南美斑潜蝇的发育起点温度和有效积温

在不同恒温条件下观察了南美斑潜蝇各虫态的生长发育情况,采用直线回归法求出南美斑潜蝇卵、幼虫、蛹和全世代的发育起点温度分别为7．62、6．37、8．46和7．78℃,有效积温分别为43．67、72．99、128．21和243．90日度。     

南美斑潜蝇发育起点温度和有效积温的研究

在恒温条件下 ,观察了不同温度对南美斑潜蝇LiriomyzahuidobrensisBlanchard生长发育的影响 ,并用直线回归法测得卵、幼虫、蛹和全世代的发育起点温度分别为 7 2℃ ,7 4℃ ,7 7℃和 7 5℃ ,有效积温分别为 4 0 8,98 6 ,1 4 0 5和 2 79 9日·度     

美洲斑潜蝇发育起点温度及有效积温研究

设置6个温度12个湿度对美洲斑潜蝇卵、幼虫、蛹的发育速率进行了测定,结果表明：温度是影响孩虫发育的最重要因素;分别运用直线回归法和优选法计算发育起点温度和有效积温,结果是优选法的精确度较高;用优选法所得卵、幼虫、蛹和全世代的发育起点温度分别为9．2、6．4、10．8、11．0℃,有效积温分别为4O．2、78．0、129．0、218．9日度。     

国槐尺蠖发育起点温度与有效积温

在恒温20,23,25,27,30℃下,对沈阳市国槐尺蠖Semiothisa cinerearia Bremeret Grey各虫态的发育历期,发育起点温度和有效积温进行了研究。结果表明,随着温度的升高,发育历期逐渐缩短;国槐尺蠖卵,幼虫,蛹,成虫期和世代发育起点温度C分别为(4.20±0.95),(5.80±0.95),(8.28±0.30),(16.92±0.50)和(9.06±0.21)℃。相应的有效积温K分别为(71.3±2.3),(300.5±14.3),(354.2±8.3),(52.4±2.59)和(752.76±10.5)日.度。根据发育起点温度和有效积温,预测出国槐尺蠖在沈阳的年发生代数为3.4～3.6代,其结果符合实际发生情况。     

金银花尺蠖发育起点温度和有效积温的研究

利用光照培养箱,在16、19、22、25、28、31和34℃7个恒温条件下饲养金银花尺蠖Heterolocha jinyinhuaphaga Chu,对其各虫态的发育历期、发育起点温度和有效积温进行了研究。结果表明,该虫在16～34℃的温度范围内均能正常生长发育,但各虫态的发育历期随温度变化而变化,在31℃以下的温度时,发育历期随温度的升高而缩短,超过31℃时,发育速度反而减慢,发育历期则逐渐延长;卵、幼虫、蛹、产卵前期和整个世代的发育起点温度分别为9.42、11.44、5.42、13.98和9.74℃,有效积温分别为122.64、303.15、195.95、39.15和673.03日.度;根据有效积温法则预测该虫在滁州市1年的理论发生代数为3.07代,这与实际发生情况基本相符合。     

刺槐叶瘿蚊发育起点温度和有效积温

在实验室条件下对刺槐叶瘿蚊Obolodiplosis robiniae(Haldemann)发育历期、发育起点温度和有效积温进行研究。结果表明,随着温度的升高,发育历期缩短;刺槐叶瘿蚊的卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫和全世代的发育起点温度分别为4.51,6.15,4.79和14.17℃,有效积温分别为62.20,281.42,124.45和55.48日.度;整个世代的发育起点温度为8.01℃,有效积温为506.93日.度;刺槐叶瘿蚊在秦皇岛年发生代数的预测值为5.12~5.76代。     

椰心叶甲啮小蜂发育起点温度和有效积温研究

椰心叶甲啮小蜂Tetrastichus brontispae Ferriere在实验室内,相对湿度75±5%,光周期L:D=12:12,温度16℃,20℃,24℃,28℃条件下,世代平均历期分别为53.7天,28.0天,21.2天,16.2天.其卯、幼虫、蛹及整个世代的发育起始点温度分别为13.15±0.49℃,10.25±0.44℃,12.41±0.57℃,10.50±0.89℃;有效积温分别为15.35±0.76日度,107.21±3.76日度,113.60±6.22日度,281.50±7.05日度.椰心叶甲啮小蜂生长发育历期随温度的升高而缩短,与温度的关系符合指数函数:y=226.19667e-0.096991x.     

苹果绵蚜蚜小蜂发育历期、发育起点温度和有效积温的研究

本文以苹果绵蚜为繁殖寄主,研究了苹果绵蚜蚜小蜂在不同温度下的发育历期、发育起点温度和有效积温。结果显示:苹果绵蚜蚜小蜂的发育历期随温度的升高而缩短,最适发育温度为21℃-27℃。山东地区越冬代苹果绵蚜蚜小蜂打破滞育的发育起点温度为雌蜂8.58℃,雄蜂8.22℃;有效积温为雌蜂148.72日度,雄蜂154.68日度。非越冬代苹果绵蚜蚜小蜂在卵-羽化阶段发育起点温度为雌蜂5.62℃,雄蜂5.55℃;有效积温为雌蜂284.40日度,雄蜂为295.61日度。并推测了2008年济南地区苹果绵蚜蚜小蜂发生代数和越冬代羽化时间,与实测情况基本相符。     

家蝇发育起点温度和有效积温

在5种温度下,对家蝇的发育起点温度和有效积温进行了研究。结果表明,家蝇在不同发育阶段发育起点温度和有效积温不同,且不同发育阶段对两者的要求也不一致。世代的发育起点温度和有效积温分别为13.6℃和196.4日.度,控制发育进度的理论为T=196.4/N+(13.6±0.5)。     

豆蚜发育起点温度和有效积温的研究

本文研究了豆蚜孤雌胎生蚜在实验室条件下的发育起点温度和有效积温。结果表明,长沙地区豆蚜孤雌胎生蚜全世代发育起点温度和有效积温分别为2.6±0.81℃和175.3±15.7日度。相对湿度在50％以下对豆蚜发育有抑制作用,而在50～90％之间对发育无多大影响。自然光周期对豆蚜发育几乎无影响(冬季可能的滞育型个体除外)。豆蚜在湖南每年发生的理论代数为29～32±4.3代。     

美洲斑潜蝇发育始点及有效积温研究

室内设置５种温度对美洲斑潜蝇卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫和全世代的发育速率进行了观察,测得其发育始点和有效积温分别为１４．４、１２．８、１１．１、１５．０、１２．５Ｃ和２９．０、４８．９、１３６．６、２３．７、２３８．２日度,同时对１９９７年进行了发生检验。     

Molecular identification of Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Dipt., Agromyzidae) based on real-time PCR

Abstract:  Rapidly identifying juvenile individuals of Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) from Liriomyza sativae Blanchard is crucial in plant quarantine. We report a molecular method to identify L . trifolii based on real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). By comparing partial DNA sequences of mitochondrial COI genes of L . trifolii samples collected from Guangdong and Taiwan provinces in China, Japan, Philippine, Israel, Germany, the USA, Mexico and Honduras sequenced by authors, and those of related species recorded in GenBank, a L . trifolii -specific probe was developed. There was no difference in individuals of different stages tested by this probe. The total time for real-time PCR assay system was 2 h, and it would save 3–7 h compared with conventional PCR.     

阿里山潜蝇茧蜂Fopius arisanus的发育起点温度和有效积温

对橘小实蝇卵寄生蜂阿里山潜蝇茧蜂Fopius arisanus(Sonan)的发育起点温度和有效积温进行了研究。结果表明,阿里山潜蝇茧蜂的卵、幼虫、蛹、雌成虫、雄成虫和世代的发育起点温度分别为9.7、8.8、8.5、8.7、8.7和9.3℃;有效积温分别为25.2.200.2、133.6、344.4、242.8和440.2日度。在19-31℃之间,阿里山潜蝇茧蜂的发育历期随温度的升高而缩短。     

Ovipositional deterrent on mature stage of sweet pepper, Capsicum annuum, against Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess)

Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), the American serpentine leafminer fly, is a well-known serious pest in the world. This insect species attacks plants of more than 21 families including Solanaceae plants. A sweet pepper, Capsicum annuum (Solanaceae), on mature stage, however, shows resistance to this leafminer fly. This resistance is based on the ovipositional deterrent in the sweet pepper leaf against the fly species. Based on the bioassay guided fractionation, phytol [(2E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol] was isolated and identified as an ovipositional deterrent against this insect species. The yield of this compound was 815 microg/g fresh leaf of C. annuum. This compound completely deterred the females from laying their eggs on host plant leaves treated at 35.2 microg/cm2.     

Attractive Effects of American Serpentine Leafminer, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), to Light-Emitting Diodes

Phototactic responses of Liriomyza trifolii adults to six different light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were investigated, and their responses were compared to that using a luring lamp (BLB) under laboratory conditions. Based on the attraction rate under optimal light conditions, the green LED (520?±?5 nm) showed the highest attraction rate (99.7 %), followed by the yellow LED (590?±?5 nm, 96.1 %), the red LED (625?±?10 nm, 91.4 %), the blue LED (470?±?10 nm, 91.2 %), the UV LED (365 nm, 71.0 %), and the IR LED (730 nm, 5.6 %). Moreover, the green LED was approximately 1.4 times more attractive than BLB (71.1 %) to L. trifolii adults. These results suggest that the green LED was the most useful for monitoring of L. trifolii adults under optimal conditions.     

Ovipositional deterrent in the sweet pepper, Capsicum annuum, at the mature stage against Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess)

Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), the American serpentine leafminer fly, is well known as a serious pest throughout the world. This insect attack over 21 different plant families including solanaceae plants. The mature sweet pepper, Capsicum annuum (Solanaceae), however, shows resistance to this leafminer fly. This resistance is based on the ovipositional deterrent in the sweet pepper leaf against the fly species. Based on bioassay-guided fractionation, luteolin 7-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside was isolated and identified as the ovipositional deterrent against this insect species. This compound completely deterred L. trifolii females from laying their eggs on a host plant leaf treated at 4.90 microg/cm2.     

Biological Control of the Leafminer Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess): Implications for Intraguild Predation between Diglyphus begini Ashmead and Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser)

Studies were conducted on the combined use of the eulophid parasitoid wasp Diglyphus begini Ashmead and the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) for control of the leafminer Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) on chrysanthemums. Several factors indicated that these two agents were suitable for combined use: adult D. begini were not susceptible to nematode infection, leafminer larvae parasitized by the wasp were less susceptible to nematode infection, adult wasps detected and tended to avoid ovipositing on nematode-infected leafminer larvae, nematode-infected larvae served as host-feeding sources for the adult wasps, and nematodes showed equal orientation toward paralyzed/parasitized leafminer larvae and healthy leafminer larvae. However, interspecific interference and intraguild predation (IGP) between the agents were found. Infection of D. begini larval stages by nematodes was seen in petri dishes and in intact leaf mines. The presence of nematodes in mines with wasp eggs decreased the chance of wasp survival to adulthood. IGP may be minimized through proper timing of natural enemy releases.     

Nitrogenous ovipositional deterrents in the leaves of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) at the mature stage against the leafminer, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess)

Mature leaves of the sweet pepper, Capsicum annuum, exhibited resistance against the American serpentine leafminer, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), Agromyzidae. Based on bioassay-guided fractionation, three compounds, namely 4-aminobutanoic acid, (2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-pyrrolidine carboxylic acid and 4-amino-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-2(1H)-pyrimidinone, were isolated from the leaves of sweet pepper. These compounds had significant oviposition deterrence towards adult flies of L. trifolii from laying their eggs on host plant leaves treated at 3.70, 16.60 and 6.45 microg/cm(2), respectively.