基于FPGA和Petri网的PLC实现研究

随着控制系统复杂度的增加和对控制速度、控制成本要求的提高,传统的PLC在控制方式、I/O配置的灵活性与成本以及程序的通用性方面存在的不足日益暴露。文章提出用FPGA替代PLC,用同步Petri网这种图形化的程序设计语言对控制系统进行形式化的描述与分析,并在SnoopyIOPT环境中对Petri网图形进行编辑,然后转换为PNML语言文本文件,再通过PNML2VHDL软件编译成VHDL语言文件,最后通过EDA软件进行仿真、综合并下载到FPGA中。文章通过实例具体介绍了设计过程并通过仿真波形证明了该方法的正确性。     

基于UML和Petri网的工作流建模与优化研究

利用UML活动图和Petri网建模的互补性,提出了综合运用两种方法进行工作流建模和仿真优化,并通过实例分析验证了该方法的可行性与有效性。该方法从最基本的角度刻画整个业务过程,实现了业务过程重组与优化,有效地解决了工作流的柔性问题。     

基于FPGA的蚁群算法硬件实现

蚁群算法的硬件实现是仿生硬件领域的一个分支,也是蚁群算法发展的高级阶段.该文介绍了蚁群算法硬件的主要特点;着重介绍了基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的蚁群算法硬件实现方案;展望了蚁群算法硬件实现领域未来的研究方向和内容.     

基于广义随机Petri网的系统可靠性建模与仿真软件开发

研究了基于Petri网理论的系统可靠性建模及求解问题.采用广义随机Petri网(GSPN)建立系统可靠性模型.针对因状态空间爆炸带来的模型求解难题,开发基于GSPN模型的可靠性仿真软件.分析了仿真软件功能,给出了软件架构及其使用流程,介绍了软件的实现技术.以挖掘机回转工况的液压回路为例,给出仿真软件的应用.     

基于CSMA/CD的CAN总线访问的建模与仿真的研究

控制器局域网(CAN)是一种广泛应用的现场总线,其建模和仿真是对CAN的网络性能进行综合评估和网络优化的必要手段.现有的CAN总线访问的建模与仿真都采用了Aloha协议,本文介绍了用OPNET软件对CAN总线访问采用CSMA/CD(载波监听多路访问/冲突检测)协议进行建模和仿真.为了验证CSMA/CD的性能,采用CSMA/CD和Aloha两种协议对CAN总线访问,并对两种结果进行比较.通过比较得出,采用CSMA/CD协议访问的总线利用率要比采用Aloha协议的总线利用率高.     

机械产品的全性能优化建模及求解

首先介绍了机械产品全性能优化设计的特点及产品建模方法 ,以叉车转向系统为例 ,根据设计要求 ,对其进行全性能产品建模。然后按照不同的性能将产品模型规划为两个子系统 ,通过协同优化方法得到较为理想的设计结果 ,并与将两个子系统合并为一个系统进行优化的结果进行了比较     

企业资源优化问题的集成建模方法

提出了基于物料清单集成的集成建模方法,该方法是一种新的企业资源优化系统的核心技术。为了缩小企业资源优化系统模型的规模,根据物料在物料清单和工艺路线中的特性,将它们分为关键物料和非关键物料,通过一个物料清单集成过程,将非关键物料集成到关键物料中。求解由关键物料构成的规模缩小的模型后,再通过一个分解过程,得到所有物料的排产计划。     

Coach simplified structure modeling and optimization study based on the PBM method

For the coach industry, rapid modeling and efficient optimization methods are desirable for structure modeling and optimization based on simplified structures, especially for use early in the concept phase and with capabilities of accurately expressing the mechanical properties of structure and with flexible section forms. However, the present dimension-based methods cannot easily meet these requirements. To achieve these goals, the property-based modeling (PBM) beam modeling method is studied based on the PBM theory and in conjunction with the characteristics of coach structure of taking beam as the main component. For a beam component of concrete length, its mechanical characteristics are primarily affected by the section properties. Four section parameters are adopted to describe the mechanical properties of a beam, including the section area, the principal moments of inertia about the two principal axles, and the torsion constant of the section. Based on the equivalent stiffness strategy, expressions for the above section parameters are derived, and the PBM beam element is implemented in HyperMesh software. A case is realized using this method, in which the structure of a passenger coach is simplified. The model precision is validated by comparing the basic performance of the total structure with that of the original structure, including the bending and torsion stiffness and the first-order bending and torsional modal frequencies. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to choose design variables. The optimal Latin hypercube experiment design is adopted to sample the test points, and polynomial response surfaces are used to fit these points. To improve the bending and torsion stiffness and the first-order torsional frequency and taking the allowable maximum stresses of the braking and left turning conditions as constraints, the multi-objective optimization of the structure is conducted using the NSGA-II genetic algorithm on the ISIGHT platform. The result of the Pareto solution set is acquired, and the selection strategy of the final solution is discussed. The case study demonstrates that the mechanical performances of the structure can be well-modeled and simulated by PBM beam. Because of the merits of fewer parameters and convenience of use, this method is suitable to be applied in the concept stage. Another merit is that the optimization results are the requirements for the mechanical performance of the beam section instead of those of the shape and dimensions, bringing flexibility to the succeeding design.     

Complete modeling and parameter optimization for virtual ring rolling

Virtual manufacturing, usually consisting of complete modeling and optimization, of a manufacturing process has recently become one of the research trends in the area of process designing and selection. With the aim to realize complete modeling of a ring rolling process, a complex actuation mechanism model of a heavy radial-axial ring rolling machine has been established in this study. Moreover, a self-modified computer program for controlling the real-time movements of two guide rollers and two conical rollers in a ring rolling process has been developed. An optimization objective function has been proposed for saving the rolling time, in which the slip rate is regarded as the state variable. With this function, the virtual ring rolling process for producing a titanium alloy ring with a rectangular section has been successfully conducted using the finite element method. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental findings. Thus, the feasibility of the proposed method has been demonstrated. The computational result also reveals that the proposed optimization method can reduce the rolling time by about 28%.     

基于牛顿-欧拉法的三轴线连杆转向机构数学建模与仿真优化

针对三轴线车转向过程中存在的转向精度不高的问题,借助牛顿-欧拉法在多体建模上的优势,建立了三轴线连杆转向机构的数学模型,推导出转向机构的位置、角速度和受力方程,利用MATLAB软件与Adams软件搭建运动学模型和动力学模型,通过Simulink与Adams的联合仿真对三轴线连杆转向机构的关键点位进行仿真优化.仿真结果表...     

A correlation consistency based multivariate alarm thresholds optimization approach

Different alarm thresholds could generate different alarm data, resulting in different correlations. A new multivariate alarm thresholds optimization methodology based on the correlation consistency between process data and alarm data is proposed in this paper. The interpretative structural modeling is adopted to select the key variables. For the key variables, the correlation coefficients of process data are calculated by the Pearson correlation analysis, while the correlation coefficients of alarm data are calculated by kernel density estimation. To ensure the correlation consistency, the objective function is established as the sum of the absolute differences between these two types of correlations. The optimal thresholds are obtained using particle swarm optimization algorithm. Case study of Tennessee Eastman process is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed method.     

支持业务过程性能优化的多过程建模方法研究

为提高业务过程的性能,从系统动力学的角度分析了企业业务过程性能优化全生命周期的系统结构.基于控制论方法,证明了提高模型的准确性,以及减小模型建立、分析及实施的周期时间是取得业务过程性能优化的关键所在.为此,首先提出了对企业模型、仿真模型和工作流模型进行统一建模的多过程建模框架和建模方法,并对多个过程间的相互依赖关系进行了准确的描述与建模;然后设计了相应的多过程建模工具的元模型;最后提供了一个具体的应用案例.     

洗衣机装配序列遗传优化建模及算法研究

为了研究装配序列遗传优化问题,以某洗衣机装配序列规划为例,讨论了面向装配序列遗传优化的建模方法。结合装配生产线布局、工位装配能力和工件连接关系的实际,给出了可装配性性能指标相关权重的一般性确定原则,建立了面向遗传优化的装配模型,并设计了遗传优化的编码方式和进化算子。为保证个体的有效性,提出了工位约束检验和以连接关系为依据的工件约束检验;为保持种群多样性、避免遗传算法早熟,提出了采用局部搜索策略进行扩展操作的方法。对洗衣机装配序列优化的结果验证了所建模型及所提算法的有效性。     

基于设计结构矩阵理论的产品开发过程建模及仿真优化

为更好地刻画产品开发过程和流程优化,提出了基于设计结构矩阵理论的产品开发仿真模型,并据此模型设计流程优化算法。模型采用蒙特卡罗仿真方法模拟产品开发过程,用以估算产品开发时间、费用,以及按要求完工的概率。该仿真模型考虑了任务执行时间的不确定性和任务之间的顺序约束关系,同时还考虑了项目执行过程中的返工迭代和学习效应。在考虑顺序约束关系的条件下,利用遗传算法优化任务执行顺序。算例分析表明,该优化算法可以使项目的成功率提高17％。     

一类制造资源的协同建模、优化与求解技术

为实现云制造环境下制造资源的全面共享、发现和匹配,提供给用户理想优质的云制造服务,在虚拟资源池构建阶段引入资源建模与聚类技术,提出一种适宜云制造模式的虚拟资源的建模与优化组合方法。采用基于可扩展标记语言数据与Web本体描述语言语义的双层模型,对云池的虚拟资源协同进行建模;建立基于服务成本、服务效率、服务质量和信誉度的多目标优化数学模型,采用协同多目标粒子群算法求解该优化问题,获得最优的虚拟制造单元。以生产实践中开发的原型系统为例,验证了所提方法能够有效提高云池虚拟资源的共享、发现和匹配性能,也验证了其在工程应用中的正确性。