EFFECT OF HETEROCYCLIC AMINE ADDITIVES ON THE ABSORPTION RATES OF CARBONYL SULFIDE AND CARBON DIOXIDE IN AQUEOUS METHYLDIETHANOLAMINE SOLUTIONS

Absorption rates of carbonyl sulfide and carbon dioxide into aqueous methyldiethanolamine solutions with and without heterocyclic amine additives were measured in a stirred cell apparatus. All of the heterocyclic amine additives catalyzed COS absorption more strongly than that for CO₂. In instances in which absorption rates were improved by the additives, those with the lowest pK_b's were the most effective, although steric factors also apparently influence reaction kinetics.     

THE SOLUBILITY OF PARAFFINIC HYDROCARBONS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES IN SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE

The solubilities of twenty-five paraffinic model compounds, octadecane (C₁₈H₃₈) through tetracosane (C₂₄H₅₀) and related monofunctional derivatives, were measured in supercritical carbon dioxide at 310 and 320 K. The derivatives included sulfides, amines, phosphines, ketones and other functional groups. Several of the solutes were liquids at the extraction temperatures and pressures, and both liquid and fluid phase binary composition data are reported in some cases. A systematic attempt was made to explore how the presence of a particular functional group on the solute molecule affected the solubility of the compound relative to the parent hydrocarbon of equivalent chain length.     

THE SOLUBILITY OF PARAFFINIC HYDROCARBONS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES IN SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE

The solubilities of twenty-five paraffinic model compounds, octadecane (C₁₈H₃₈) through tetracosane (C₂₄H₅₀) and related monofunctional derivatives, were measured in supercritical carbon dioxide at 310 and 320 K. The derivatives included sulfides, amines, phosphines, ketones and other functional groups. Several of the solutes were liquids at the extraction temperatures and pressures, and both liquid and fluid phase binary composition data are reported in some cases. A systematic attempt was made to explore how the presence of a particular functional group on the solute molecule affected the solubility of the compound relative to the parent hydrocarbon of equivalent chain length.     

VAPOR-LIQUID EQUILIBRIA OF H2S AND C02 AND ETHYLENE GLYCOL AT ELEVATED PRESSURES

The solubility of H₂S and C0₂ in ethylene glycol has been measured at temperatures in the range 25^° to 125^°C at pressures up to 6.7 and 20 MPa respectively. The data have been correlated using the Peng-Robinson equation of state. Henry' coefficients have also been obtained from the experimental data. Values of the vapor phase composition predicted by the equation of state have been compared with some experimental data and with published data.     

SOLUBILITY OF NITROUS OXIDE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF METHYLDIETHANOLAMINE, DIETHANOLAMINE AND MIXTURES OF METHYLDIETHANOLAMINE AND DIETHANOLAMINE

The solubility of nitrous oxide (N₂O) in aqueous solutions of 0-50 mass % methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), 0-30 mass % diethanolamine (DEA), and 50 mass % total amine with DEA/MDEA weight ratios of 0.04413-0.5883 was measured over the temperature range 293-353 K and at N₂O partial pressures near atmospheric. The solubility data from this work were found to be in fair agreement with the literature where data were available. The N₂O solubility data for the aqueous MDEA and aqueous DEA solutions were fitted using the extended scaled-particle model proposed by Li and Mather (1994) (which was based on the work of Hu et al. (1985)). The parameter estimates obtained from these fits were then used to predict the N₂O solubility in the aqueous DEA + MDEA solutions. The model predictions were found to agree with the experimental data with an average deviation of 3.4%     

SOLUBILITY OF CO2AND H2S IN A MIXED SOLVENT

Mixed solvents are a combination of chemical and physical solvents and have some advantages over traditional treating solvents for the removal of acid gases from gas streams. The solubility of H₂S and CO₂in a mixed solvent consisting of AMP (2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol), sulfolane, and water has been measured at 40 and 100°C at partial pressures of the acid gas to 6000 kPa. The solubility in the mixed solvent was compared with the solubility in an aqueous solution of equivalent amine concentration. At solution loadings less than 1 mol acid gas/mol amine, the solubility of the acid gas is lower in the mixed solvent than in the corresponding amine solvent. At higher loadings, the trend is reversed and the solubility is greater in the mixed solvent. The results are rationalized in terms of the effect of the physical solvent component on the chemical reaction and physical vapor-liquid equilibria. The solubility model of Deshmukh and Mather was used to correlate the data.     

SOLUBILITIES OF CARBON DIOXIDE IN MIXTURES OF n-DECANE-n-HEXADECANE AND n-HEPTANE-TOLUENE

Solubilities of CO_2 in binary mixtures of n-decane-n-hexadecane and n-heptane-toluenewere measured in a glass apparatus by a synthetic method.Henry's constants at several temperaturesand solvent compositions were reported.While the Henry's constants of CO_2 in mixtures of decaneand hexadecane can be satisfactorily predicted by a simple linear interpolation,prediction of Henry'sconstants for CO_2 in mixtures of heptane and toluene requires excess Gibbs energy of the solvent mix-tures.The standard thermodynamic functions of solution(ΔH~0,ΔG~0,and ΔS~0)were reported.     

NEW MODIFIED KENT-EISENBERG MODEL FOR PREDICTING CARBON DIOXIDE SOLUBILITY IN AQUEOUS 2-AMINO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANOL (AMP) SOLUTIONS

A new concept of using multiple apparent constant parameters plus sensitivity analysis was developed based on a modified Kent-Eisenberg model for predicting the carbon dioxide (CO₂) solubility in aqueous 2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol (AMP) solutions. Three apparent constants of amine protonation, dissociation and physical dissolution of C02 were identified to be the most significant parameters in the system. Previously published data were used to determine these three constants utilizing a nonlinear least-squares technique. The predictions from the present model agree well with all 121 experimental measurements available in the open literature     

SOLUBILITY OF CO2AND H2S IN A MIXED SOLVENT

Mixed solvents are a combination of chemical and physical solvents and have some advantages over traditional treating solvents for the removal of acid gases from gas streams. The solubility of H₂S and CO₂in a mixed solvent consisting of AMP (2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol), sulfolane, and water has been measured at 40 and 100°C at partial pressures of the acid gas to 6000 kPa. The solubility in the mixed solvent was compared with the solubility in an aqueous solution of equivalent amine concentration. At solution loadings less than 1 mol acid gas/mol amine, the solubility of the acid gas is lower in the mixed solvent than in the corresponding amine solvent. At higher loadings, the trend is reversed and the solubility is greater in the mixed solvent. The results are rationalized in terms of the effect of the physical solvent component on the chemical reaction and physical vapor-liquid equilibria. The solubility model of Deshmukh and Mather was used to correlate the data.     

EQUILIBRIUM OF CO2 IN AQUEOUS DIETHANOLAMINE(DEA) AND AMINO METHYL PROPANOL (AMP) SOLUTIONS

Equilibrium data of CO₂ in aqueous solutions of DEA and AMP for a range of CO₂ partial pressure (0.5-100 k Pa) and temperature (25-80^°C) obtained using a stirred cell reactor is presented in this paper. The data were analyzed using the Deshmukh and Mather Model. It has been found that this model is able to predict results which are close to the experimental data in terms of the total CO₂ loadings and the pH of the solution, an additional parameter which was monitored in this work. Comparison was also made with other published results using the different interaction parameters generated in this work. Good agreement between predicted and experimental values were also observed.     

旋转填充床中SO2与O2同时吸收的扩散-反应模型

引　言迄今为止 ,旋转填充床 (ＲａｔａｔｉｎｇＰａｃｋｅｄＢｅｄ ,ＲＰＢ)用于模拟烟气的脱硫吸收 (包括物理吸收和化学吸收 )已经有了较多的研究 ,ＲＰＢ中ＳＯ2 物理吸收的传质模型已有报道[1～ 3] ,但有关化学吸收的数学模型还属鲜见 .在数学上描述ＲＰＢ中ＳＯ2 化学吸收的传质 -反应特征 ,必须考虑物质传递和化学反应两个方面的影响因素以及这两种因素间的相互关系 .描述气 -液相之间的物质传递过程有不同的传质模型[4 ,5] ,如双膜理论、Ｈｉｇｂｉｅ渗透理论、Ｄａｎｃｋｗｅｒｔｓ表面更新理论和湍流传质理论等 ,但用之于处理具体…     

脱碳系统二氧化碳中氢气含量高的原因及解决措施

探讨KBR1500t／d合成氨装置脱碳系统送往尿素装置的二氧化碳中氢气含量高的原因,从优化工艺条件、提高操作水平及加强工艺管理几方面采取措施,保证装置平稳运行。     

ABSORPTION AND DESORPTION OF CO2 BY AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF STERICALLY HINDERED 2-AMINO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANOL IN HYDROPHOBIC MICROPOROUS HOLLOW FIBER CONTAINED CONTACTORS

To understand the behavior of separation of CO₂ from CO₂-N₂ mixtures using a hydrophobic microporous hollow fiber (polytetrafluoroethylene) contained gas-liquid contactor with aqueous solutions of 2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol (AMP) as liquid media in the shell side, first, the absorption of dilute CO₂ into aqueous AMP solutions and the desorption of CO₂ from CO₂-loaded AMP solutions into N2 stream were investigated separately for various combinations of operational variables. Secondly, the simultaneous absorption and desorption in a single unit was performed to check the possibility of a long-term continuous operation. The resistance to diffusion in the hollow fiber phase during absorption amounted to ca. 86% of the total resistance, and slightly decreased with increasing AMP concentration. The AMP solution partially leaks into pores of the hollow fiber, and both the diffusion and chemical reaction of dissolved CO₂ in the liquid-filled pores under the slow-reaction regime mainly control the overall absorption rate. If the physical diffusion in the liquid-filled part of the pore completely controlled the absorption process in the present hollow fiber contactor, the length of the liquid-filled part would be evaluated to be 72 ~ 108 urn as compared to the total pore length of 500 um. The desorption rate was found to be independent of the gas velocity in the lumen side. The desorption process can be regarded as being controlled by diffusion and chemical reaction in both the stagnant film of the liquid phase and the liquid-filled pore of the hollow fiber phase under the slow or intermediate reaction regime. Simultaneous absorption and desorption process in a single contactor was found to be kept in a stable state at least until 20 h.