改性地瓜茎对废水中结晶紫的吸附性能

采用改性地瓜茎作为新型生物吸附剂对模拟废水中结晶紫进行吸附去除,探讨吸附剂用量、pH、反应时间和染料初始质量浓度对结晶紫去除率的影响,并利用Box-Behnken响应曲面法优化吸附条件。结果表明,当pH为10、吸附剂用量为0.2g、结晶紫初始质量浓度为600mg/L和反应时间为60min时,改性地瓜茎对废水中结晶紫的最大去除率为97.9%。准二级动力学模型对试验数据的拟合效果最好,表明该吸附以离子交换吸附为主。与Freundlich和Temkin等温吸附方程相比,Langmuir模型对试验数据的拟合效果最好,表明结晶紫在地瓜茎表面的吸附以单分子层吸附为主。     

荔枝壳活性炭对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附性能的研究

以荔枝壳为原料,氢氧化钠为活化剂、微波加热,制备了荔枝壳活性炭。并以此活性炭为吸附剂吸附溶液中的Cr(Ⅵ),考察了初始Cr(Ⅵ)质量浓度、活性炭用量、pH、吸附时间、吸附温度对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量及去除率的影响。结果表明吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的最佳工艺条件为:荔枝壳活性炭质量1.6 g/L、Cr(Ⅵ)初始质量浓度50 mg/L、pH=3、吸附θ为25℃、吸附t为240 min,在此工艺条件下,荔枝壳活性炭吸附剂对Cr(Ⅵ)具有良好的吸附能力,对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附量可达30.25mg/g,Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率可达96.8%。吸附过程符合二级吸附动力学模型。热力学参数ΔG、ΔH、ΔS表明荔枝壳活性炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附过程是自发、吸热过程。     

粉煤灰负载水合氧化铁处理含磷(V)废水

对粉煤灰负载水合氧化铁去除水中HPO42-的性能进行了实验研究,考察了吸附剂用量、HPO42-浓度、溶液pH值、溶液共存离子等因素对吸附的影响,分析了其在不同温度下的吸附等温线及对HPO42-的吸附动力学,结果表明,Langmuir和Freundlich方程能较好地描述吸附平衡,其吸附动力学符合Lagergren二级方程. 粉煤灰经过改性对HPO42-有很强的去除能力,在吸附剂用量8.0 g/L,pH=3的条件下,粉煤灰负载水合氧化铁对HPO42-的去除率可达97%. 共存离子浓度在5~30 mg/L时,SO42-, NO32-, CO32-和Cl-等对HPO42-的去除几乎没有影响,而SiO32-的存在则明显抑制HPO42-的去除.     

乙酸膨润土对孔雀石绿的吸附去除

为提高膨润土对染料的吸附性能,制备了有机酸改性膨润土-乙酸膨润土(AAB).对AAB 进行了N₂-BET、FTIR 和XRD 表征分析,同时考察了影响乙酸膨润土(AAB)去除孔雀石绿(MG)的主要因素,并进行了吸附 动力学和吸附等温模型研究。研究结果表明,乙酸分子已成功负载在天然膨润土(RB)上,AAB 的比表面积为 45m2/g;层间距为1.721nm;在实验条件下,用0.4g/L 的吸附剂处理300mg/L 的MG,MG 的脱色率达到99%; pH 值为1～12 时,AAB 对MG 的脱色率均达到97%以上;低浓度的十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)能提高AAB 对MG 的去除率,而加入十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)会产生很强的抑制作用;AAB 对MG 的吸附符合 Langmuir 模型,Langmuir 吸附容量高达1250mg/g;MG 在AAB 上的吸附先是一个快速吸附阶段,然后逐渐到 达吸附平衡,符合准二级动力学模型。总之,AAB 环保无毒,在MG 去除方面具有用量低、适应pH 值范围广、吸附容量大和吸附快速的优势。     

改性山核桃外果皮炭对碱性染料的吸附特性研究

用磷酸活化山核桃外果皮制备的生物质炭吸附剂处理碱性染料废水,研究了该吸附剂对废水中孔雀石绿(MG)和亚甲基蓝(MB)的吸附性能。结果表明,该吸附剂为高效的碱性有机染料吸附剂,当其投加量为1 g/L时,318 K条件下对初始质量浓度为300 mg/L的MG的去除率达99.20%,303 K条件下对初始质量浓度为200 mg/L的MB的去除率达98.48%;吸附动力学符合准二级动力学方程;等温吸附模型符合Langmuir方程。     

改性杂色曲霉对水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附特性研究

采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)改性杂色曲霉菌粉(AVB)作为吸附剂去除水中的Cr(Ⅵ),考察了CTAB浓度、废水pH、初始浓度、吸附剂投加量和反应时间对吸附效果的影响。结果表明最佳的CTAB浓度为1.5%,当pH等于2,吸附剂投加量为1.5 g/L,初始浓度为25 mg/L时,Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率达到79.40%。改性AVB吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的过程符合伪二级动力学方程,吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型,理论最大吸附容量qm为26.45 mg/g。通过SEM、BET和FTIR技术对吸附剂进行表征,表明改性AVB具有较大的比表面积和丰富的功能基团如氨基、羧基和羟基。     

碳羟基磷灰石除废水中六价铬的吸附性能研究

利用废弃蛋壳为原料,水热法合成碳羟基磷灰石(CHAP)吸附剂,用它去除含铬废水中六价铬,研究了pH、六价铬初始质量浓度、吸附时间等对吸附效果的影响.结果表明:常温下,溶液pH为3、碳羟基磷灰石用量为5 g/L时,对100 mL 50 mg/L的六价铬吸附速度较快,30 min基本上达到吸附平衡,去除率为98.3%,最大吸附量高达29.85 mg/g.用Langmuir和Freundlich方程拟合碳羟基磷灰石对六价铬的吸附等温式,相关系数分别为0.998 4和0.922 6,说明这两个方程都较好地描述吸附过程.通过氢氧化钠或硫酸浸泡和微波加热处理对吸附后的碳羟基磷灰石进行再生试验,再生率高达94.3%和94.8%.     

甘蔗渣基水合氧化铁对源水中单宁酸的吸附特征

利用甘蔗渣(BR)、甘蔗渣水合氧化铁(HFO-BR)和甘蔗渣水合氧化锆(HZO-BR)三种材料对源水中单宁酸进行吸附去除,探讨其吸附特征。试验结果表明:甘蔗渣水合氧化铁(HFO-BR)和甘蔗渣水合氧化锆(HZO-BR)具有较宽的pH适用范围,当吸附剂剂量为1.6g/L、反应时间为180min时,两种复合材料对50mg/L单宁酸的去除率分别为96.54%和97.89%,比甘蔗渣对单宁酸的去除率分别提高10.56%和11.91%。准二级动力学方程能较好的拟合三种材料对单宁酸的吸附动力学过程,揭示其吸附以离子交换吸附为主。Langmuir和Freundlich方程均能较好地拟合单宁酸等温吸附试验数据,表明三种材料对单宁酸的吸附既有单分子层吸附,又有多分子层吸附。     

改性小麦秸秆对水中Cd2+吸附的研究

在微波辐射条件下,用ZnCl2改性小麦秸秆制备吸附剂处理含Cd2+废水,研究了吸附剂投加量、初始pH、吸附时间、温度对水溶液中Cd2+的去除率与吸附量的影响;通过动力学、热力学模型拟合、扫描电镜(SEM)和红外光谱(FTIR)分析,探讨其吸附机理。结果表明,改性小麦秸秆是一种具有潜在利用价值的Cd2+吸附剂,在投加量为4 g/L、初始pH为6,温度为298 K条件下处理100 mg/L的Cd2+废水,去除率达92.11%,吸附量为22.33 mg/g,吸附达到平衡的时间约为120 min;吸附动力学可以用准2级动力学方程描述;等温吸附模型符合Langmuir方程,293、303、313K温度条件下的饱和吸附量分别可达61.31、63.74和66.83 mg/g;结合SEM和FTIR谱图分析推断,改性小麦秸秆吸附Cd2+主要发生在吸附剂表层,吸附过程以化学吸附为主。     

松果对废水中Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)的吸附特性研究

以松果作为吸附剂进行了去除废水中Cu2+、Pb2+、Zn2+的吸附及解吸试验,研究了溶液pH值、吸附剂投加量、反应时间、溶液初始浓度对吸附效果的影响,以及不同pH值对达到吸附平衡的松果的解吸影响。结果表明:当pH值为5.0～5.5,Cu2+、Pb2+、Zn2+初始质量浓度约为25 mg/L时,吸附剂的最佳投加量分别为3、1.5、3 g/L,去除率分别为55.32%、86%、39.96%。3种重金属离子的吸附动力学方程符合Lagergren准二级动力学方程,R2均大于0.998。等温吸附研究表明:Freundlich方程能较好地描述Cu2+的等温吸附过程,Langmuir方程则能更好地描述Pb2+和Zn2+的吸附过程,用Langmuir方程拟合等温吸附数据得出松果对Cu2+、Pb2+、Zn2+的最大吸附量分别为9.10、31.65和9.60 mg/g。强酸是一种理想的Cu2+和Zn2+解吸剂。     

The removal of cationic dyes from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto pistachio hull waste

The efficacy of pistachio hull powder (PHP) prepared from agricultural waste was investigated in this study as a novel adsorbent for the elimination of dye molecules from contaminated streams. Removal of methylene blue (MB) as a cationic model dye by PHP from aqueous solution was studied under different experimental conditions. The selected parameters were solution pH (2–10), PHP dosage (0.5–3 g/L), MB concentrations (100–400 mg/L), contact time (1–70), and solution temperature (20–50 °C). The experimental results indicated that the maximum MB removal could be attained at a solution pH of 8. The dosage of PHP was also found to be an important variable influencing the MB removal percentage. The removal efficiency of MB improved from 94.6 to 99.7% at 70 min contact time when the MB concentration was decreased from 300 to 100 mg/L at a pH and PHP dosage of 8 and 1.5 g/L, respectively. The kinetic analysis showed that the pseudo-second-order model had the best fit to the experimental data. The Langmuir equation provided the best fit for the experimental data of the equilibrium adsorption of MB onto PHP at different temperatures. In addition, the maximum adsorption capacity increased from 389 to 602 mg/g when the temperature was increased from 20 to 50 °C. The thermodynamic evaluation of MB adsorption on PHP revealed that the adsorption phenomenon under the selected conditions was a spontaneous physical process. Accordingly, pistachio hull waste was shown to be a very efficient and low-cost adsorbent, and a promising alternative for eliminating dyes from industrial wastewaters.     

碱性钙基膨润土对亚甲基蓝和刚果红的吸附去除

该文研究了碱性钙基膨润土(ACB)对水体中的亚甲基蓝(MB)和刚果红(CR)染料的吸附性能,考察了吸附剂用量、吸附时间及温度、pH及盐等因素对吸附效果的影响,同时进行了两种染料在碱性钙基膨润土上的吸附等温模型、吸附动力学模型研究。结果表明,ACB对MB、CR的脱色率随着吸附剂用量的增加而增加,在实验条件下,50 mg/L MB和100 mg/L CR的最佳吸附剂质量浓度分别为1.0 g/L和2.0 g/L;升高温度可以加快吸附速率,但对最终的脱色率影响很小;50 mg/L MB的吸附平衡时间在60 min左右,100 mg/L CR的吸附平衡时间在120 min左右;在pH=3～12时,ACB对MB的脱色率都稳定在99%左右,而适宜ACB吸附CR的pH=3～7,对CR的脱色率保持在90%左右;NaCl的加入对MB的吸附效果影响很小,对CR的吸附则有很强的抑制作用;ACB对MB的吸附同时符合Langmuir和Freundlich模型,而ACB对CR的吸附则更符合Langmuir模型;ACB对两种染料的吸附过程均符合准二级动力学模型,颗粒内扩散模型的拟合结果说明吸附过程存在颗粒内扩散作用。     

膨润土-活性炭复合吸附剂对锰离子的吸附

以膨润土和活性炭为原料制备了复合吸附剂并将之应用于含锰离子废水的吸附。考察了不同条件下该吸附剂对水体中Mn（Ⅱ）的去除效果,并研究了吸附动力学特征和等温吸附过程。结果表明膨润土和活性炭复合吸附剂对Mn（Ⅱ）具有优良的吸附能力,在25 ℃下,当投加量为4 g/L、Mn（Ⅱ）初始质量浓度为50 mg/L、溶液pH为6时,吸附180 min,吸附率为93.2%。准一级、准二级动力学和内扩散模型用来拟合吸附过程,结果表明准二级动力学符合该吸附过程,吸附速率常数为0.003 6 g/（mg·min）,内扩散过程不是吸附的限速步骤,还存在吸附机制的制约。用Langmuir和Freundlich模型描述吸附等温过程,结果得出该吸附过程服从Langmuir吸附,饱和吸附容量为27.781 mg/g。     

Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Shell Based Activated Carbon for the Removal of Malachite Green Dye from Aqueous Solutions

The adsorption of malachite green (MG) dye using coconut shell based activated carbon (CSAC) was investigated. Operational factors such as the effect of pH, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and solution temperature on the adsorption process were studied. Solution pH strongly affected the chemistry of both the dye molecule and CSAC in solution. Optimum dye removal was obtained at pH ≥ 8.0. Equilibrium was reached in 120 minutes contact time. The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm models were used to evaluate the adsorption data. The adsorption data fitted the Langmuir model most with maximum adsorption monolayer coverage of 214.63 mg/g. Pseudo-first-order, pseudo second-order, and intraparticle diffusion models were also used to fit the experimental data. Kinetic parameters, rate constants, equilibrium sorption capacities, and related correlation coefficients, for each model were calculated and discussed. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG⁰, ΔH⁰, and ΔS⁰ were evaluated and it was found that the sorption process was feasible, spontaneous, and exothermic in nature. The mean free energy obtained from D-R isotherm suggests that the adsorption process follows physiosorption mechanism. The results showed that coconut shells could be employed as a low-cost precursor in activated carbon preparation for the removal of MG dye from wastewaters.     

Magnetic nanocomposite of multi-walled carbon nanotube as effective adsorbent for methyl violet removal from aqueous solutions: Response surface modeling and kinetic study

Magnetic nanocomposite of multi-walled carbon nanotube (m-MWCNT) was synthesized for adsorptive removal of methyl violet (MV) from aqueous solutions. The experiments were conducted using a central composite design (CCD) with the variables of adsorbent dosage (0.4-1.2 g/L), solution pH (3-9), contact time (10-42 min) and ionic strength (0.02-0.1mol L^?1). Regression analysis showed good fit of the experimental data to a quadratic response surface model whose statistical significance was verified by analysis of variance. By applying the desirability functions, optimum conditions of the process were predicted as adsorbent dosage of 0.99g/L, pH=4.92, contact time of 40.98 minutes and ionic strength of 0.04 mol L^?1 to achieve MV removal percentage of 101.19. Experimental removal efficiency of 99.51% indicated that CCD along with the desirability functions can be effectively applied for optimizing MV removal by m-MWCNT. Based on the study, the adsorption process followed Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model could realistically describe the dye adsorption onto m-MWCNT.     

Biosorption of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions using raw coconut fiber as a natural adsorbent

Abstract

This work aims to evaluate the Cr(VI) removal efficiency and adsorption capacity of the raw coconut fiber from synthetic aqueous solutions through the operational parameters as well as to represent the mechanisms of removal by kinetic and isotherm models. The experimental study was conducted in batch system and the optimum conditions for the adsorption of this metal by the biomass were according to: pH 2, contact time of 270?min, and 10?g/L of adsorbent dosage concentration. The removal efficiency obtained for Cr(VI) solutions was 99.2% at concentrations of 25–50?mg/L. For the highest concentrations, the removal decreased from 96.3% to 74.4%, when Cr(VI) solutions ranged from 100?mg/L to 250?mg/L, respectively. The adsorption kinetics was applied and showed a good agreement for pseudo-second-order and Elovich models, which point out a chemisorption. For the adsorption capacity at equilibrium conditions, the best fit was for the Redlich–Peterson isotherm indicating favorable adsorption and monolayer coverage.     

Application of graphene-based adsorbents in the treatment of dye-contaminated wastewater; kinetic and isotherm studies

The adsorption of methylene blue (MB) on graphene-based adsorbents was tested through the batch experimental method. Two types of graphene-based adsorbents as graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) were compared to investigate the best adsorbent for MB removal. So that optimizing the MB removal for the selected type of graphene-based adsorbent, the diverse experimental factors, as pH (2–10), contact time (0–1440 min), adsorbent dosage (0.5–2 g/L), and initial MB concentration (25–400 mg/L) were analyzed. The conclusions indicated that the MB removal rised with an increase in the initial concentration of the MB and so rises in the amount of adsorbent used and initial pH. Maximum dye removal was calculated as 99.11% at optimal conditions after 240 min. Adsorption data were compiled by the Langmuir isotherm (R²: 0.999) and pseudo-second-order kinetic models (R²: 0.999). The Langmuir isotherm model accepted that the homogeneous surface of the GO adsorbent covering with a single layer. And the adsorption energy was calculated as 9.38 kJ mol⁻¹ according to the D-R model indicating the chemical adsorption occurred. The results show that GO could be utilized for the treatment of dye-contaminated aqueous solutions effectively.     

大孔吸附树脂XAD-4对聚乙二醇的吸附性能

以大孔吸附树脂XAD-4为吸附剂,采用静态平衡吸附法吸附模拟聚乙二醇(PEG)废水,考察了初始pH值、吸附时间、吸附剂投加量和温度等因素对PEG去除效果的影响. 结果表明,pH值对吸附过程的影响可忽略不计. 当XAD-4树脂投加量为0.3 g/L时,PEG去除率可达89%,平衡吸附量Qe=59.95 mg/g. PEG在XAD-4树脂表面上均一分布,Langmuir, Dubinin-Radushkevich和Sips模型可较好地模拟其等温吸附过程. 不同温度下均为自发的放热吸附过程. 动态吸附数据符合拟二级动力学方程.     

PBMA/GMA-SiO2吸附剂的制备及其高效去除铅离子

以甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BMA)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)功能化的纳米SiO2为单体,通过可逆加成-断裂链转移自由基聚合(RAFT)法制备了PBMA/GMA-SiO2有机/无机复合吸附材料,并将其用于吸附含Pb2+的水溶液。考察了吸附时间、温度、pH以及Pb2+初始质量浓度对吸附效果的影响,并对其吸附动力学和热力学特性进行了探讨。结果表明,PBMA/GMA-SiO2对Pb2+具有良好的吸附性能,其对Pb2+的饱和吸附量为423.84mg/g,吸附最佳pH=5~6,平衡时间为1 h,去除率随Pb2+初始质量浓度的减小而增加。优化实验条件下,50 mg吸附剂在298 K时,对pH=6的50 mL 0.02 g/L含Pb2+溶液的去除率高达100%。热力学和动力学过程模拟结果表明,吸附的动力学过程比较符合准二级动力学速率方程,Langmuir等温方程比Freundlich等温方程更适合于描述此吸附行为。颗粒内扩散过程是吸附速率的控制步骤,但不是唯一的速率控制步骤。吸附剂经过5次脱附、吸附后,依然具有较强吸附Pb2+的能力。