Synthesis of Environmentally Friendly Highly Dispersed Magnetite Nanoparticles Based on Rosin Cationic Surfactants as Thin Film Coatings of Steel

This work presents a new method to prepare monodisperse magnetite nanoparticles capping with new cationic surfactants based on rosin. Core/shell type magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized using bis-N-(3-levopimaric maleic acid adduct-2-hydroxy) propyl-triethyl ammonium chloride (LPMQA) as capping agent. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to characterize the nanoparticles chemical structure. Transmittance electron microscopies (TEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) were used to examine the morphology of the modified magnetite nanoparticles. The magnetite dispersed aqueous acid solution was evaluated as an effective anticorrosion behavior of a hydrophobic surface on steel. The inhibition effect of magnetite nanoparticles on steel corrosion in 1 M HCl solution was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Results obtained from both potentiodynamic polarisation and EIS measurements reveal that the magnetite nanoparticle is an effective inhibitor for the corrosion of steel in 1.0 M HCl solution. Polarization data show that magnetite nanoparticles behave as a mixed type inhibitor. The inhibition efficiencies obtained from potentiodynamic polarization and EIS methods are in good agreement.     

Modification of Magnetite Nanoparticles with Triazine-Based Dendrons and Their Application as Drug-Transporting Systems

The following research aims at the synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles functionalized with triazine-based dendrons and the application of the obtained materials as effective sorptive materials dedicated to acidic bioactive compounds. The adopted synthetic approach involved: (1) the synthesis of nanosized Fe₃O₄ particles via classic co-precipitation method, (2) the introduction of amine groups on their surface leading to materials’ precursor, and (3) the final synthesis of branched triazine-based dendrons on the support surface by an iterative reaction between cyanuric chloride (CC) and piperazine (p) or diethylenetriamine (DETA) via nucleophilic substitution. The characterized materials were tested for their adsorptive properties towards folic acid, 18β–glycyrrhetinic acid, and vancomycin, showing high adsorption capacities varying in the ranges of 53.33–401.61, 75.82–223.71, and 68.17–132.45 mg g⁻¹, respectively. The formed material–drug complexes were also characterized for the drug-delivery potential, performed as in vitro release studies at pH 2.0 and 7.4, which mimics the physiological conditions. The release profiles showed that the proposed materials are able to deliver up to 95.2% of the drugs within 48 h, which makes them efficient candidates for further biomedical applications.     

表面巯基化修饰的磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子合成与表征

通过化学共沉淀法制备了粒径约30nm的磁性四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)纳米粒子,并采用3-巯丙基三乙氧基硅烷(MPTES)将Fe3O4纳米粒子表面修饰上巯基(-SH)官能团,获得了表面巯基化的磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子。利用X-射线粉末衍射仪(XRD),透射电子显微镜(TEM),带有能谱仪(EDS)的扫描电子显微镜(SEM),光电子能谱仪(XPS),以及磁学测量系统(MPMS)对粒子的结构和性能进行了表征和分析。结果表明:表面巯基化后的磁性粒子粒径略有增加,室温下磁化强度由原来的64emu/g变为62emu/g,较好地保留了原始磁性特征。研究结果对巯基化磁性纳米粒子实现生物分子结合、固定负载乃至生物传感的应用具有重要意义。     

松香裂解油与0#柴油的复配性能研究

将松香裂解油与0^#柴油进行不同比例的复配,研究了复配油的性能指标及其与复配比例之间的关系。结果表明,复配油的酸值、密度、冷滤点随松香裂解油体积分数的增加而增加,且与松香裂解油在0^#柴油中的体积分数呈良好的线性关系;复配油的冷凝点随松香裂解油在0^#柴油中的体积分数的增加而下降;复配油的运动黏度随松香裂解油体积分数的增加而缓慢增加,当体积分数大于60%以后,运动黏度增加幅度迅速变大。     

Influence of Growth Conditions on Magnetite Nanoparticles Electro-Crystallized in the Presence of Organic Molecules

Magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized by electrocrystallization in the presence of thiourea or sodium butanoate as an organic stabilizer. The synthesis was performed in a thermostatic electrochemical cell containing two iron electrodes with an aqueous solution of sodium sulfate as electrolyte. The effects of organic concentration, applied potential and growth temperature on particle size, morphology, structure and magnetic properties were investigated. The magnetite nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, magnetometry and Mössbauer spectrometry. When the synthesis is performed in the presence of sodium butanoate at 60 °C, a paramagnetic ferric salt is obtained as a second phase; it is possible to avoid formation of this phase, increase the specific magnetization and improve the structure of the oxide particles by tuning the growth conditions. Room-temperature magnetization values range from 45 to 90 Am²kg⁻¹, depending on the particle size, type of surfactant and synthesis conditions. Mössbauer spectra, which were recorded at 290 K for all the samples, are typical of nonstoichiometric Fe_3−δO₄, with a small excess of Fe³⁺, 0.05 ≤ δ ≤ 0.15.     

两种原油在溢油风化模拟过程的性能变化比较

文章以溢油风化模拟实验为基础,研究了中东原油和国产原油在溢油风化过程中的物理性能如外部形态、运动粘度、密度、水分含量等变化趋势,通过对比分析,发现了中东原油和国产原油在风化模拟过程中的物理特性变化差异,为海上溢油预警预测和溢油鉴别提供了参考。     

Rupture Force of Magnetite Chain in a Uniform Magnetic Field

The rupture forces of breaking down a magnetite chain in a uniform magnetic field were measured by using a water flow under microscope observation with a video camera. The experimental results have shown that there was a linear relationship between the rupture force and the field intensity, which was expressed by F_M = kH. The value of the slope (k) was dependent on the magnetite particle size in the chain. It was found that the rupture force was very weak in a low-intensity magnetic field, around 0.01-0.1 mN, indicating that the chains must be kept in a very weak turbulence of suspension.     

Synthesis of Magnetite Nanoparticles with PDLLA Corona

The ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of D,L-lactide (DLLA) initiated by tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate (Sn(Oct)₂) on the surface-initiated magnetite (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles was performed at 130 °C. Effects of the polymer molar mass and concentration on the amount of polymer on the surface were investigated. The number average molecular weights, M _n , that we obtained by both nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) methods fit well within the accuracy of the applied methods, and range from 1,100 g · mol⁻¹ to 4,040 g · mol⁻¹. The surface functionalization density for up to 3,900 initiation sites per particle was obtained. The composition of various particles with poly(D,L-lactide) (PDLLA) corona is by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and indicates magnetite (Fe₃O₄) content between 17 wt.% and 59 wt.%. An erratum to this article can be found at     

以松香和桐油为成膜物质的包膜尿素的释放特性和表面形貌

以松香和桐油为成膜物质制备了一系列包膜尿素,用浸泡溶解法和无土柱淋溶法表征了所得包膜尿素的释放特性,用扫描电子显微镜研究了包膜尿素的表面形貌,讨论了涂覆成分、涂覆层数、密封层对包膜尿素释放特性的影响。采用双层涂覆和单层外密封工艺制备的包膜尿素其一天溶解释放率为12.7％,释放周期大于11天,累积释放率为80％。     

化学改性秸杆原料作高效吸油剂

介绍了秸杆的化学改性方法,油污染处理方法及化学改性秸杆作为高效吸油剂处理溢油污染的优点。并指出了化学改性秸杆研究的未来发展趋势。     

Modification of Magnetite Cellulose Nanoparticles via Click Reaction for use in Controlled Drug Delivery

Superparamagnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (MNPs) were functionalized by modified cellulose. The modified cellulose was synthesized through bromoacetylation of cellulose (BACell) followed by the substitution of sodium azide to form BACell-N₃. The remaining methylene bromide groups on BACell-N₃ was further reacted with the MNPs to form Fe₃O₄/Cell-N₃. Then propargyl alcohol (PA) was immobilized on the azide-terminated Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles through copper (I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (click reaction) to form Fe₃O₄/Cell/TAA nanoparticles. Doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded on prepared nanoparticles and release profiles of the DOX as a model drug from the Fe₃O₄/Cell/TAA nanoparticles and its loading capacity were determined by UV–Vis absorption at λ_max 483?nm.     

天然磁铁矿包膜TiO2磁性光催化剂的制备及其性能研究

易回收、可重复使用的光催化剂一直是光催化领域的研究热点。本文以天然磁铁矿为原料,通过沉淀法在磁铁矿表面包覆一层TiO₂,制备了可磁力分离回收的天然磁铁矿包膜TiO₂高效光催化材料。使用XRD、SEM和TEM等手段对制得的磁性光催化剂的结构进行了表征。磁性光催化剂对酸性红G的降解率可以达到99%,经过五次循环后仍可达到93%。     

磁微粒子Fe_3O_4纯化CdS纳米晶的实验研究

以L-半胱氨酸、醋酸镉为原料,在磁微粒子Fe3O4存在下,通过水热法合成出CdS纳米晶与磁微粒子连接混合体,利用磁微粒子的磁性对合成的CdS纳米晶进行分离纯化,然后加入聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、3-巯基丙酸使磁微粒子与硫化镉纳米晶分离。对产品进行了详尽的XRD、SEM、HRTEM及EDS能谱表征分析,并测试了纯化前后样品的荧光激发谱与荧光发射谱,荧光光谱显示获得预期的纯化效果。     

Probing of Interactions of Magnetite Nanoparticles Coated with Native and Aminated Starch with a DPPC Model Membrane

Understanding the mechanism of interactions between magnetite nanoparticles and phospholipids that form cellular membranes at the molecular level is of crucial importance for their safe and effective application in medicine (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging, targeted drug delivery, and hyperthermia-based anticancer therapy). In these interactions, their surface coating plays a crucial role because even a small modification to its structure can cause significant changes to the behaviour of the magnetite nanoparticles that come in contact with a biomembrane. In this work, the influence of the magnetite nanoparticles functionalized with native and aminated starch on the thermodynamics, morphology, and dilatational elasticity of the model cell membranes was studied. The model cell membranes constituted the Langmuir monolayers formed at the air–water interface of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC). The surface of the aminated starch-coated nanoparticles was enriched in highly reactive amino groups, which allowed more effective binding of drugs and biomolecules suitable for specific nano–bio applications. The studies indicated that the presence of these groups also reduced to some extent the disruptive effect of the magnetite nanoparticles on the model membranes and improved their adsorption.     

Chemical and Colloidal Stability of Carboxylated Core-Shell Magnetite Nanoparticles Designed for Biomedical Applications

Despite the large efforts to prepare super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) for biomedical applications, the number of FDA or EMA approved formulations is few. It is not known commonly that the approved formulations in many instances have already been withdrawn or discontinued by the producers; at present, hardly any approved formulations are produced and marketed. Literature survey reveals that there is a lack for a commonly accepted physicochemical practice in designing and qualifying formulations before they enter in vitro and in vivo biological testing. Such a standard procedure would exclude inadequate formulations from clinical trials thus improving their outcome. Here we present a straightforward route to assess eligibility of carboxylated MNPs for biomedical tests applied for a series of our core-shell products, i.e., citric acid, gallic acid, poly(acrylic acid) and poly(acrylic acid-co-maleic acid) coated MNPs. The discussion is based on physicochemical studies (carboxylate adsorption/desorption, FTIR-ATR, iron dissolution, zeta potential, particle size, coagulation kinetics and magnetization measurements) and involves in vitro and in vivo tests. Our procedure can serve as an example to construct adequate physico-chemical selection strategies for preparation of other types of core-shell nanoparticles as well.     

松香深加工残渣制备生物燃油的研究

以活性白土、硅藻土、高岭土等作为催化剂,使松香生产及松香深加工利用过程中形成的残渣(俗称黑松香)中所含的部分松香树脂酸、氧化松香树脂酸、树脂酸酯、不皂化的中性物质等发生催化裂解反应,从而制备得到生物燃料油。实验结果表明,活性白土1^#和4^#的催化效果良好,比较适宜的反应条件为:活性白土1^#催化剂,用量为原料质量的5%～7%、反应时间9 h、反应温度285℃。黑松香裂解反应所得裂解产物中热值最大的达到42.20 MJ/kg,比原料的热值提高了9.66%,该产物动力学黏度(30℃)为880 mPa·s,可满足作为生物燃料油的使用要求。     

Surfactants from Recycled Poly (ethylene terephthalate) Waste as Water Based Oil Spill Dispersants

Recycled poly (ethylene terephthalate), PET, can be modified to produce nonionic surfactants. Recycling of PET waste was carried out in presence of different weight ratios of diethanolamine and triethanolamine and manganese acetate as catalyst. The molecular weights of the prepared oligomers were calculated from hydroxyl number and determined from GPC measurements. The produced oligomers were reacted with polyethylene glycol, PEG, which have different molecular weights 400, 1000 and 4000. Interfacial tension and the effectiveness in oil dispersion of the synthesized surfactants were reported. It was found that, the maximum efficiency of oil spill dispersants was reached to maximum when the surfactant molecules ended with two PEG 1000 moities.     

Optimized Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil by Lipase Immobilized on Magnetic Nanoparticles

Biodiesel, a non-toxic and biodegradable fuel, has recently become a major source of renewable alternative fuels. Utilization of lipase as a biocatalyst to produce biodiesel has advantages over common alkaline catalysts such as mild reaction conditions, easy product separation, and use of waste cooking oil as raw material. In this study, Pseudomonas cepacia lipase immobilized onto magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) was used for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil. The optimal dosage of lipase-bound MNP was 40% (w/w of oil) and there was little difference between stepwise addition of methanol at 12 h- and 24 h-intervals. Reaction temperature, substrate molar ratio (methanol/oil), and water content (w/w of oil) were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal reaction conditions were 44.2 °C, substrate molar ratio of 5.2, and water content of 12.5%. The predicted and experimental molar conversions of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) were 80% and 79%, respectively.     

Frequency-Dependent Magnetic Susceptibility of Magnetite and Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles Embedded in PAA Hydrogel

Chemically responsive hydrogels with embedded magnetic nanoparticles are of interest for biosensors that magnetically detect chemical changes. A crucial point is the irreversible linkage of nanoparticles to the hydrogel network, preventing loss of nanoparticles upon repeated swelling and shrinking of the gel. Here, acrylic acid monomers are adsorbed onto ferrite nanoparticles, which subsequently participate in polymerization during synthesis of poly(acrylic acid)-based hydrogels (PAA). To demonstrate the fixation of the nanoparticles to the polymer, our original approach is to measure low-field AC magnetic susceptibility spectra in the 0.1 Hz to 1 MHz range. In the hydrogel, the magnetization dynamics of small iron oxide nanoparticles are comparable to those of the particles dispersed in a liquid, due to fast Néel relaxation inside the particles; this renders the ferrogel useful for chemical sensing at frequencies of several kHz. However, ferrogels holding thermally blocked iron oxide or cobalt ferrite nanoparticles show significant decrease of the magnetic susceptibility resulting from a frozen magnetic structure. This confirms that the nanoparticles are unable to rotate thermally inside the hydrogel, in agreement with their irreversible fixation to the polymer network.     

Immunomodulation of Melanoma by Chemo-Thermo-Immunotherapy Using Conjugates of Melanogenesis Substrate NPrCAP and Magnetite Nanoparticles: A Review

A major advance in drug discovery and targeted therapy directed at cancer cells may be achieved by the exploitation and immunomodulation of their unique biological properties. This review summarizes our efforts to develop novel chemo-thermo-immunotherapy (CTI therapy) by conjugating a melanogenesis substrate, N-propionyl cysteaminylphenol (NPrCAP: amine analog of tyrosine), with magnetite nanoparticles (MNP). In our approach, NPrCAP provides a unique drug delivery system (DDS) because of its selective incorporation into melanoma cells. It also functions as a melanoma-targeted therapeutic drug because of its production of highly reactive free radicals (melanoma-targeted chemotherapy). Moreover, the utilization of MNP is a platform to develop thermo-immunotherapy because of heat shock protein (HSP) expression upon heat generation in MNP by exposure to an alternating magnetic field (AMF). This comprehensive review covers experimental in vivo and in vitro mouse melanoma models and preliminary clinical trials with a limited number of advanced melanoma patients. We also discuss the future directions of CTI therapy.