合成纤维界面改性研究进展

合成纤维增强高分子复合材料的性能以及纤维良好性能的发挥很大程度上由复合物界面作用来决定,好的界面粘合可以带来复合物良好的性能。文章总结了实用的纤维界面改性的方法,如电化学改性、氧化刻蚀、表面涂覆、化学接枝、等离子体接枝等。这些方法有效地改善了纤维与聚合物机体的界面黏合力,提高了复合材料的力学性能。     

碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料的界面

从碳纤维、树脂基体、界面3个层次对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料的界面研究进行了综述,重点介绍了碳纤维表面特性表征及改性方法、树脂基体特性及改性方法和界面分析表征手段,由此提出了纤维/树脂界面的研究路线,简要分析了复合材料界面研究的前景与趋势。为了实现纤维/树脂界面的良好匹配,充分发挥碳纤维复合材料的性能优势,需完善界面表征手段、明确界面微观性能与复合材料宏观性能的关系、深化研究界面对复合材料湿热性能及失效模式的影响等。     

氟化改性国产芳纶Ⅲ纤维(F-3A)复合材料的界面性能

为了改善国产芳纶Ⅲ纤维(F-3A)增强树脂基复合材料界面性能,利用氟化改性技术对F-3A纤维表面进行改性,采用扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱对氟化改性F-3A纤维表面结构及元素组成进行表征,然后通过纤维复丝性能和NOL环层间剪切性能对复合材料界面性能进行评价。研究结果表明,(1)氟化改性在F-3A纤维表面物理刻蚀形成大量微槽结构,氟化学反应形成大量含氧和含氟的极性官能团,有利于复合材料界面粘接性的提高;(2)采用氟化工艺2处理后,F-3A纤维复合材料的NOL环层间剪切强度最高分别达到56.3 MPa和56.1 MPa,比未改性处理提高了20%以上,复合材料综合性能达到最佳。     

热塑性聚合物/木纤维复合材料的研究进展

介绍了国内外关于热塑性聚合物／木纤维复合材料界面改性、在加工过程中木纤维的热稳定性以及阻燃性能等方面的研究进展，界面相容剂或偶联剂能大大提高其界面相容性，特别是马来酸酐接枝热塑性聚合物作为界面相容剂更为有效。硅烷偶联剂预处理木纤维表面对提高其热稳定性有一定的作用。     

连续纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料概述

八十年代以来，连续纤维增强陶瓷基得合材料以其优异的性能特别是高韧性，得到世界各国的极大关注和高度重视，并取得令人瞩目的发展。纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料已开始在航空、航天、国防等领域得到应用。本文从复合材料的增韧机制、制备方法、界面特性和界面改性以及应用等方面综述了国内外有关连续纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料的研究现状。     

RTM成型复合材料的界面改性

研究了反应注塑(RTM)成型的复合材料不同层次界面的特点，并分别采用冷等离子处理和超声处理对RTM成型的复合材料界面性能进行改性。结果表明，RTM成型复合材料不同层次界面性能是不同的，通过冷等离子体和超声处理可以提高树脂对纤维增强体的浸润性，进而可以改善复合材料的界面性能，而界面的好坏直接影响RTM成型复合材料的力学性能。     

植物纤维改性方法及其增强复合材料研究进展

植物纤维增强的复合材料具有低成本、降解性能良好的特性,但植物纤维与被增强材料之间存在着界面相容性较差的问题。因此,需通过合适的处理对植物纤维进行表面改性,以改善纤维与被增强材料之间的界面相容性,提高复合材料的力学性能。简要介绍了植物纤维的结构和性质,综述了近年来植物纤维改性方法对纤维和纤维增强的复合材料性能的影响。最后分析了各种方法的优缺点并对植物纤维的改性技术和复合材料的未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

界面改性增强塑木复合材料力学性能的研究进展

综述了国内外界面改性增强塑木复合材料力学性能的研究进展，包括界面改性增强的作用机理、木纤维的表面改性、塑料的表面改性和添加界面相容剂等，并展望了塑木复合材料界面改性研究的未来趋势。     

UHMW—PE纤维增强氧基复合材料界面研究

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维经过低温氧等离子体处理后，与环氧树脂基体的界面粘结性能明显改善。本文通过单纤维拔出实验，ＸＰＳ，ＳＥＭ，接触角测算研究了表面改性的作用机理。对影响界面粘结的作用力进行了定量分析，提示了表面刻蚀坑引起的界面机械铰链力，以及由多种含氧极性基团引起的化学键力和界面非极性分子色散力，它们分别对界面粘结强度的贡献，及其随等离子体处理参数的变化关系。     

竹纤维/聚乳酸可降解复合材料相容界面构建进展

竹纤维/聚乳酸可降解复合材料是一种性能优越、可完全生物降解的绿色生态环保材料。在针对亲水竹纤维与疏水聚乳酸界面不相容而导致竹纤维/聚乳酸复合材料性能劣化的问题,研究者通常采用三种策略来提高其界面相容性:竹纤维改性、聚乳酸树脂改性和增容剂改性。在现有研究基础上,未来可以通过引进纳米纤维改性粒子改善复合体系的界面相容性,完善两相界面基础理论,促进更深入的界面作用及其机理研究,以推动竹纤维/聚乳酸可降解复合材料的发展。     

Effect of interphase properties on fracture behavior of TCP/PLA composites

In the present study, the effects of interphase on the mechanical properties of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) particle-dispersed bioabsorbable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites were investigated. In order to improve interfacial strength between PLA and β-TCP, the surface of β-TCP was modified with L-lactic acid (LLA) monomer. The weight ratios of LLA to β-TCP are selected as 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6, 7.5%. Tensile strength decreased with the incorporation of β-TCP to PLA, whereas the tensile strength of composites was improved in the case of modification with the weight ratio of 3%. From acoustic emission measurements, initial interfacial debonding was also suppressed up to 3%. From finite elemental analysis, elastic modulus of interphase is about 30–70% of that of PLA and elastic modulus of the composites do not depend on interphase thickness. From the stress distributions at initial debonding onset, it is clarified that interfacial debonding is caused by shear stress between particle and interphase and interfacial shear strength seems to be about 20 MPa.     

Al2O3／铜合金复合材料的磨损特性研究

研究了冷压烧结Ａｌ２Ｏ３／铜合金复合材料在摩擦条件下的磨损特性。采用化学镀的方法在一些Ａｌ２Ｏ３颗粒表面包覆铜镍，获得了具有不同界面结合强度的Ａｌ２Ｏ３／铜合金复合材料，进而研究了界面结合强度对该复合材料耐磨性的影响。本文还探讨了颗粒大小及体积分数对其耐磨性的影响。     

Effect of plasma treatment on mechanical properties of jute fiber/poly (lactic acid) biodegradable composites

Surface treatment of natural fibers is one of the important methods to improve the mechanical properties of the composite material. In this paper, plasma treatment (PT) for various exposure timings (30, 60, 90, and 120?s) was performed to study the mechanical properties of jute fiber and its composites using poly (lactic acid) (PLA) as the matrix. The results were compared with alkali (AT) and plasma treated (PT) fiber composites. Bundle fiber test was carried out for untreated, AT, and PT jute fiber composites. PT fiber composites showed superior properties compared to other treatments. Micro-droplet test results showed that the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of PT fiber composite is higher than that of AT fiber composites. Mechanical properties and hardness were increased on subjecting the fiber to plasma treatment. Tensile strength, young’s modulus and flexural strength were increased in an order of 28, 17, and 20%, respectively, for plasma polymerized jute fiber composites. Moreover, plasma polymerization leads to increase (>20%) in the flexural strength than untreated fiber composites. It is inferred that plasma treatment improves the interfacial adhesion between the jute fiber and PLA. These results were also confirmed by scanning electron microscopy observations of the fractured surfaces of the composites. Overall, plasma polymerization is an effective and eco-friendly method for the surface modification of the lingo cellulosic fiber to increase the compatibility between the matrix (hydrophobic) and fiber (hydrophilic).     

界面监测系统对复合材料界面最佳性能的评价

本文采用自行建立的纤维增强复合材料界面监测系统研究了纤维/树脂基体间的界面强度及其与复合材料力学性能的关系。结果表明,界面剪切强度是决定复合材料层间剪切强度与断裂韧性的一个关键的临界参数。     

Improved adhesion between nickel–titanium SMA and polymer matrix via acid treatment and nano-silica particles coating

Shape memory alloy (SMA) composites are the desirable candidate for smart materials that used in intelligent structures. However, the overall mechanical performance of SMA composites depends immensely on the quality of the interaction between SMA and polymer matrix. Therefore, it is necessary to find out an approach to enhance the interfacial property of this composite. In this paper, we modified nickel–titanium SMA wire with nano-silica particles before and after acid treatment. The modification effect on the interfacial strength between SMA and epoxy resin was evaluated. Contact angle analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, and single fiber pull-out test were carried out. The bonding characteristics between modified wire and liquid/cured resin were investigated. We then embedded SMA wire into woven glass fabric/epoxy composite laminates, and manufactured this hybrid composites via vacuum assisted resin transfer molding processing. Three-point-bending test of the hybrid composites was performed to validate the modification effect. Fiber pull-out experiment demonstrates that the interfacial shear strength increases by 6.48% by nano-silica particles coating, while it increases by 52.21% after 8 h acid treatment and nano-silica particles coating simultaneously. For hybrid composites, flexural strength of the two specimens increases by 19.8 and 48.2%, respectively. In SEM observation, we observed large debonding region in unmodified composites, while interfacial adhesion between modified wire and epoxy keeps strong after flexural damage.     

界面状态对C/PLA复合材料降解特性的影响

研究了具有不同界面结合特性的两种复合材料在体外降解过程中吸水率，质量损失，宏观力学性能与降解时间的关系。结果表明，提高复合材料的界面结合强度可减小C／PLA复合材料的吸水率和质量损失，降低复合材料力学性能（弯曲强度，弯曲模量和剪切强度）和界面结合强度下降的速度，界面结合强度的提高对C／PLA复合材料的降解有明显的抑制作用。     

碳纳米管/铜复合材料制备技术研究现状

碳纳米管(CNTs)因独特的结构及优异的物理化学性质成为增强铜基复合材料的理想强化相。然而,分散性和界面结合问题是制备高性能CNTs/Cu复合材料所需要解决的首要问题,机械分散和化学修饰是解决上述问题的主要途径,也是一切后续成形和加工的基础。综述了国内外CNTs/Cu复合材料制备工艺研究现状,探讨了复合材料制备工艺存在的问题和解决思路以及未来的发展前景。     

纤维/聚合物基体界面性能的原位表征

建立了复合材料界面强度原位测试系统,研制出界面剪切强度有限元分析软件并探讨了影响界面剪应力分析的因素,提出了改进的微观力学模型;利用该系统,研究了表面经不同改性处理的CF增强PMR-15聚酰亚胺复合材料界面的微观力学性能,结果表明:有效的表面处理可使CF/PMR-15界面剪切强度明显提高,并与其宏观性能具有较好的对应趋势。本文还初步探讨了界面破坏的过程。