煤泥柱浮选的承载能力与气含率轴向分布

为优化柱浮选设备的处理能力和分选效果,采用压差法测定柱体内部的气含率,同时通过调整入料浓度和流速,分析煤泥柱浮选承载能力和气含率轴向分布的变化规律,并探索两者之间的内在联系及对煤泥分选效果的影响。结果表明：入料流速小于临界流速时,气含率在轴向上从底部到顶部依次增大;流速达到临界流速或以上时,气含率轴向分布发生逆变;临界流速随入料浓度的升高逐渐减小。承载能力随入料流速的增大先增大后减小,拐点为气含率轴向分布逆变的临界流速;一定范围内浓度的升高有利于提高承载能力和可燃体回收率。建立了煤泥柱浮选的承载能力预测模型,线性拟合的相关系数R 2=0.873,达到了较高的预测精度。     

浮选柱气含率及其影响因素对煤泥分选的研究

利用压差法检测浮选柱气含率,通过正交设计和煤泥浮选实验,研究循环压力、进气量和起泡剂浓度对气含率的影响以及气含率对煤泥浮选效果的影响.结果表明,起泡剂浓度对气含率的影响最大,进气量次之,循环压力最小.在一定范围内,随着气含率的增大,精煤产率增大,精煤的灰分也随之增大,精煤质量下降.当气含率为24.17%时,精煤产率为87.35%,精煤灰分为10.02%.随着循环压力增大,精煤产率增大,但精煤灰分有所下降.分析指出气含率大小可作为调节浮选柱矿物分选指标的一个参考标准.     

Recovery of coal fines using column flotation

Tests carried out on 100mm dia × 2300mm high flotation column using coal fines from the coking coal washeries at Sudamdih, Patherdih, Kathara and Moonidih (India) have shown that the performance of the column is superior to that of the conventional cells with respect to the grade and recovery of the product. The column is found to operate efficiently both on coarse and fine fractions in the feed. The reasons for the superior performance of the flotation column have been analysed.     

炼焦中煤柱浮选试验研究

以山西新裕选煤厂重介中煤为研究对象,通过破碎、细磨释放中煤有机组分,利用旋流和无旋流两种进气结构的浮选柱进行了浮选对比试验,研究结果表明:旋流进气结构的浮选柱在大充气量时,中煤可燃体回收率可达66.67%;无旋流进气结构的浮选柱在较小的充气量时,中煤浮选产品灰分可降至10.31%。在此基础上,针对中煤特点提出了"重选+粗选+精选"的中煤再选工艺。     

Industrial testing of a gas holdup sensor for flotation systems

The role of gas holdup in flotation has long been discussed but never demonstrated, arguably because a reliable measurement technique has not been available. Work was initiated to develop a gas holdup sensor for industrial operations based on the use of two so-called flow cells for measuring the conductivity of the pulp with and without air. These are the measurements required to estimate gas holdup using Maxwell’s equation that relates conductivity to concentration of a dispersed non-conducting phase (i.e., bubbles) in a continuous liquid phase (pulp in this case). After a series of prototypes a unit robust enough for industrial use that continuously measures and delivers signals easily integrated into a plant PLC system has been developed. This communication describes the working principle along with some construction details. The experience of plant tests, ranging from paper to mineral pulps, and mechanical cells to columns, is reviewed.     

Application of three-dimensional electrical resistance tomography to characterize gas holdup distribution in laboratory flotation cell

Flotation is a separation process in which a hydrophobic material is separated from a hydrophilic one. It is commonly used in several branches of processing. The purpose of this paper was to use three dimensional Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT) for the measurement of the spatial distribution of gas holdup in a mechanical flotation cell. Using an array of metal electrodes installed on the wall of the cell, a set of electric currents was injected to the cell and the resulting voltages were measured. The electrical conductivity within the cell was estimated based on the known currents and measured voltages. The gas holdup distribution was computed based on Maxwell model. The method was tested in a 50 dm³ mechanical flotation cell filled with water. The gas holdup distribution is presented at various values of the rotor speed and gas superficial velocity in non-frothed and frothed cases. Moreover, the performance of two rotor-stator mechanisms was compared. The results indicate that the 3D gas holdup distribution in a mechanical flotation cell under different conditions can be estimated using ERT. Moreover, differences in the gas holdup distribution can be detected depending on which rotor-stator mechanism is in use.     

GAS holdup and RTD measurement in an industrial flotation cell

In this work, the measurement of the axial gas holdup profile and gas residence time distribution (RTD), in a 130 m³ self-aerated flotation cell, is presented. For this purpose, a radioactive tracer gas was activated in the Nuclear Reactor of the Chilean Commission of Nuclear Energy.The gas tracer, Freon 13B1, was injected as an impulse signal at the gas (air) inlet point, located at the top of the cell, from which the gas tracer circulates first through the rotor, where the bubble dispersion occurs, and then the gas becomes well distributed over the whole cross-sectional area before leaving the cell.The axial gas holdup profile was estimated from the transient gas concentration measurement at different depths inside the cell. From these experiments it was found that the air entering the cell was preferentially distributed in the upper half of the cell, while the gas entrainment into tailings was negligible. The mean gas holdup was 8.8%, and consequently the effective pulp volume of collection zone was 91.2%.The gas concentration on top of froth was recorded for RTD measurement of the gas leaving the cell. It was found that the mean gas residence time was around 42 s and the mixing condition for gas and pulp was similar.     

浮选柱及精煤压滤机回收煤泥的实践研究

分析了兴发选煤厂煤泥水处理系统的改造原因,并介绍了改造后的工艺流程主要特点,指出在原料煤性质、入料浓度相同的情况下,采用以浮选柱与加压过滤机作为浮选精煤压滤机联合使用,可提高选煤厂煤泥水处理能力和精煤产率。     

气体压力对煤体瓦斯渗透特征的影响

为了研究刚性围岩中不同瓦斯压力条件下含瓦斯煤体渗透特征,使用了自行研制的煤体瓦斯吸附-解吸试验装置,建立了煤体瓦斯渗透物理模型,分别采用N2和CO2在煤体内进行渗透试验,对瓦斯压力、总压力和渗透速度进行了监测.试验结果表明,同等温度和压力条件下N2在煤体内的渗透速度比CO2大;结果还表明,含瓦斯煤体的渗透速度随气体压力增加按照二次多项式规律增加.此项试验研究对矿井瓦斯动力灾害防治和煤层气开采技术理论研究具有重要的参考价值.     

Effect of frothers and dodecylamine on bubble size and gas holdup in a downflow column

Bubble size and gas holdup were characterized in a two phase gas–water system in a laboratory downflow column. The effect of the cationic surfactant dodecyl amine (MW 185, HLB 10.7) and the frothers MIBC (MW 102, HLB 6.05) and polyglycol F507 (MW 425, HLB 8.63) on the bubble size and gas holdup were investigated. In addition, the effect of blends of MIBC-dodecyl amine (DDA) and F507-DDA on these parameters was assessed. The bubble Critical Coalescence Concentration (CCC) followed the order MIBC > DDA > F507. When blending the frothers with DDA at a concentration below its CCC, the frother CCC decreased and bubbles of finer size were obtained below and above the frother CCC. Static surface tension measurements of aqueous solutions with frothers and DDA as well as with frothers-DDA blends show coadsorption of DDA at the air/aqueous solution interface. The surface tension of aqueous solutions prepared with the blends decreased with the addition of DDA and varied linearly with the frother concentration within the concentration range studied. The gas holdup in the downflow column was determined by the bubble size and decreased with the bubble size. It is shown that frother-DDA blends gave the lowest gas holdup in the downflow column. This work is relevant for the reverse flotation of quartz from iron ores using amine collectors in cells with downflow systems.     

Investigation of gas dispersion characteristics in stirred tank and flotation cell using a corrected CFD-PBM quadrature-based moment method approach

In this study, the population balance model (PBM) is coupled with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to investigate the steady-state bubble size distribution in two types of process equipment namely, a standard Rushton turbine stirred tank reactor and a generic lab-scale flotation cell. The coupling is realized using Fluent 15.07 software, and the numerical model is validated for the stirred tank reactor. The population balance equation (PBE) is solved using the quadrature method of moments (QMOM) technique along with a correction procedure implemented to check and correct invalid moment sets. The breakage and coalescence of bubbles due to turbulence are considered. The breakage rate and daughter size distribution models proposed by Laakkonen et al. (2007) are considered. For modeling coalescence rate, models proposed by Coulaloglou and Tavlarides (1977) are considered. The interaction between the phases is handled by considering the drag model proposed by Lane et al. (2005) while ignoring the other interphase forces. The correction algorithm has been successfully implemented, and improved predictions of gas volume fraction and Sauter mean diameter (SMD, d₃₂) have been observed with a good match between the predictions and experimental measurements. The local SMD predictions are compared against predictions from the past studies and the superiority of the current approach for moderate gassing rates is established. The CFD-PBM approach is then used to study and characterize different flow regimes occurring in a generic mechanical flotation cell at different aeration rates and impeller rotation speeds. Also, power numbers are calculated from torque data and are found to drop considerably with an increase in aeration rate and impeller rotation speed as the flow regime approaches recirculating flow. The predicted SMD for flotation cell indicates that smaller bubbles are concentrated near the high turbulence impeller stream, the lower recirculation region, and close to the tank walls. On the other hand, large bubbles are formed in the upper tank region and are concentrated around the shaft during the flooding, loading, and transition flow regimes. In the future, the corrected QMOM approach will be further extended by implementing kinetic models capable of predicting the flotation rate constant using local bubble size information obtained from CFD-PBM simulations.     

工业浮选柱的气含率测定及其影响因素研究

气含率是影响浮选柱分选效果的重要参数之一。采用压差法测定浮选柱内部的气含率,并基于直接数字控制(DDC)技术和MCGS组态软件,设计开发了适合于工业浮选柱的气含率测试系统。通过对循环压力、充气量和起泡剂用量3个因素进行试验,研究了它们对工业浮选柱气含率的影响。结果表明:循环压力、充气量和起泡剂用量对气含率影响显著;在一定范围内气含率随着循环压力、充气量和起泡剂用量增大而增大,当增大到一定程度时气含率增大的幅度逐渐减小。     

煤层瓦斯含量与瓦斯压力反算关系研究

通过对煤层瓦斯压力产生原因及瓦斯储层研究,确定了煤层中瓦斯压力(含残余瓦斯压力)与瓦斯含量(包括参与瓦斯含量)的关系,煤层保持完整或较完整状态时煤层瓦斯压力可以与瓦斯含量采用朗格缪尔方程互相反算,煤层处于破碎离散状态时,则煤层以块状呈现,煤层中存在瓦斯含量但相对瓦斯压力煤层瓦斯压力与瓦斯含量不适用朗格缪尔方程互相反算。     

浮选机+浮选柱联合分选模式在柴里选煤厂的应用

针对煤泥不能全部入浮的问题,柴里选煤厂进行了“浮选机+浮选柱”工艺改造,通过改造及现场调试运行,柴里选煤厂实现了煤泥全部入浮,不仅提高了精煤产率,取得了显著经济效益,且减少了细颗粒煤泥在系统中的循环量,优化了煤泥水系统.     

一种新型浮选柱发泡器生成气泡特性研究

在自行设计的浮选柱模拟系统中,对一种新型浮选柱微泡-逆流接触式浮选柱气泡发生器的发泡特性进行系统研究;以发泡器产生的气泡为研究对象,通过高速摄像记录仪获取气泡图像,采用图像处理软件对气泡直径及速度进行提取、统计,考察气泡发生器在不同充气条件下气泡密度及气泡尺寸分布特征,探索生成气泡的尺寸和速度之间的对应关系。研究结果表明,随充气量增大,气泡平均直径增大,气泡尺寸分布由变宽,微气泡数量减少;在充气量Q=4 L/min时,气泡尺寸分布比较均匀且产生充足的微气泡;气泡上升速度主要取决于充气量和气泡尺寸,通过试验数据分析,提出了该浮选柱气泡发生器生成气泡上升速度与尺寸之间的指数关系式。     

The mixing characteristics of solid and liquid phases in a flotation column

This paper presents results obtained in determining the residence time distribution (RTD) characteristics of the solid and liquid phases in a laboratory column and two industrial columns using radioactively labelled solid and liquid tracers. The dispersion model is shown to be superior to other models in describing the RTD in columns with diameter between 10cm and 150cm. Smaller diameter columns can be modelled using either the dispersion model or the tanks-in-series model and larger columns can be modelled using the latter model. Feed and gangue material produce similar tailings age distribution curves. The solid dispersion coefficient is larger than the liquid dispersion coefficient. The solid dispersion coefficient increases with increasing particle size in the laboratory column but remains constant with increasing particle size in the large columns. A modified correlation is proposed to predict the solid dispersion coefficient in large columns.     

Beneficiation of an Indian non-coking coal by column flotation

International Journal of Coal Science & Technology - Beneficiation of non-coking coal is gaining ground in India. It not only reduces the volume of inert content to be transported to the power...     

粉煤灰中难浮未燃炭的柱式浮选脱除试验研究

采用粒度分析、X射线衍射、接触角测量和X荧光分析等手段对矿样的物理化学性质进行表征,从表面性质的角度探讨未燃炭可浮性较差的内在原因;研究黏性起泡剂KD对浮选体系的泡沫稳定作用;采用实验室型旋流-静态微泡浮选柱研究未燃炭的柱式浮选行为。研究结果表明：黏性起泡剂可有效提高浮选体系的泡沫稳定性,在起泡剂KD用量400 g/t、表观充气速率1.8 cm/s、泡沫层厚度150～200 mm、浮选柱循环压力0.22 MPa的优化试验条件下,可以得到烧失量3.15%的低炭灰产品,炭脱除率达91.88%。     

Two-stage fast flotation of coal tailings using reflux flotation

Low pulp density and low grade slurries in the coal and minerals industries are discharged as waste to tailings dams, incurring significant losses of valuable particles. This paper investigates the rapid processing and cleaning of hydrocyclone overflow coal slurry using two laboratory scale Reflux Flotation Cells in series as a means to economically beneficiate low quality tailings streams. The Reflux Flotation Cell incorporates a novel arrangement of inclined channels to enhance bubble-liquid segregation, enabling extremely high gas rates and liquid rates per unit of vessel area. Hence, in the first stage, fast flotation is employed to rapidly recover fine coal particles using a feed flux of 11.4 ± 0.5 cm/s, up to an order of magnitude increase in the throughput rate over conventional flotation systems. First stage product was then sent to a second stage for counter-current washing using fluidisation wash water to produce a fully deslimed product, having ash percent in agreement with the minimum ash attainable using flotation as determined through tree flotation analysis. The results demonstrate the potential for two-stage Reflux Flotation to deliver high throughput at a high separation efficiency from low quality slurry, with a fivefold reduction in the required vessel footprint, thus overcoming the principal economic deterrent of having to install banks of large-scale flotation cells.     

Comparison of gas hold-up distribution measurement in a flotation cell using capturing and conductivity techniques

This paper presents and interprets results of experimental measurements of the spatial gas hold-up distribution in a 3 m³ glass rectangular flotation cell at the JKMRC using two different techniques. The gas hold-up device with the capturing technique was developed at the JKMRC and has been used widely in the P9 project¹ while the one with conductivity technique was developed at the CSIRO Thermal and Fluids Engineering laboratory at Highett, Victoria, Australia. Measurements were conducted at more than 64 locations in the cell to determine the local gas hold-up distribution in the cell. Since the measurements using the two techniques were conducted at the same locations, the results may be compared with each other.The results indicate that the gas hold-up varies widely inside the flotation cell. The gas hold-up distributions measured by the two techniques are relatively similar except in some locations which can be reasonably explained.