化碳的研究进展

离子液体由于具有不易挥发、结构可调、对CO₂有良好的吸收性能等特点而成为当前CO₂分离领域的研究热点,但因高黏度和高成本问题而限制了其工业化应用。将离子液体与气体分离膜材料结合,得到的新型分离膜材料兼具离子液体和膜的优势,成为当前离子液体研究领域的趋势之一。针对这一热点问题,综述了离子液体支撑液膜、聚离子液体膜和离子液体共混/杂化膜在CO₂分离方面的研究现状和进展,讨论了离子液体结构和含量对膜分离性能、稳定性等的影响。相关研究表明,离子液体共混/杂化膜具有较高的分离性能和稳定性,是一种很有应用前景的CO₂分离材料。提出该领域的重点发展方向,即开发新的功能化离子液体共混/杂化膜材料是解决高渗透通量与高稳定性之间矛盾、强化CO₂分离性能的有效途径,深入研究离子液体共混/杂化膜的形成机制、气体在膜中的渗透行为以及CO₂分离机理。     

聚离子液体二氧化碳分离膜材料的研究进展

近年来,全球二氧化碳排放超过370亿吨/年,对气候和自然环境造成严重影响,亟需发展碳捕集、利用与封存技术。气体膜分离是一种条件温和、操作简单的无相变分离技术,随着高渗透性、高选择性膜材料的不断涌现,逐渐成为全球碳捕集技术的主要发展方向。聚离子液体膜材料中含有大量高度亲和二氧化碳的功能基团,有望实现超高渗透选择性,被誉为下一代气体分离膜材料。综述了聚离子液体膜材料的研究进展,以渗透机制为主线重点介绍了面向碳捕集的阳离子型聚离子液体膜材料(主链型和支链型)的设计合成,包括阳离子和阴离子基团的选择,合成途径的选择,以及聚离子液体膜的结构设计优化。讨论了聚离子液体作为二氧化碳分离膜材料的优势和面临的挑战。     

离子液体在膜分离过程中的应用研究进展

介绍了离子液体(ionic liquids)是由有机阳离子和有机或无机阴离子构成的、在室温或室温附近温度下呈液体状态的盐类,是新兴的可替代挥发性有机化合物的绿色溶剂。阐述了离子液体具有熔点低、不易燃、低挥发性(蒸气压接近于零)、高导电能力、电化学窗口宽、可调节性强等独特性质;在二氧化碳、二氧化硫等酸性气体以及苯、环己烷等有机溶剂分离过程中有广泛应用前景。同时,介绍了含有双键等可聚合基团的一类离子液体-聚离子液体[poly(ionic liquid)s,PILs]在二氧化碳吸收方面有特殊表现,指出聚离子液体与聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)共混得到的薄膜材料具有高稳定性、高机械强度以及高电导率,对于缓解能源匮乏以及环境污染等具有重大意义。     

高离子电导率及CO2渗透性聚三唑盐薄膜的制备及性能

通过叠氮化合物和炔基化合物之间的Huisgen反应,结合烷基化和离子置换反应,制备了具有高离子电导率及高CO2渗透性能的新型交联型聚三唑盐薄膜.首先合成了端炔基聚四氢呋喃(DPPTMEG),利用其与双酚A二炔丙基醚(BADPE)及联苯二苄叠氮(DAMDB)间的Huisgen反应及后续的烷基化和阴离子置换反应制得新型交联...     

离子液体嵌段聚合物的应用研究进展

对聚合离子液体嵌段共聚物在电解质、CO2分离膜、聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜改性剂等方面的最新应用研究进展进行综述。最后讨论了目前离子液体嵌段聚合物在发展中存在的问题,并展望了离子液体嵌段聚合物的发展前景。     

聚偏氟乙烯/聚离子液体共混膜的优化制备

研究制备了由聚离子液体(PIL)改性的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)共混膜,探讨了凝固浴组成的变化对PVDF共混膜的影响。通过FTIR、XPS、SEM分析了膜表面的组成及膜孔结构;通过水接触角和机械强度测试分析了膜的性能,并研究了膜对橙黄Ⅳ的吸附容量。实验表明:随着凝固浴中DMF含量的增加,膜的水接触角从77.79°减小到51.94°,亲水性显著增强,膜对橙黄Ⅳ的吸附容量从7.7 mg/g增加到16.1 mg/g,实现对PVDF膜的优化改性。     

一种新型聚醚离子液体电解质的制备和表征

以端羟基聚环氧氯丙烷(PECH)、N-甲基咪唑(NMIM)为原料,制备了一种新型的含端羟基的聚醚离子液体(NMIM-g-PECH)。考察了反应温度、反应配比、反应时间、接枝PECH的数均相对分子质量对反应接枝率的影响;用红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对聚醚离子液体进行了结构表征;对聚醚离子液体的溶解性、电化学稳定性和离子导电性进行了分析。结果表明合成聚醚离子液体的较优工艺条件为:反应时间10h,反应温度40℃,n(PECH中氯甲基):n(NMIM)=1.0:1.8,PECH的数均相对分子质量为1000,此条件下反应接枝率可达82.3%;所得聚醚离子液体具有良好溶解性、电化学稳定性、离子电导性能,质量分数为5%的这种聚醚离子液体甲醇溶液室温电导率可达2.40×10-3S/cm。     

Victrex® poly(ethersulfone) (PES) and Victrex® poly(etheretherketone) (PEEK)

Properties of two high performance engineering thermoplastics, amorphous polyethersulfone (PES) and semicrystalline polyetheretherketone (PEEK), are discussed. Both resins can be processed by conventional techniques, compounded with high performance fibers, and have high service temperature (up to 300°C). Due to the amorphous character PES can be dissolved and spray coated into metals.     

Photopyroelectric Spectroscopic Studies of ZnO-MnO(2)-Co(3)O(4)-V(2)O(5) Ceramics

Photopyroelectric (PPE) spectroscopy is a nondestructive tool that is used to study the optical properties of the ceramics (ZnO + 0.4MnO(2) + 0.4Co(3)O(4) + xV(2)O(5)), x = 0-1 mol%. Wavelength of incident light, modulated at 10 Hz, was in the range of 300-800 nm. PPE spectrum with reference to the doping level and sintering temperature is discussed. Optical energy band-gap (E(g)) was 2.11 eV for 0.3 mol% V(2)O(5) at a sintering temperature of 1025 °C as determined from the plot (ρhυ)(2)versushυ. With a further increase in V(2)O(5), the value of E(g) was found to be 2.59 eV. Steepness factor 'σ(A)' and 'σ(B)', which characterize the slope of exponential optical absorption, is discussed with reference to the variation of E(g). XRD, SEM and EDAX are also used for characterization of the ceramic. For this ceramic, the maximum relative density and grain size was observed to be 91.8% and 9.5 μm, respectively.     

(Ba_(1-α)Sr_α)_(4.8)(Sm_(0.7)La_(0.3))_(8.8)Ti_(18)O_(54)陶瓷的微波介电性能

采用固相合成法制备了(Ba(1-α)Srα)4.8(Sm0.7La0.3)8.8Ti18O54(α=0.1～0.5)系陶瓷,表征了该陶瓷的相组成和显微结构,测试了微波介电性能.结果表明:α=0.3时,(Ba(1-α)Srα)4.8(Sm0.7La0.3)8.8Ti18O54系陶瓷为单相的新钨青铜结构固溶体.α>0.3时,相继出现了第二相BaLa2Ti4O12和La0.66TiO2.993.随α的增加,(Ba(1-α)Srα)4.8(Sm0.7La0.3)8.8Ti18O54系陶瓷的相对介电常数(εr)先增大后有所波动,品质因数(Qf)先增大后减小,谐振频率温度系数(τf)单调减小.α=0.3时,在1 350℃烧结的陶瓷的微波介电性能最佳:εr=98.77,Qf=5184GHz,τf=10.9×10-6/℃,优于不掺杂的BaO-Sm2O3-TiO2陶瓷的.     

Calcium silicate hydrate (II) (“C-S-H(II)”)

This semicrystalline phase, originally named ‘calcium silicate hydrate(II)’ by Taylor (1950), has been studied with X-rays, electron optics, chemical investigation of silicate anion type, infrared spectra, and thermal methods. It is structurally related to jennite (C₉S₆H₁₁) and probably also to the fibrous CSH of cement pastes, the three phases forming a sequence of decreasing crystallinity. The specimen studied had approximate composition C₂SH_3.2 after standing over saturated CaCλ₂ at about 15°C. CSH(II) contains metasilicate chains and pyrosilicate groups and has a disordered layer structure. Much of the water can be lost reversibly without significant change in lattice parameters.     

Poly(butadiene-acrylic acid(g)acrylonitrile(g)acrylic acid)

Summary In the present work we describe, the synthesis and characterization of a new gel obtained by crosslinking a cooligomer of butadiene-acrylic acid (BuAA), by reaction with acrylonitrile and acrylic acid. The purified product was characterized by FTIR, elemental analyses and scanning electronic microscopy. The thermal properties were studied and swelling indexes were determined in different solvents and at different pH values. The capacity of poly(butadiene-acrylic acid(g)acrylonitrile(g)acrylic acid) [gel A] to separate different organic substances, such as amino acids and colorants, was determined.     

Thermal studies of blends of poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) with poly(phenylene sulfide sulfone) (PPSS) and with poly(phenylene sulfide ether) (PPSE)

The miscibilities of poly(phenylene) sulfide/poly(phenylene sulfide sulfone) (PPS/PPSS) and poly(phenylene) sulfide/poly(phenylene sulfide ether) (PPS/PPSE) blends were invesigated in terms of shifts of glass transition temperatures T_g of pure PPS, PPSS, a dn PPSE. The crystallization kinetics of PPS/PPSS blends was also studied as a function of molar composition. The PPS/PPSS and PPS/PPSE blends are respectively partially and fully miscible. PPSE shows a plasticizing effect on PPS as does PPS on PPSS, which necessarily improves te processibility in the respective systems. We can control T_g and melting temperature T_m of PPS by varying amounts of PPSE in blends. The melt crystallization temperature T_mc of PPS/PPSE blends was higher than that of the PPSE homopolymer. Therefore, these blends require shorter cycle times in processing than pure PPSE. The overall rate of crystallization for PPS/PPSS blends follows the Avrami equation with an exponent ?2. The maximal rate of crystallization for PPS/PPSS blends occurs at a temperatre higher by 10°C than that for PPS, while the crystallization half time t_1/2 is 4 times shorter. In the cold crystallization range, crystal growth rates increase and Avrami exponents decrease significantly as the temperature increases.     

Photooxidative stability of substituted poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV) and poly(phenylene acetylene) (PPA)

The addition of side groups to improve the photooxidative stability of polymers used in polymer-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is explored. Infrared spectroscopy and computational chemistry techniques are used to study the effects of chemical substitution of the reactive vinylene moiety in poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV). The bond order of the vinylene group in small oligomers is calculated using semiempirical techniques to assess the improvement in stability toward oxidants such as singlet oxygen. We find that PPV dimers allow relative comparisons across a range of possible substitutions. Experimental results correlate well with these calculations. The addition of electron-withdrawing substituents, such as nitrile groups, to the vinylene moiety is found to be particularly effective in reducing the reactivity of alkoxy-substituted PPV toward singlet oxygen. The photooxidative stability of a poly(phenylene acetylene) (PPA) derivative is also studied. It appears that this family of polymers is more stable toward photooxidation than are its PPV analogs. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 2451–2458, 1998     

Chemical cross-linking of conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) using poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)

Hybrid films of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) were prepared with different molecular weights of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). The cross-linking reaction between PEO and PEDOT:PSS was performed at high temperature and confirmed by using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), contact angle measurement, and solid-state ¹H NMR. The effect of chemical reaction on the conductivity and morphology of these hybrid films was studied by using 4-point probe and atomic force microscope (AFM), respectively. As-spun PEO/PEDOT:PSS films have lower electric conductivity due to the addition of nonconductive PEO, and exhibits no molecular weight dependence on conductivity. After chemical cross-linking reaction at high temperature, only PEDOT:PSS films with lowest molecular weight PEO additives show enhanced conductivity with increasing reaction time. AFM result indicates that the heat-treated PEO/PEDOT:PSS hybrid films show grain-like morphology compared to ethylene glycol treated PEDOT:PSS films which shows continuous PEDOT domain. In the present work we demonstrate that the cross-linking reaction can be used to improve the wet stability of PEDOT:PSS nanofiber, showing good water resistance and excellent dimensional stability.