Canadians' level of confidence in their sources of nutrition information.

North Americans have a great interest in health and nutrition. However, because sources of nutrition information are vast, the quality of the information varies. We explored the potential benefit of segmenting the Canadian population by geographical location and age in determining the principal sources of nutrition information and level of confidence in these sources. A survey was posted on the Dietitians of Canada website: subjects indicated how frequently they used different healthy eating sources and their level of confidence in the various sources. A total of 870 questionnaires were retained. Magazines, books, the Internet, food labels, and brochures were the most frequently used sources of information. Analyses indicated differences between geographic areas in the use of the media (radio, newspaper, television), dietitians, and naturopaths as sources of nutrition information (p<0.05), and between seven age groups (<18 to 65+ years) in the use of the media (p<0.05). Respondents reported being very confident about nutrition information received from dietitians, physicians, books, the government, and nurses, with some differences occurring between geographic areas (p<0.05).     

Biomedical research on a concentrate of carotenoids made from the North Atlantic sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa]

Possibility of utilizing a carotenoid concentrate (CC) extracted from Cucumaria frondosa of the North Atlantic in foodstuffs and medicinal and prophylactic diet is considered. A complex of experimental studies including physiological, biochemical and morphological examinations has found that addition of CC in physiological doses to a diet of warm-blooded animals during 12 months causes no side effects. Utilization of CC in medicinal and prophylactic dietary nutrition may be beneficial.     

Special features of actual nutrition and nutritional status of children living in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District

Actual nutrition of children living at boarding-school of the Yamal-Nenets autonomous district and also characteristics of their health, such as capacity for work, vitamin metabolism, physical development and activity of bio-oxidant systems of organism have been studied. The obtained results have become the basis for developing scientifically substantiated principles of creating balanced nutrition ration with antioxidant properties for the children living at the Far North.     

A Partnership for Public Health: Branded Food Products Database

Assessing the nutritional health of Americans depends on comprehensive data regarding the nutrient composition of foods. USDA, ILSI North America, and the ATIP Foundation have formed a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) to enhance public health by augmenting the USDA National Nutrient Database with nutrient composition of branded and privatelabel data. A PPP provides the framework to convene the expertise to compile this nutrient data,secure the private sector engagement in providing this information, obtain the broad-based constituent funding necessary for maintenance, and provide timely information for nutrition, agricultural, and diet-related health policy on the nutrient composition of the food supply.     

Contributions to advances in blend pellet products (BPP) research on molecular structure and molecular nutrition interaction by advanced synchrotron and globar molecular (Micro)spectroscopy

ABSTRACT

To date, advanced synchrotron-based and globar-sourced techniques are almost unknown to food and feed scientists. There has been little application of these advanced techniques to study blend pellet products at a molecular level. This article aims to provide recent research on advanced synchrotron and globar vibrational molecular spectroscopy contributions to advances in blend pellet products research on molecular structure and molecular nutrition interaction. How processing induced molecular structure changes in relation to nutrient availability and utilization of the blend pellet products. The study reviews Utilization of co-product components for blend pellet product in North America; Utilization and benefits of inclusion of pulse screenings; Utilization of additives in blend pellet products; Application of pellet processing in blend pellet products; Conventional evaluation techniques and methods for blend pellet products. The study focus on recent applications of cutting-edge vibrational molecular spectroscopy for molecular structure and molecular structure association with nutrient utilization in blend pellet products. The information described in this article gives better insight on how advanced molecular (micro)spectroscopy contributions to advances in blend pellet products research on molecular structure and molecular nutrition interaction.     

Modeling the effect of energy status on mammary gland growth and lactation

The impact of nutrition on lactation can be separated into acute effects, affecting day-to-day yield, and chronic effects, which govern the persistency of lactation and rate of decline of the lactation curve. A mathematical model of the mammary gland was constructed to investigate both acute and chronic effects. Mammary growth is expressed in terms of the dynamics of populations of active (secreting) and quiescent (engorged) alveoli. The secretion rate of active alveoli is expressed in terms of the energy status of the dam. The model was fitted to data from a 2 x 2 factorial trial in which lactation curves were measured for heifers of two different genotypes (North American and New Zealand Holstein-Friesians) fed two different diets [grass and total mixed rations (TMR)]. Total formation of alveoli during pregnancy and lactation was statistically the same across all groups despite differences between diets, in the rate of formation of alveoli at parturition. The senescence rate of alveoli was significantly higher for heifers fed grass compared with heifers fed TMR, which corresponds to better persistency for heifers fed TMR. Heifers fed TMR had a higher rate of reactivation of quiescent alveoli than heifers fed grass, which also contributes to increased persistence for heifers fed TMR. There was a genotype x diet interaction in the rate of quiescence of active alveoli: the North American-Grass group had a higher rate of quiescence than the other three groups, perhaps reflecting differences in selection pressures between the New Zealand and North American genotypes.     

Integrating the totality of food and nutrition evidence for public health decision making and communication

The interpretation and integration of epidemiological studies detecting weak associations (RR <2) with data from other study designs (e.g., animal models and human intervention trials) is both challenging and vital for making science-based dietary recommendations in the nutrition and food safety communities. The 2008 ILSI North America "Decision-Making for Recommendations and Communication Based on Totality of Food-Related Research" workshop provided an overview of epidemiological methods, and case-study examples of how weak associations have been incorporated into decision making for nutritional recommendations. Based on the workshop presentations and dialogue among the participants, three clear strategies were provided for the use of weak associations in informing nutritional recommendations for optimal health. First, enable more effective integration of data from all sources through the use of genetic and nutritional biomarkers; second, minimize the risk of bias and confounding through the adoption of rigorous quality-control standards, greater emphasis on the replication of study results, and better integration of results from independent studies, perhaps using adaptive study designs and Bayesian meta-analysis methods; and third, emphasize more effective and truthful communication to the public about the evolving understanding of the often complex relationship between nutrition, lifestyle, and optimal health.     

Evaluation of U.S. Total Diet Study Data on Selenium

The potential usefulness of FDA's U.S. Total Diet Study (TDS) selenium (Se) data to the nutrition community was evaluatedas part of the TDS modernization program. TDS Se data collected from 2003 – 2010 was evaluated by comparing these data to Se concentration data in USDA's Standard Reference 26 (SR26) Database. We also evaluated trends in Se concentrations over time and differences in Se concentrations by Market Basket (MB). Comparable SR26 foods were identified for most TDS foods; however, for many TDS foods, there was more than one match in SR26. TDS was found to be a unique source of analytical Se concentration data for four food mixtures and for several SR26 foods with imputed Se concentrations. Se concentrations in TDS foods were similar to analyzed Se concentrations in most corresponding SR26 foods. Se concentrations in whole wheat bread were significantly higher in MB 2 (U.S. West Region, collected in the winter) than in MB 1 (U.S. North Central Region, collected in the fall), 3 (U.S. South Region, collected in the spring), and 4 (U.S. North East Region, collected in the summer). Se concentrations in whole wheat bread were also significantly higher in MB 4 than in MB 3. Se concentrations in boiled eggs were significantly higher in MB 2 than in other market baskets. The U.S. Total Diet Study suspended analysis of Se in 2010, but FDA is evaluating the potential benefits of adding Se analysis back to the TDS program. Results of this study demonstrate the potential value of TDS concentration data for Se and other nutrients to the U.S. nutrition community. However, it is clear that TDS data on generic foods (e.g. tuna, canned in water) are less useful than TDS data on more specifically defined foods (e.g. tuna, white, canned in water). Potential geographical and/or seasonal differences in Se contents of some foods may warrant additional investigation.     

Several parameters of the nutritional status of indigenous population of Far North

Presented are the results of nutrition status of 803 inhabitants of Yakutia both sexes at the age from 20 to 50. 22 per cent of examined men and 42 per cent of examined women had redundant body mass. It relates to high caloric diet and unbalance between consumption and expense of energy. High caloric diet is a cause of hypercholesterinemia and hypertriglyceridemia among young and old people. The most part of residents had insufficiency of vitamin C and beta-carotene in winter. It relates to deficit of fruit and vegetables in diet. 8 per cent of examined men and 30 per cent of examined women had low level of hemoglobin. Thus, rational nutrition is necessary for prophylaxis diseases in the Far North.     

The vitamin and mineral composition of the diets of adolescent schoolchildren in the Far North

Screening examination of pupils in 13-16 ages of Nadym by method of 24h.dietary interrogatory detected complex vitamin insufficiency and imbalance of mineral composition of juveniles diets. It was showed necessity of correction of pupils nutrition which are living in the conditions of the Far North.     

Hygienic estimation a state of nutrition of infant and preschool children age of city of Murmansk

The present research was directed on study of an actual meal and status of nutrition of children in the age of from birth till 5 years living in Murmansk (region of Far North). 998 children were surveyed. At an estimation of an actual meal of children the data about breast feeding are received, the basic nutrients misbalance of structure of diets of children are established, and their reasons are analyzed. On the basis of the received data the regional recommendations for organization of a healthy meal in children's preschool establishments and program of hygienic training of the parents to skills of a balanced diet of children of early and junior age were developed.     

Characteristics of nutrition in persons of older age groups in areas with different patterns of longevity]

The study of actual nutrition in old-aged subjects (60-74, 75-89 and 90 years and older) in the regions with varying levels of long-living has revealed different types of nutrition depending on the climatic and geographical zones. The character of nutrition of old-aged in varying regions permits a suggestion on the relation of long-living with low energy requirements that are formed under the influence of ecological conditions (high temperature and humidity of the air in Abkhazia) and determined genetically (Azerbaijan, Ukraine). Alteration of nutrition type according to the environmental requirements (as adaptation to high temperature), decreased energy value of food approaching the nutrition type of the indigenous population (for example, the Azerbaijans and Russians living in Azerbaijan) do not ensure long-living.     

中式菜品实施营养标签的相关问题研究

对中式菜品实施营养标签进行了可行性和必要性分析,并针对《餐饮业菜品营养标签规则》(征求意见稿)提出以下建议:中式菜品营养标签应该标注营养素计算方法;时营养成分数据进行认证;实行菜品标准化;建立营养条形码统一各种营养标签;规范营养成分标注单位;实行对宴席标注营养标签以促进合理配餐.菜品营养标签的提出及实施,可引导国民对食品的合理选择、提高公众营养健康水平、倡导绿色和健康的饮食习惯.     

精准营养食品定位及相关法规标准现状研究

精准营养（Precision Nutrition）作为新兴概念,目前尚无统一的定义。本文中的精准营养是指“根据个体或亚人群的特点,制定动态的营养建议、产品或服务,从而优化健康的领域”。精准营养是营养科学和健康产业发展的新方向。美国营养协会提出精准营养的流程可以划分为四大环节,包括评估（Assessment）、解释（Inter-pretation）、干预（Intervention）、监测与评价（Monitoring and Evaluation）。与传统营养产品与服务不同,精准营养的产品与服务可以以定制的方式实现,已有越来越多的企业布局精准营养。精准营养食品的定位目前尚不明确,本研究将“精准营养解决方案中针对亚人群或个体定制的食品”归为精准营养食品,并聚焦于非患病亚人群与个体。精准营养食品包括了定制化膳食营养补充剂,针对特殊的身体或生理状况（不含疾病、紊乱状态）的特殊膳食用食品,以及定制化餐品。首先梳理对比了国内外的定制化膳食营养补充剂以及特殊膳食用食品相关的法律法规,提出了针对精准营养食品的监管建议。进一步,全面梳理了已有的国内精准营养食品相关的国家标准、行业标准、地方标准、团体标准及团体指南,以及国外精准营养食品相关的国际标准化组织（ISO）标准、世界卫生组织（WHO）指南、国际食品法典委员会（CAC）标准以及国外其他协学会/团体指南。通过对比分析国内外精准营养食品的标准化情况,建议未来加快研制精准营养食品的产品检测方法标准、质量标准及产品使用标准等,可重点以团体标准的形式研制,以促进精准营养产业发展。     

In Vivo Study on Albumin and Total Protein in White Rat (Rattus Norvegicus) after Feeding of Enteral Formula from Tempe and Local Food

Enteral nutrition is used to supply the needs of nutrition and supplement for malnutrition patient. In certain condition, enteral was given in liquid form. Local food, such as tempe, rice, mung bean and canna suitable for being used in enteral formula. This study was conducted to determine effect of feeding enteral nutrition from tempe and local food using in vivo study on body weight, albumin and total protein. Rats were divided into three groups: Groups A were fed gogik (dried cassava, negative control), group B were fed enteral nutrition from local food (tempe, rice, mung bean, canna) and group C were fed commercial enteral nutrition. Before feeding, all of rat were fed gogik (dried cassava) during 14 days. Enteral nutrition was fed 20 gr/day during 30 days and consumption was recorded every day. Whole blood was collected from sinus orbitalis for analysis of total protein and albumin. Observation on body weight, albumin and total protein were made on day 0, 15 and 30. The result showed that body weight and albumin group B (enteral nutrition from tempe and local food) and group C (commercial enteral nutrition) were increased and group A (negative control) was decreased. The highest weight gain was by group B. Total protein on group B (4,63 g/dl) was higher compared to group C (4,48 g/dl) and group A (1,19 g/dl). This result showed that enteral nutrition from tempe and local foods was better than commercial formula.     

Nutritional research on esophageal cancer patients

A study was made of the food status of patients afflicted with carcinoma of the esophagus and cardia with metastasis to the esophagus and of the efficacy of the use of enteral nutrition and protein hydrolysates in addition to the basic nutrition. Altogether 79 patients were examined. They were distributed into 2 groups: the main and reference. The main group patients received enteral nutrition (60 to 200 g) and protein hydrolysate (30 to 70 g) in addition to the conventional hospital diet and occasional parcels. The reference group patients given neither enteral nutrition nor protein hydrolysate. Were examined for factual nutrition, anthropometric parameters, nitrogen balance, total urine nitrogen, basic metabolism, blood biochemistry and morphology. It has been shown that nutrition of this patients' group was inadequate with emphasis on high effectiveness of enteral nutrition and protein hydrolysates.     

Implementing nutrition diagnosis at a multisite health care organization

The American Dietetic Association Nutrition Care Process (NCP) is designed to improve patient care and interdisciplinary communication through the consistent use of standardized nutrition language. Supported by Dietitians of Canada, the NCP has been gaining prominence across Canada. In spring 2009, registered dietitians at Providence Health Care, an academic, multisite health care organization in Vancouver, British Columbia, began using the NCP with a focus on nutrition diagnosis. The success of nutrition diagnosis at Providence Health Care has depended on support from the Clinical Nutrition Department leadership, commitment from the NCP champions, regularly scheduled lunch-and-learn sessions, revised nutrition assessment forms with a section for nutrition diagnosis statements, and the Pocket Guide for International Dietetics & Nutrition Terminology (IDNT) Reference Manual. Audit results from June through August 2010 showed a 92% nutrition diagnosis completion rate for acute-care and long-term care sites within Providence Health Care. Ongoing audits will be used to evaluate the accuracy and quality of nutrition diagnosis statements. This evaluation will allow Providence Health Care dietitians to move forward with nutrition intervention.     

Nutri-Score,multiple traffic light and incomplete nutrition labelling on food packages: Effects on consumers’ accuracy in identifying healthier snack options

Front-of-package (FOP) nutrition labels are designed to help consumers evaluate the healthiness of foods and to promote healthier food choices. In this study, an online experiment with Swiss consumers (N = 1313) was conducted to compare the effects of different nutrition label formats on consumers’ evaluations of snack food healthiness. Participants were asked to select the healthier option in 105 pairwise comparisons of 15 salty snacks. The participants were randomly assigned to one of five conditions: the FOP presented with (1) the nutrition facts table, (2) the multiple traffic light (MTL), (3) the Nutri-Score, (4) the Nutri-Score on half of the products, or (5) no nutrition information (control). The consumers’ evaluations of the snacks’ healthiness were fairly accurate, even without being given nutrition information on the packaging. The Nutri-Score led to the greatest accuracy in identifying the healthier of two snacks (when using the British FSA/Ofcom nutrient profiling score to determine product healthiness); however, this had only a minimal effect on the evaluation when only some of the products were labelled. Both FOP labels were superior to the FOP with and without the nutrition facts. This indicates that for maximum effectiveness, the labelling of all available products is needed. The perceived usefulness and public support of mandatory implementation were higher for the MTL than for the Nutri-Score label; however, for the latter, perceived usefulness and public acceptance were higher among the participants who became familiar with the label during the experiment than among those who did not.     

Chinese consumers’ understanding and use of a food nutrition label and their determinants

This paper investigated Chinese consumers’ understanding and use of the Chinese food nutrition label and their determinants. Quantitative data were collected during March 2012 through a self-administrated structured questionnaire conducted in Beijing (n = 213) and Baoding city (n = 447). Questions assessed Chinese consumers’ use and understanding (objective and subjective) of food nutrition labels, nutrition knowledge (objective and subjective), socio-demographic characteristics, diet status, diet-health awareness, body mass index (BMI) and familiarity with food nutrition labels. A moderate degree of subjective understanding and a low degree of objective understanding of food nutrition labels were found among the participants, and 70% of the participants claimed to rarely or never use nutrition labels when shopping for food. Nutrition knowledge (objective and subjective) positively affected participants’ understanding (objective and subjective) of food nutrition labels. Familiarity with food nutrition labels had a strong positive effect on understanding of and use of food nutrition labels. Subjective nutrition knowledge and subjective understanding also played a significant and positive role in Chinese consumers’ label use. Age yielded a negative effect on both subjective and objective understanding, while education only affected participants’ objective understanding. None of the socio-demographic characteristics associated with self-reported use. Implications for future policies to improve Chinese consumers’ understanding and promote their use of food nutrition labels are discussed.     

采后水分和营养胁迫对西兰花未成熟衰老中相关酶活性的影响

本研究以西兰花(Brassica oleracea)花蕾为试材,研究了采后水分胁迫和营养胁迫对西兰花贮藏过程中色值变化、叶绿素含量、抗坏血酸(Vitamin C,Vc)含量、呼吸强度、超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)活性和丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)含量以及总抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明,西兰花在采后贮藏过程中花蕾出现黄化现象,采后水分和营养胁迫加速了西兰花叶绿素、Vc的降解。采后12 h,对照、水处理、聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol,PEG)处理、PEG加营养液处理和营养液处理的花球Vc含量为8.84 mg/100g,12.16 mg/100g,PEG 24.44 mg/100g,PEG 30.68 mg/100g,27.56 mg/100g。采后水分和营养胁迫均可导致西兰花花蕾POD活性下降,CAT活性峰值升高,两者同时发生时,延缓了西兰花花蕾总抗氧化性的上升。SOD、POD、CAT活性和总抗氧化性相比较可以看出,总抗氧化能力比单纯的某一种抗氧化酶更能反映西兰花的抗衰老能力。