A novel approach to investigate effect of magnetic field on dynamic properties of natural rubber based isotropic thick magnetorheological elastomers in shear mode

The preparation of natural rubber based isotropic thick magnetorheological elastomers(MRE) was focused on by varying the percentage volume concentration of carbonyl iron powder and developing a test set up to test the dynamic properties. Effect of magnetic field on the damping ratio was studied on the amplification region of the transmissibility curve. The viscoelastic dynamic damping nature of the elastomer was also studied by analyzing the force-displacement hysteresis graphs. The results show that MR effect increases with the increase in magnetic field as well as carbonyl iron powder particle concentration. It is observed that softer matrix material produces more MR effect. A maximum of 125% improvement in the loss factor is observed for the MRE with 25% carbonyl iron volume concentration. FEMM simulation shows that as carbonyl iron particle distribution becomes denser, MR effect is improved. FEMM analysis also reveals that if the distance between the adjacent iron particles are reduced from 20 μm to 10 μm, a 40% increase in stored energy is observed.     

Selective recognition in molecularly imprinted polymer and its chromatographic characterization for cinchonine

A molecularly imprinting polymer (MIP) was synthesized via bulk polymerization under different conditions using anti-ague drug cinchonine (CN) as template. Infrared spectra (IR) results show that the template CN and functional monomer α-methyl acrylic acid (MAA) formed complexes before polymerization and the structure of complexes was simulated by Hyperchem. The results indicate that there are hydrogen bond or ionic bond between functional monomer and template molecule in acetonitrile solution. The MIP made in cold-initiated photo-polymerization has higher separation performance than that in the therm-initiated polymerization. The separation of the isomers CN and cinchonidine (CD) can be successfully obtained when its separate factor α reaches 1.82. Scatchard analysis suggests that the MIP recognizing CN with two classes of binding sites. The partition coefficient K _{d, 1} and apparent maximum number n _{max, 1} of binding sites with high affinity are 131.43 μmol/L and 58.90 μmol/g, respectively, while K _{d, 2} and n _{max, 2} of binding sites with low affinity are 2.32 mmol/L and 169.08 mmol/g, respectively. Foundation item: Project(2004035085) supported by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China; project(04JJ3080) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province     

The structure and properties of Fe3O4／P （NaUA-St-BA）magnetic composite nano particles

Fe3O4/P (NaUA-St-BA) core-shell composite micro spheres were in situ prepared by soapless polymerization of styrene and butyl acrylate, with Fe3O4 magnetic colloidal particles coated with NaUA. The results of IR and XRD analysis demonstrated that the desired polymer chains have been covalently bonded to the surface of Fe3O4 nano particles. The morphology analysis by TEM confirmed that the composite particles have the core-shell structure and a relatively uniform diameter of about 100nm. The magnetic properties of the obtained composite latex particles were measured by VSM and found that they exhibited super paramagnetic properties.Finally, the prepared magnetic composite particles latex is stable for several months.     

Effect of Spherical Particle Size on the Electrochemical Properties of Lithium Iron Phosphate

The effect of spherical particle size on the surface morphology, electrochemical property and processability of lithium iron phosphate was systematically studied. Spherical lithium iron phosphate with different particle size distributions controlled with ball time of precursor slurry was prepared by spray drying method. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscope(SEM), charge and discharge measurements and EIS. The electrochemical performances of the sample materials were measured by coin cells and 14500 batteries. XRD shows that the spherical lithium iron phosphate with different particle sizes all have good crystal structure due to the perfect mixing of the raw materials and rapid drying. The lithium iron phosphate microsphere with different particle sizes self-assembled with submicron primary particles has a core-shell structure. The longer ball time the precursors are, the smaller the active material particles are prepared. The electrode material with 6 h ball time of precursor slurry has the best physical properties and the processability. The composite has a uniform particle size and higher tap density of 1.46 g/cm~3, which delivers a discharge capacity of 167.6 mAh/g at a discharge rate of 0.5 C. The results were confirmed by the 14 500 mA·h cylindrical batteries, which delivers a discharge capacity of 579 mAh at 0.5 C. And low-temperature performance with capacity of 458.5 mA h at -20?C under a discharge rate of 0.5 C is the 79.2% of the same discharge rate at 25 ?C. Otherwise, the 14500 batteries also exhibit excellent cycling performance and the capacity maintains 93% after 2 000 cycles.     

Comparison of Isothermal Oxidation Behavior of Co-10Cr-xSi (x=0, 5, 10) Alloys at 1.073.K

The oxidation behavior of Co-10Cr-xSi (x=0, 5, 10, nominal composition, at%) alloys in 0.1.MPa pure O₂ at 1.073.K was investigated. Co-10Cr presents the worst oxidation resistance with the mass gain of about 7.531.mg/cm² after 24.h oxidation, while Co-10Cr-10Si presents the best oxidation resistance with the much lower mass gain of about 0.078.mg/cm². Co-10Cr-10Si is about two magnitudes lower than that of Co-10Cr. The oxidation behavior of Co-10Cr-5Si is intermediate between that of Co-10Cr and Co-10Cr-10Si. The nodular oxides have occupied most of the alloy surface, and their microstructure is similar to Co-10Cr, to some extent. On the contrary, only a fraction of the surface is covered by the Cr₂O₃ layer, whose microstructure is similar to that of Co-10Cr-10Si.     

HYBRID AND CHARACTERISTIC OF POLYANILINE- BARIUM TITANATE NANOCOMPOSITE PARTICLES

Polyaniline-barium titanate (PAn-Ba-TiO_3) ultrafine composite particles were prepared by the oxidative polymerization of aniline with H_2O_2 while barium titanate nanoparticles were synthesized with a sol-gel method. The infrared spectrogram shows that the polymerization of PAn in the hybrid process of PAn-BaTiO_3 is similar with the polymeric process of pure aniline, and there is interaction of PAn and BaTiO_3 in the PAn-Ba-TiO_3. SEM and TEM results show that the average diameter of the composite particles is 1.50/~m and the diameters of BaTiO_3 nanoparticles are 5—15 nm in the composite particle. The electrical conductivity of the ultrafine composite particles is transformable from 10~0 to 10~(11)S/cm by equilibrium doping or dedoping method using various concentration of HCl or NaOH solutions.     

Model of In Situ Composite of Cobalt(Ⅱ)-Phthalocyanine and Carbonyl Iron for Organic/Inorganic Nanocomposites

Cobalt-phthalocyanine/iron nanocomposite particles have been obtained using method of composite in situ, with the mixture of carbonyl iron and solution of cobalt ( Ⅱ ) - phthalocyanine (Co-Pc) ultrasonic dispersing in N,N-dimethyl-formamide (DMF). Structure characterization of their inner and surface have relation with method of carbonyl iron joined in the mixture, contents of carbonyl iron and Co-Pc in the mixture of Co-Pc ultrasonic dispersing in DMF. With a method of composite in situ controlling reasonable experiment condition, it can be obtained that cobalt-phthalocyanine/iron nanocomposite particles has completely been covered with Co-Pc, they had structure of Chinese gooseberry in inner and mere made up of almost regular spherical shape and the average diameter is 1. 4 μm.     

Damping of magnetorheological elastomers

The damping property of magnetorheological elastomers(MREs) is characterized by a modified dynamic mechanical-magnetic coupled analyzer.The influence of external magnetic flux density,damping of matrix,content of iron particles,dynamic strain and driving frequency on the MREs’ damping was investigated experimentally.The results indicate that the MREs’ damping property depends on the interfacial slip between the inner particles and the matrix.Different from the general composite materials,the interfacial slip in MRE is affected by the external applied magnetic field.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Biodegradable Poly Copolymers

Novel biodegradable aliphatic polyesters, poly(butylene succinate-co-triethylene glycol succinate) (P(BS-co-TEGS)) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), were synthesized through a two-step procedure of esterification and polycondensation with succinic acid and 1, 4-butanediol/triethylene glycol as raw materials as well as tetrabutyl titanate and diphenylphosphinic acid as the co-catalysts. The chemical structure and molecular weight of the copolymers were characterized by ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC), respectively. In addition, thermal properties, crystal structure and mechanical properties were also analyzed with various techniques. P(BS-co-TEGS) exhibited more excellent mechanical properties than PBS, especially in elongation at break. Meanwhile, the crystal structure and thermal stability of the P(BS-co-TEGS) have hardly changed. The crystallinity of P (BS-co-TEGS) was lower than that of PBS and decreased with the increase of mole ratio of triethylene glycol. With the increase of TEGS unit molar composition, the melting point (T_m), crystallization temperatures (T_c) and heat of fusion (Δ H_m) of P(BS-co-TEGS) decreased, while glass transition temperature (T_g) increased.     

Pressureless sintered 3Y-TZP/20%Al2O3 composite ceramic

Nanometer 3Y-TZP/20%Al₂O₃ (mass fraction) composite powders prepared by the chemical coprecipitation method were pressureless sintered at 1550 °C for 2 h. Effects of calcining temperatures at 800 °C, 1 000 °C, and 1 200 °C on phase structure, relative density, and Vicker’s hardness of the sintered bodies were studied. The results show that 1 000 °C was the optimal calcining temperature, and the powder calcined was composed of tetragonal zirconia with the Scherrer crystalline size of 6.3nm. The relative density was up to 98.5% under pressureless sintering, and the sintered body was t-ZrO₂ (without m-ZrO₂)+α-Al₂O₃ with the average size of 0.4 μm. Foundation item: State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy(No.9706-36) Biography of the first author: YIN Bang-yao, born in 1966, majoring in advanced ceramic materials.     

微纳米金属铁粉的燃烧特性试验研究

运用热重分析手段对微纳米尺度金属铁粉燃料的着火和燃烧特性进行了研究.通过不同微米、纳米尺度金属铁粉燃烧过程的热重试验,分析不同粒径金属铁粉的燃烧特性,计算不同微米、纳米尺度金属铁粉在空气中燃烧的着火点、最高燃烧温度和表观活化能.结果表明,30～110nm粒径范围的纳米尺度铁粉的平均着火温度为280℃左右,最高燃烧温度为750～950℃,表观活化能为20～30kJ/mol;2～5μm亚微米级铁粉着火点为380℃,最高燃烧温度为950～990℃,表观活化能为37kJ/mol;而40μm的微米级铁粉着火温度为600℃左右,最高燃烧温度达到1000℃,表观活化能为58kJ/mol.随着颗粒粒径从微米减小到纳米尺度,金属颗粒的比表面积迅速增大,造成TG/DTG曲线上最大增重梯度所对应的反应温度和最高燃烧温度均明显降低,燃烧着火点温度明显降低,表观活化能迅速减小,因此反应活性随粒径的减小迅速提高.     

磁性絮凝剂的原位共沉淀合成及其在煤泥水处理中的应用

为了使絮凝剂具有磁性,从而可通过磁絮凝方法处理污水,通过将聚丙烯酰胺(polyacrylamide,PAM)高分子絮凝剂在铁盐溶液中溶胀-原位共沉淀的方法制备了含铁PAM复合絮凝剂,利用多种表征手段对复合絮凝剂的结构及磁性进行了系统分析.研究表明:复合絮凝剂中磁性物主要以Fe3O4磁铁矿的形态较均匀地分布于PAM的高分子结构中,平均粒径8~18 nm;复合絮凝剂在室温下具有超顺磁性,其最高比饱和磁化强度可达9.21×10-3A·m2/g.磁性絮凝剂除具有稳定的磁性外,还保持了较好的絮凝特性,将其应用于煤泥水的絮凝沉降过程中,可通过外磁分离技术实现煤泥絮团的高效沉降.     

基于磁流变液的磁流变阀设计与研究

阐述了磁流变液的流变特性,分析了磁流变阀的结构及其性能影响因素.依据磁流变液的流变特性,设计了一种工作间隙中置的磁流变阀,并对其性能特性进行了研究.研究表明:磁流变液、磁场、磁流变阀的材料和结构是磁流变阀性能的主要影响因素.在电流一定的条件下,工作间隙中置的磁流变阀可使其工作间隙内的磁流变液产生较高的屈服应力,可有效提高磁流变阀的性能     

直流钨电弧法制备碳包覆铁纳米微粒的研究

利用钨电极电弧法制备了碳包覆铁纳米微粒，用酸洗加磁选的方法对初产物进行了纯化；用透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X-射线衍射仪（XRD）和振动样品磁强计（VSM）对产物的形貌和尺寸、物相结构组成以及磁性能进行了表征分析，对碳包覆铁纳米微粒的形成机理进行了研究．结果表明：碳包覆铁纳米微粒具有典型的核-壳结构，内核为金属铁，外壳为多层碳膜；粉体的磁滞回线显示出较好的超顺磁特性，比饱和磁化强度为113．9emu／g．包覆在铁颗粒表面的碳膜主要是通过内部的碳被排斥或自行扩散至颗粒表面及外部气态形式的碳沉积到颗粒表面形成的．     

Characterization of Calcined Kaolin/TiO_2 Composite Particle Material Prepared by Mechano-Chemical Method

Calcined kaolin/TiO2 composite particle material (CK/TCPM) was prepared with TiO2 coating on the surfaces of calcined kaolin particles by the mechano-chemical method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to investigate the microstructures and morphologies, respectively. The mechanism of the mechano-chemical reaction between calcined kaolin and TiO2 was studied by infrared spectra (IR). The results show that TiO2 coats evenly on the surfaces of calcined kaolin particles by Si-O-Ti and Al-O-Ti bonds on their interfaces. The hiding power and whiteness of CK/TCPM are 17.12 g/m2 and 95.7%, respectively, presenting its similarity to TiO2 in pigment properties.     

四氧化三铁磁流体的制备及性能分析

采用化学共沉淀法制备了Fe3O4磁流体。以阴离子表面活性剂油酸钠对磁性颗粒进行包覆,分析了pH值、温度和Fe2＋/Fe3＋比例等制备条件对Fe3O4磁流体的影响。运用磁天平、粒度测试仪对磁流体的粒径和磁化率进行了测定,并用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FT-IR）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和振动样品磁强计（VSM）等对磁流体进行了表征。实验和分析结果表明,所制备的磁流体具有超顺磁性,粒径约为16 nm,饱和磁化强度在73.8 emu/g以上。     

模板法掺铁金红石纳米管制备与形成机理

以TiCl4为钛源,针铁矿（α-FeOOH）为模板,采用牺牲模板法制备掺铁金红石纳米管,应用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）、扫描透射面扫描（STEM EDX-Mapping）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等手段对掺铁金红石纳米管的物相、形貌、微结构和化学组成等进行系统地表征.结果表明,在高温条件下制备的掺铁金红石样品颗粒为管状结构,纳米管的物相为纯金红石相,管壁外表面由许多针状体包裹,管的两端封闭,内孔直径60～80 nm;管壁由纳米颗粒构成,并具有明显的层状结构特征;元素分析结果表明,Fe3+均匀地掺入到了金红石晶格中,且金红石晶格形成大量的位错和面缺陷.结合金红石纳米管的微结构特征探讨形成机理：在低温条件下,金红石先包覆于针铁矿外表面,并构成以金红石为壳,针铁矿为核的核壳结构纳米复合材料;随着反应温度从30 ℃上升到90 ℃,载体针铁矿逐渐溶解,包覆于载体针铁矿外表面的金红石逐渐增加;同时,铁离子经扩散而进入金红石晶格,最终载体针铁矿全部溶解而形成掺铁金红石纳米管.     

固体火箭发动机燃烧室两相流粒子运动轨迹的实验研究

本文用Ｘ射线高速实时荧屏分析（ＲＴＲ）技术对固体火箭发动机燃烧室内两相流粒子的运动轨迹进行了实验研究。为增强粒子图象的效果,设计了一个专用的矩形实验发动机,用在双基推进剂上开槽添加钨粉的方法来模拟含铝复合推进剂中的铝粒子。实验拍摄到了比较清晰的ＲＴＲ图像,经过图象处理后得到粒子群的运动轨迹。实验结果表明：１）粒子轨迹完全有可能穿过对称轴;２）重力对粒子轨迹的影响很小。实验结果为ＳＲＭ两相流动模型的建立以及两相流动数值模拟结果的验证提供了实验依据。     

Electro-rheological Effect of Barium Titanate Particles Coated with Urea and Suspended in Methyl Silicone Oil

Barium titanate nano-powders were synthesized under defined conditions.The surface of these particles was successfully modified by coating with urea.The characteristics of these composite particles were studied by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The electro-rheological (ER) effects of these particles suspended in methyl-silicone oil were measured.The particle, methyl-silicon oil ratio was 30%-35% weight percent.The experimental results indicate that these ER particles exhibit a remarkable ER effect.The ER fluid shows Bingham characteristics and the static shearing stress increases with an increase of the electric field strength.The highest static shearing stress under a 4 MV/m electric field is 13.2 kPa at room temperature, an increase of about 8.7 kPa compared to untreated BaTiO(C2O4)2 powders.