纳米粒子在生物分析中的应用

纳米粒子探针与传统的有机染料相比有更好的光谱特性和光化学稳定性。本文介绍了3种类型的纳米粒子在生物分析中的应用，并评价了其作为生物荧光探针的发展前景。     

蛋白质定点标记的近红外荧光探针的合成研究

生物大分子定点标记的荧光探针可以用来研究蛋白质的结构和功能,荧光探针良好的刚性和高连接特异性对于使用荧光共振能量转移(FRET)实验来解析生物大分子动态学特征来说有着重要的意义。本文报道两种花菁素类荧光探针IAM-Cyanine3和IAM-Cyanine5的合成方法,该探针通过碘乙酰胺基团特异性地标记在生物大分子的巯基上,相对于商业化的产品,其连接蛋白后的探针分布更加紧密,更有利于对生物大分子的结构和动态学进行更加精确的描述。     

荧光探针法研究壳聚糖在水溶液中的聚集态行为

本文用两种结构类似的分子内电荷转移化合物,3-羟基-6甲基-4-N,N-二甲氨基黄酮丙酸酯(PF)和3-甲氧基-4’-N,N-二甲氨基黄酮(DMMF),作为荧光探针,研究了壳聚糖在水溶液中的聚集状态.研究结果发现,当壳聚糖浓度增大到1×10^-3 kg/L或以上时,PF在430 nm处的荧光强度有一突增现象.利用DMMF作为荧光探针,研究了它在不同壳聚糖溶液中的稳态偏振,研究发现,随着壳聚糖浓度的增大,其偏振度也明显增大.这些结果进一步证实了壳聚糖在水溶液中的聚集特性,同时也为分子内电荷转移化合物——黄酮类化合物作为荧光探针研究生物大分子在水溶液中的构象提供了有益的尝试.     

无机探针在生物大分子研究中的应用

随着生物无机化学的发展和现代分析技术的广泛应用,以无机试剂作为生物探针来研究大分子的结构和功能越来越受到人们的重视。金属(特别是过渡金属)离子或络合物具有优越的物理化学特性,如果能适当地将这些具独特的光学、磁学等特性的金属或络合物引入生物大分子,就使现代一些分析技术,如电子光谱、NMR、ESR、Mossbauer、荧光光谱等在研究生物大分子领域中如虎添翼。使用无机探针已成为生物无机化学的重要研究方法。     

树枝状大分子在荧光生物成像中的研究进展

树枝状大分子是一种具有精确三维结构的纳米材料。目前,对于树枝状大分子的研究,逐渐从合成和表征各式各样的树枝状大分子转向到对其特殊功能和应用的研究。传统的荧光成像探针大多数为小分子化合物,其发展受到特异性低、稳定性差、停留时间短、可修饰基团少和毒性大等缺点的限制。树枝状大分子具备独特的分子结构如大量可设计性的末端官能团和广阔的分子内空腔以及选择多样化的优势,使其在荧光生物成像领域中有良好的应用前景。本文重点介绍了基于树枝状大分子的有机荧光探针和量子点探针在生物成像方面最新的研究进展。     

功能性CdS纳米荧光探针荧光增敏法测定人血清白蛋白

目前 ,以荧光分析法对蛋白质进行研究主要采用有机荧光探针[1～ 3 ] .与传统的有机染料 (如罗丹明 )探针相比 ,半导体纳米晶体探针的光强度要高 2 0倍 ,光稳定性要高 1 0 0倍 ,谱线宽度只是有机染料谱线宽度的 1 /3 [4 ] .将半导体纳米晶体作为探针用于测定生物分子 ,将大大提高分析的灵敏度和选择性 ,而目前其应用于生物染色、医疗诊断、DNA序列测定和免疫分析等方面的研究很少 [4 ,5] .本文合成了胶态纳米粒子 Cd S,并在其外表面修饰一层巯基乙酸 ,使其具有水溶性 ,并能与生物分子作用 ,从而可利用其外表面的功能性基团对人血清白蛋白进…     

新型双螺噁嗪分子的合成及性能

设计合成了3个双螺噁嗪化合物, 采用核磁共振谱、红外光谱和高分辨质谱对这些化合物进行了表征. 测试了光照前后化合物在不同溶剂中的紫外吸收光谱、荧光光谱以及在高分子薄膜中的消色动力学曲线. 结果表明, 目标化合物均具有良好的光致变色性能和耐疲劳度, 在材料、分子开光及生物探针领域有潜在的应用前景.     

基于萘酰亚胺的生物硫醇探针的合成及对含硫醇氨基酸的检测

合成了以4-羟基萘酰亚胺为荧光团,2,4-二硝基苯磺酰氧基为特异性识别基团的生物硫醇探针4-(2,4-二硝基苯磺酰氧基)-正丁基-1,8-萘酰亚胺(DNSBN).吸收光谱和荧光光谱结果表明, DNSBN对半胱氨酸(Cys)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)3种生物硫醇分子具有高效的检测识别能力,不受其它17种天然氨基酸的干扰.同时,通过荧光滴定实验证实了此探针是一种比率型探针,555 nm处的荧光强度与溶液中的生物硫醇分子浓度在0 ~ 20 μmol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,对Cys、Hcy和GSH的检出限(3σ)分别为25.9、92.0和77.9 nmol/L.而吸收光谱、荧光光谱和质谱表征数据显示,生物硫醇与2,4-二硝基苯磺酸酯发生亲核取代反应并导致磺酸酯的分解.随着识别基团的解离,探针分子的d-PeT (donor-excited photoinduced electron transfer) 效应被解除,并出现非常明显的比色与荧光变化.HeLa细胞成像实验表明,探针DNSBN具有良好的生物相容性,能够对细胞外源性生物硫醇分子进行检测.     

生物小分子巯基化合物荧光探针研究进展

细胞内的小分子巯基化合物在诸多生理过程中扮演重要角色.分子荧光探针具有灵敏度高、选择性好、生物相容性好、实时原位监测等优点.因此,构建可以选择性检测巯基化合物的荧光探针具有重要的生物学和医学意义.根据荧光探针与巯基化合物的反应类型总结了近几年来小分子巯基化合物荧光探针的设计策略和研究进展.     

荧光素类荧光分子探针

荧光素衍生物是重要的荧光探针,在检测和生物成像等领域中显示出巨大的前景。因此,急需对功能性荧光素结构探针的设计策略进行深入研究。通常通过引入醛基或酯化到荧光素呫吨环和苯部分来构建探针,由于其高活性,这些衍生物可以与分析物复合以发生颜色和荧光强度的变化。本文总结了荧光素的修饰位点及方法,介绍了荧光素探针的合成、性质及应用,并对近五年荧光素探针对不同分析物(包括金属阳离子、阴离子、小分子和生物大分子)的检测进行分类说明,旨在为高灵敏度荧光素探针的筛选和生物检测提供参考,并推动其在分析物传感和检测中的进一步应用。     

N,2-二芳基二氮亚烯甲酰胺合成的新方法

偶氮化合物可用作非线性光学材料、激光盘信息存贮材料和现代科技中的油溶性染料［１］．传统偶氮化合物的制备有重氮盐偶合和取代肼氧化等许多方法［２～４］,其偶氮基两端一般联有烃基或芳环,而联有羰基的偶氮类化合物用通常方法难以制备．本文首次用Ｎ－溴代丁二酰亚...     

MOLECULAR PROBES: PHOTOISOMERIZATION OF OPTICALLY ACTIVE AZO COMPOUNDS

Abstract— The azo group may be used as a probe to gain information about the molecular surroundings. The circular dichroism (CD) spectra of two azo steroids have been investigated in media of different viscosity and polarity. The CD spectra of the trans -compounds are only slightly affected by the environment while those of the cis -compounds are strongly dependent on the environment. Photoisomerization is analysed by absorption and ellipticity diagrams as tests for chromophoric and conformeric uniformity. Our results support an inversion mechanism of the photoisomerization of azo compounds.     

Spectrophotometric Studies on Some Arylazo Barbituric Acids and Arylazo Pyrimidine in Organic Solvents and in Buffer Solutions

The UV and visible spectra of some arylazo barbituric acids and arylazo pyrimidine in pure and mixed organic solvents of varying polarities have been studied. The different absorption bands displayed in the electronic spectra of these compounds are assigned and the possibility of the existence of these compounds in tautomeric equilibrium as well as in intra‐ and intermolecular H‐bonding were examined. The solute‐solvents molecular complexes liable to exist in polar‐nonpolar mixed solvents are investigated. The structure of the azo compounds were confirmed by ¹H NMR and IR spectroscopy. The ionization processes of the compounds were investigated and the possible ionization constants were determined and discussed in terms of molecular structure of the azo compounds.     

Electronic spectra, solvatochromic behavior and acid-base properties of some azo cinnoline compounds

The electronic spectra of three azo cinnoline derivatives have been studied in pure and mixed organic solvents of different characteristics as well as the effect of concentration of the compounds in the different solvents. The different bands observed have been assigned to the proper electronic transition. The longer wavelength band displayed by the para nitro cinnoline derivative in dimethylformamide (DMF) solution is assigned to an intermolecular CT transition. The solvated H-bonding complexes formed between DMF and the para nitro derivative were investigated. DeltaG and K(f) values of these complexes have been determined. The acidity constants of the para nitro compound were determined from the spectra in aquous-methanolic solution of varying pH values. The effect of temperature on the longer wavelength visible band of p-NO(2) has been investigated.     

Colour and constitution of azo compounds derived from diaminoazines

Visible absorption spectra have been recorded for azo compounds derived from 2,5-dichlorosulphanilic acid azo-coupled with $\text{N}$,$\text{N}$-diethyl-m-phenylenediamine, and with azine analogues. The effects of the ring-aza substituents as well as cyano on the spectra indicate a surprising difference in sensitivity of the two ring positions meta to the azo group. M.O. calculations show chat the amino group ortho to the azo linkage introduces asymmetry into the HOMO, and this is responsible for the differing effects of substitution.     

Solution and solid state structure and tautomerism of azo coupled enaminone derivatives of benzoylacetone

The reaction of 4-substituted benzenediazonium tetrafluoroborates with 3-amino-1-phenylbut-2-en-1-one, 4-amino-4-phenylbut-3-en-2-one and their N-aryl derivatives 1a-1g has been used to prepare the respective azo coupling products i.e. compounds 2-5 from enaminone 1a, compounds 6-9 from enaminone 1c, compound 10 from enaminone 1d, compound 11 from enaminone 1e, compounds 12, 13 from enaminone 1f, compounds 14, 15 from enaminone 1b and compound 16 from enaminone 1g. Tautomerism of the azo coupling products prepared has been investigated in CDCl3 solutions by means of 1H, 13C and 15N NMR spectra. Crystal structures of selected products have also been investigated by means of X-ray diffraction.     

13C NMR spectra of non-labelled and 15N-mono-labelled azo dyes

¹³C NMR spectra of four types of azo coupling products from benzenediazonium chloride have been measured and interpreted, viz. hydrazo compounds with an intramolecular hydrogen bond (3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazole-4,5-dione 4-phenylhydrazone), azo compounds without an intramolecular hydrogen bond (4-hydroxyazobenzene), azo compounds with an intramolecular hydrogen bond (2-hydroxy-5-tert-butylazobenzene) and an equilibrium mixture of both the tautomers of 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol. The absolute values of the J(¹⁵N¹³C) coupling constants have been determined by recording the spectra of the ¹⁵N isotopomers, and have been used, in some cases, for ¹³C signal assignment. A relationship has been found between the chemical shifts of the C-1′ to C-4′ carbons of the phenyl group (from the benzenediazonium ion) or the ¹J(¹⁵N¹³C) coupling constant, and the composition of the tautomeric mixture.     

Relation between molecular structure and spectral characteristics of some chelating mono-azo dyes based on o-hydroxy aryl aldehydes and carboxylic acids

The electronic absorption spectra of some chelating mono-azo compounds have been studied in some organic solvents of varying polarities. The u.v. bands in ethanol and cyclohexane are assigned in the light of electronic transitions. The effect of microscopic and macroscopic solvent polarity parameters are also discussed. The i.r. spectra of the solid compounds as KBr discs as well as the ¹H NMR spectra have also been assigned and discussed in relation to molecular structure. The azo ⇌ hydrazone tautomerism in some of these compounds is assured. The study indicated that the colour of the materials depends on the polarity and the formation of intermolecular H-bonds with the solvent molecules.     

Tautomeric structures, electronic spectra, acid-base properties of some 7-aryl-2,5-diamino-3(4-hydroxyphenyazo)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carbonitriles, and effect of their copper(II) complex solutions on some bacteria and fungi

Infrared and electronic spectra were used to investigate the tautomerism of some azo compounds, in both the solid and solution states. It was found that the compounds exist in azo<==>hydrazone tautomeric equilibrium in solid and in solutions. The different bands displayed in the electronic spectra of the compounds in various organic solvents are assigned to the suitable electronic transitions. The solvatochromic behavior of the compounds was investigated by studying their visible spectra in pure and mixed organic solvents. DeltaG and formation constant, Kf, values of the molecular complexes formed in solution have been determined. Effect of concentration of the compounds in DMF and EtOH solutions has been investigated. The basicity and acidity constants of the different compounds were determined from the spectra of these compounds in aqueous-ethanolic solutions of varying pH values. Some complexes of copper(II) with these compounds in solution were tested as for their antibacterial and antifungal activity.     

偶氮型聚氧乙烯醚分散染料结构的电喷雾质谱分析

采用质谱、紫外和核磁共振等手段 ,对偶氮型聚氧乙烯醚染料及其中间体进行了结构与发色状况研究 ,结果表明偶氮染料接枝聚氧乙烯醚链后 ,染料近似呈正态分析 ,为具有相似结构 ,不同环氧乙烷平均加成数的同系混合物 ,接枝聚氧乙烯醚链长短 ,对其紫外吸收影响很小 ,紫外最大吸收λmax基本不变