Effects of blade rotation angle deviations on mixed-flow pump hydraulic performance

By model test and numerical simulation,this paper analyzed the effects of different blades with varying rotation angle deviations on the hydraulic performance of a mixed-flow pump.It was found that when some blades had rotation angle deviations,the hydraulic performance curves of the mixed-flow pump would move.With a positive deviation,the curves moved towards the large flow rate;with a negative deviation,the curves moved towards the small flow rate.When some blades had rotation angle deviations,the symmetry and uniformity of the pressure distribution inside the mixed-flow pump flow passage both decreased;the larger the deviation,the greater the decrease.When a single blade had a large rotation angle deviation,a rather clear low pressure area was formed,lowering the cavitation performance.When two adjacent blades changed simultaneously,under the small flow rate condition,adverse pressure gradient and flow separation occurred in the flow field,and a hump appeared in the head curve and the operation stability of the mixed-flow pump dropped significantly.Near the best efficiency point(BEP),the simultaneous change of two alternate blades produced a more significant change of pressure in the flow passage,with an even larger area.Compared to the effect of two adjacent blades,two alternate blades,when changed simultaneously,made the mixed-flow pump slightly less efficient,but with a flatter efficiency curve and relatively wider high efficiency area.By fitting the test results,a functional relation among the BEP of the mixed-flow pump QBEP,the number of deviated blades N,and blade rotation angle deviationαwas established,thus realizing an effective prediction of the BEP of the mixed-flow pump when blade rotation angles have deviations.By model test and numerical simulation,this paper analyzed the effects of different blades with varying rotation angle deviations on the hydraulic performance of a mixed-flow pump.It was found that when some blades had rotation angle deviations,the hydraulic performance curves of the mixed-flow pump would move.With a positive deviation,the curves moved towards the large flow rate;with a negative deviation,the curves moved towards the small flow rate.When some blades had rotation angle deviations,the symmetry and uniformity of the pressure distribution inside the mixed-flow pump flow passage both decreased;the larger the deviation,the greater the decrease.When a single blade had a large rotation angle deviation,a rather clear low pressure area was formed,lowering the cavitation performance.When two adjacent blades changed simultaneously,under the small flow rate condition,adverse pressure gradient and flow separation occurred in the flow field,and a hump appeared in the head curve and the operation stability of the mixed-flow pump dropped significantly.Near the best efficiency point(BEP),the simultaneous change of two alternate blades produced a more significant change of pressure in the flow passage,with an even larger area.Compared to the effect of two adjacent blades,two alternate blades,when changed simultaneously,made the mixed-flow pump slightly less efficient,but with a flatter efficiency curve and relatively wider high efficiency area.By fitting the test results,a functional relation among the BEP of the mixed-flow pump QBEP,the number of deviated blades N,and blade rotation angle deviationαwas established,thus realizing an effective prediction of the BEP of the mixed-flow pump when blade rotation angles have deviations.     

动叶轮叶片数对多相混输泵水力性能的影响

为了探究动叶轮叶片数对多相混输泵外特性、做功性能和水力特性的影响规律,基于欧拉非均质流模型,利用CFX软件对不同动叶轮叶片数下的多相混输泵在多种流量工况、入口含气率10%的条件下进行数值计算。研究发现:流量在90 m3/h及以下时,动叶轮叶片数对扬程和效率的变化趋势影响相对较小,而随着流量的增加,四叶片动叶轮会使混输泵扬程和效率的下降程度增大;当动叶轮叶片数为3时,多相混输泵的外特性、叶片表面静压分布、载荷分布和水力特性等均优于动叶轮叶片数为4时的性能。本文的研究结果可为多相混输泵动叶轮叶片数的选择提供参考。     

液力变矩器叶片三维成型法及其性能分析

探讨了液力变矩器叶片三维成型方法,提出了叶片三维成型方法的基本设计流程。通过对不同参数变化规律生成的泵轮、涡轮、导轮的叶型进行对比分析,总结出液力变矩器叶片角变化对液力变矩器性能影响的基本规律。通过CAD/CFD技术完成叶片的设计和相应变矩器性能的计算。同时,通过与作为基型的W305型液力变矩器的比较,证明了研究结论的可靠性。     

可调式轴流泵叶片力矩特性研究

本文对可调式轴流泵浆叶的力矩特性进行了研究。首先,确定了各种型式的浆叶在不同安放角下所对应的理论计算方式。接着,通过对可调式轴流泵进行力矩特性实验,确定实际运行翼型与力矩的关系。结果表明:理论与实验均能得到轴流泵叶片的力矩特性。实验得到的水力矩特性曲线存在马鞍型区,在此区内伴有机组振动,叶型汽蚀。     

考虑叶顶间隙的螺旋轴流式混输泵主流道内空化特性

为揭示叶顶间隙对螺旋轴流式混输泵主流道内空化特性的影响,基于Rayleigh-Plesset方程的Zwart-Gerber-Belamri空化模型,采用SST k-ω湍流模型在不同空化阶段下对螺旋轴流式混输泵主流道内的空化特性进行研究,通过考虑叶顶间隙更为精准地揭示螺旋轴流式混输泵主流道的空化情况。结果表明:在叶顶处,除了流道内出现低压区和空泡外,在叶片吸力面表面也出现低压区和空泡分布;在临界空化阶段,叶轮进口以及叶片进口叶顶间隙处存在微弱的空泡分布;随着空化的发展,到断裂空化阶段,空泡分布区域由叶片压力面移动到叶片吸力面,说明叶顶间隙对混输泵主流道内的空化性能产生较大的影响。本文的研究结果可为螺旋轴流式混输泵空化性能的改善提供工程参考。     

轴流泵前置导轮的结构形式及水力特性研究

为消除大中型轴流泵站因进口流态不良引起的汽蚀、振动和噪音,同时探讨将前置导轮用于轴流泵吸入性能调节的可能性,分析研究了前置导轮的结构和特性,包括导轮三种水力设计方案的叶片形式及其水力特性、导轮对主叶轮性能的影响以及导轮的主要结构参数等．     

旋流泵反转透平水力和汽蚀性能的CFD预测

旋流泵有无堵塞以及它的耐磨损性能,使其具有作为透平应用于多杂物多泥沙河流发电和工业固液两相流程余能回收的可能性,但该方面的研究目前还是空白。本文采用CFD方法计算比转速为76的旋流泵反转作为透平时的单相和空化紊流流动,在泵工况下将水力和汽蚀性能计算结果与试验值进行对比。结果表明:旋流泵可以作为透平产生动力,但透平最优工况与泵最优工况相距较远,汽蚀性能也差很多;尾水管存在与叶轮同向旋转的涡流,其中心存在空腔涡带。汽蚀性能的改善和空腔涡带的控制可能是未来要解决的关键问题。     

基于水力损失计算的离心泵叶轮叶片出口安放角选择方法

为提高离心泵的效率,在泵叶轮内水力损失计算的基础上,通过推导建立叶轮水力效率和流量、转速、叶片数、比转速、出口安放角及叶轮设计系数的函数关系。据此关系,针对一台Q=100 m3/h、H=34 m、n=2 900 r/min的泵,编写性能预测程序,得出不同叶片数、不同k₀取值下的叶片出口安放角和水力效率的关系,可知当叶片数Z=5、β₂=29°、k₀=4.2时,叶轮水力效率最高。按设计参数设计叶轮,并构建叶轮和蜗壳模型,利用FULENT软件对其内部流场进行数值模拟,得出在设计参数下泵的水力效率达到89.43%,证明了用所提出的方法可以设计出高效的离心泵叶轮。     

离心泵的空化流数值模拟与空化余量预测

空化余量是泵非常重要的性能指标之一,目前主要依靠试验来确定。如何在离心泵设计过程中较为准确地预测出必须的空化余量对优化设计和提高运行稳定性等方面十分重要。针对离心泵运行过程中发生空化时的流动特点,基于Rayleigh—Plesset方程来描述空泡生长和溃灭过程的空泡动力学模型,采用混合空化两相流模型和三维全流道两相流流动数值模拟技术,探索通过数值试验来预测空化余量的方法。对一低比转速离心泵进行全流道空化流数值模拟,通过改变NPSHa来模拟试验工况,数值模拟预测出各模拟试验工况下的扬程、叶片表面压力分布、叶片表面空化发生区域以及流道内空泡体积率分布,从而预测该泵的NPSHr,其预测结果与试验值的误差小于10％。     

基于障碍物的轴流泵叶片空化控制

基于前期水翼云空化控制与轴流泵空化机理的研究成果，面向轴流泵叶片的空化控制，设计并列障碍物条放置于叶片吸力面特定位置. 采用数值模拟与水洞实验方法，研究障碍物的空化控制效果与机理. 结果表明，障碍物虽然对泵的水力效率造成一定影响，在设计点效率下降5.6%，但诱发的前部高压可以有效控制叶片前缘片状空化的产生与发展. 障碍物自身诱发了一定程度的剪切空化团，因与前缘空化产生机理与位置不同，剪切空化具备较强的抗扰动能力，能够有效抵抗来流干扰引起的空化不稳定性.     

核电站重要厂用水泵叶片磨损对其性能的影响

为研究叶片磨损对重要厂用水泵水力性能、内流特性等的影响,应用CFD 软件基于标准k?ε 湍流模型,通过数值计算方法对重要厂用水泵进行定常与非定常计算,分析叶片不同程度磨损下蜗壳流道内水力性能、内流特性、压力脉动的情况。结果表明:叶片磨损会使叶轮流道内湍动能增加,局部产生低压区;随着磨损程度的增加,低压区逐渐向叶轮流道内扩散并最终至全部流道,使重要厂用水泵流场运行不稳定,扬程、效率降低,磨损5/20 时扬程和效率与未磨损时相比均降低1.2%;随着磨损程度的增加,压力脉动的波形变得紊乱,轴频幅值仅次于主频,且越来越高,开始占据主导地位;频域图中,峰值随着磨损程度的增加逐渐上升,说明叶片磨损使泵内流动变得不稳定,波动加剧。     

导管螺旋桨不同桨叶的叶梢泄露涡分析

为了深入探讨叶梢泄露涡的流动机理,研究了导管螺旋桨中桨叶螺距比与盘面比对叶梢泄露涡的影响,以及不同桨叶中叶梢泄露涡、叶梢负荷与叶梢泄露流三者之间的关联. 采用数值方法对不同桨叶的导管螺旋桨流场进行了模拟分析. 结果表明: 当螺距比增大,叶梢泄露涡逐渐远离桨叶吸力面,涡核空化数降低;当盘面比增大,叶梢泄露涡的轨迹基本不变化,涡核空化数提高; 叶梢泄露流通过与叶梢泄露涡之间的流动剪切作用影响叶梢泄露涡的发展;叶梢泄露流流速受到叶梢负荷的影响,负荷越高的位置,叶梢泄露流的速度也越高．     

Effects of operating condition on fish behavior and fish injury in an axial pump

In this study, fish behavior and fish injury at different operating conditions are investigated via numerical simulation to evaluate the fish-friendliness of an axial pump that comprises an inlet pipe, a rotor with six blades, a stator with eight vanes, and an outlet pipe. To precisely obtain the flow field when the fish passes through the axial pump, a hybrid large eddy simulation and immersed boundary method is adopted with the full consideration of the fluid-structure interaction comprehensively. The results indicate that the collision between the fish and the wall of flow components in the axial pump is concentrated near the inlet of the rotor, which results in the complexity of the fish trajectory, especially under the large flow rate condition. It is noted that the fish is likely to move in the reverse direction of the main flow after the impact with the rotor blade if the flow rate coefficient is too large, which increases the possibility of collision between the fish and the rotor blade. It is also indicated that the primary factor affecting the strike injury on the fish when it passes through the axial pump is the strike between the fish and the leading edge of the rotor blade. In addition, the strike injury becomes more significant as the flow rate coefficient increases. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the fish may simultaneously suffer from strike, pressure, and shear stress injuries, once the collision between the fish and the wall of flow components occurs in the axial pump, thus aggravating the combined damage on the fish. Based on these results, it is recommended that hydraulic machinery should not be operated at large flow rates during fish migration from the view of fish-friendliness.

     

风力发电机叶片的雾凇覆冰数值模拟

为了解风力发电机叶片覆冰情况,以某型300 kW风力发电机叶片为研究对象,根据切片-重构的思想,将叶片划分为有限个截面,基于叶片覆冰的物理过程,采用边界元法对风力发电机叶片的空气流场进行计算;采用拉格朗日法分析计算水滴在叶片表面的碰撞过程;通过迭代计算和冰形重构模拟覆冰增长过程,从而建立风力发电机叶片三维雾凇覆冰增长模...     

逆向与正向结合的导叶式混流泵叶片系统反求设计

以某型混流式核主泵的叶轮叶片和导水机构叶片为研究对象,采用在逆向设计的基础上,正向设计校核迭代的技术来探索一条不破坏产品的前提下反求导叶式混流泵的复杂叶片系统的曲面几何数据方法。在不能获取叶片系统的完整曲面数据的情况下,采用叶片数字化设计方法建立沿回转流面上叶型曲线为参数线以便于修改控制的原始叶片系统的近似三维曲面几何模型,并将该模型与其他过流部件组成泵的全流道模型,在0.2~1.2Q_d（设计流量）范围进行泵的全流道流场数值模拟,预测计算出外特性,再与原泵的试验外特性对比,以评估反求的叶片系统流道曲面的准确性。工程应用实践表明,该方法既保证了反求精度又较好地解决了泵的叶片系统反求设计问题。     

Analogy Theory and Application of Pressure Difference of Wind Turbine Blade Profile

风力发电叶片翼型型线理论及应用

张照煌,Aqeel Muhammad,张峻,刘青,李魏魏,宋玉旺

（华北电力大学 能源动力与机械工程学院 ,北京 102206）

中文说明：

经研究发现,在流动空气与风电叶片相互作用规律的过程中,真空中自由下落的空气团的形态与前后压差作用下流动的空气（风）非常相似;因此,本文提出以重量比拟压差设计风电叶片翼型型线的理论,即：空气团流过风电叶片翼型线的时间最短及应有尽可能多的空气团作用于该翼型线;以此为基础,本文推导出风电叶片翼型型线方程并进行了应用研究;通过从现有翼型库中选取三种相似翼型进行模拟对比,结果表明用本文建立的风电叶片翼型线方程设计的翼型线翼型(“SJX翼型”)在攻角变化时的升力及升力系数较所选取的三种翼型有较大的提升,翼型生阻比亦有小幅提升,且流动空气作用在气动中心的力矩均较大,验证了论文建立的风电叶片翼型线方程设计翼型型线的可行性和有效性,从而为风电叶片翼型型线设计理论的发展提供了新尝试和有益借鉴。

关键词：风力发电叶片;重量比拟压差;翼型型线;生阻比;翼型设计

     

低比转速离心泵驼峰稳定性及其影响因素研究

为了提高低比转速离心泵的效率,一般会将叶轮叶片出口角加大一些,但会引起H-Q曲线有驼峰,导致泵在小流量区运行不稳定.本文以国内某水泵厂生产的比转速为47的单级单吸式离心泵为研究对象,采用正交试验法选择叶轮出口边斜切比、出口角度、叶轮轴线倾斜角度、叶片包角、叶片进口边位置5个因素,每个因素采用4个水平,一共16个叶轮设计...     

基于非定常空化流动的离心泵涡旋结构数值分析

To elucidate the formation mechanism of the vortex structure in cavitation flow, the unsteady cavitation flow field of the centrifugal pump was investigated by simulation. The two-dimensional vortex structure on the mid-section was examined based on the method with velocity components. The vorticity on the blade surface and the evolution of the periodicity was compared. In addition to investigate the three-dimensional vortex structure in the impeller passage, the new Omega vortex identification method was also utilized. The results show that: as the NPSHa decreases, the cavity coverage area grows progressively, and the local vortices emerge and the flow in the pump becomes disordered. Due to the effect of cavitation flow field, the vortex structure is mostly formed and evolved on the blade suction surface. During the critical cavitation, the vortex is also detached the blade surface as the cavity rolls up. At the effect of rotor-stator interaction, the blade trailing vortex sheds and attaches to the volute wall at the front end of the tongue. According to the Omega method, the structure of the three-dimensional vortex within the cavity is stable. At the critical cavitation condition, the structure of the three-dimensional vortex downstream of the impeller passage is fragmented and disordered.     

入口导流栅几何参数对高速泵诱导轮空化特性的影响

高速离心泵空化问题机理相对复杂,通常认为诱导轮间隙泄漏涡与回流漩涡是影响高速离心泵空化的主要原因。本文通过在诱导轮入口前增设导流栅来抑制旋转涡,达到提高离心泵空化性能的目的。采用RNG k-ε湍流模型,对带有矩形、椭圆形两种不同形状导流栅的离心泵进行全流场模拟,分析高速离心泵全流场数值计算结果,对比增置导流栅前后离心泵空化特性以及进口段流场。结果表明:带椭圆形导流栅的离心泵临界空化数有所降低,空化性能得到改善;增设导流栅后,诱导轮进口段旋转强度明显减弱,离心泵扬程均有明显提升,其中椭圆形导流栅方案较原方案提高了3%。     

采用粒子群算法的水平轴潮流能水轮机翼型多目标优化

为了提高水平轴潮流能水轮机叶片翼型空化性能,提出一种基于粒子群算法（PSO）的翼型性能多目标优化方法,主要针对较大攻角下翼型表面压力系数最小值;同时为保证翼型水动力性能,以翼型压力系数最小值及升力系数等建立多目标优化函数.通过程序调用XFoil对优化翼型水动力性能进行过程分析,替代计算流体动力学（CFD）分析,节省优化时间.采用此方法对NACA63-815翼型进行优化并采用CFD方法重点研究2个攻角工况下优化翼型与原翼型在3个空化数（1.0、1.5和2.0）下的空泡分布对比.结果表明,优化翼型在6.8°和10.8°攻角下压力系数最小值分别提升了17.0%和45.8%,最大升阻比提高了6.0%和61.1%.翼型的空化初生及全空化性能均得到明显提升,水动力性能也得到了提升,验证了此优化方法的可行性.